42

CHAPTER 2

How many homes were studied?

a.

What is the class interval?

b.

One hundred homes sold for less than what amount?

c.

About 75% of the homes sold for less than what amount?
d.

Estimate the number of homes in the $150,000 up to $200,000 class.

e.

About how many homes sold for less than $225,000?

f.

21. The frequency distribution representing the number of frequent flier miles accumulated

by employees at Brumley Statistical Consulting Inc. is repeated from Exercise 17.

Frequent Flier Miles

(000) Frequency
 0 up to 3   5
 3 up to 6 12
 6 up to 9 23
 9 up to 12   8
12 up to 15  2
  Total 50

How many employees accumulated less than 3,000 miles?

a.

Convert the frequency distribution to a cumulative frequency distribution.

b.

Portray the cumulative distribution in the form of a cumulative frequency polygon.

c.

Based on the cumulative relative frequencies, about 75% of the employees

d.

accumulated how many miles or less?

­

22. The frequency distribution of order lead time of the retailer from Exercise 18 is

repeated below.
­

Lead Time (days) Frequency

 0 up to 5     6
 5 up to 10   7
10 up to 15 12
15 up to 20   8
20 up to 25  7
  Total
40

a. How many orders were filled in less than 10 days? In less than 15 days?

b. Convert the frequency distribution to cumulative frequency and cumulative rela-

tive frequency distributions. 

c. Develop a cumulative frequency polygon.

d. About 60% of the orders were filled in less than how many days?

CHAPTER SUMMARY
I. A frequency table is a grouping of qualitative data into mutually exclusive and collectively

exhaustive classes showing the number of observations in each class.

II. A relative frequency table shows the fraction of the number of frequencies in each class.

III. A bar chart is a graphic representation of a frequency table.

IV. A pie chart shows the proportion each distinct class represents of the total number of

observations.
V. A frequency distribution is a grouping of data into mutually exclusive and collectively ex-

haustive classes showing the number of observations in each class.

A. The steps in constructing a frequency distribution are

1. Decide on the number of classes.

2. Determine the class interval.

3. Set the individual class limits.

4. Tally the raw data into classes and determine the frequency in each class.

DESCRIBING DATA: FREQUENCY TABLES, FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS, AND GRAPHIC PRESENTATION 43

B. The class frequency is the number of observations in each class.

C. The class interval is the difference between the limits of two consecutive classes.

D. The class midpoint is halfway between the limits of consecutive classes.

VI. A relative frequency distribution shows the percent of observations in each class.

VII. There are several methods for graphically portraying a frequency distribution.

A. A histogram portrays the frequencies in the form of a rectangle or bar for each class.

The height of the rectangles is proportional to the class frequencies.
B. A frequency polygon consists of line segments connecting the points formed by the

intersection of the class midpoint and the class frequency.
C. A graph of a cumulative frequency distribution shows the number of observations less

than a given value.
D. A graph of a cumulative relative frequency distribution shows the percent of observa-

tions less than a given value. 

CHAPTER EXERCISES
23. Describe the similarities and differences of qualitative and quantitative variables. Be


sure to include the following:
a. What level of measurement is required for each variable type?

b. Can both types be used to describe both samples and populations?

24. Describe the similarities and differences between a frequency table and a frequency


distribution. Be sure to include which requires qualitative data and which requires quan-
titative data.
25. Alexandra Damonte will be building a new resort in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. She


must decide how to design the resort based on the type of activities that the resort will
offer to its customers. A recent poll of 300 potential customers showed the following
results about customers’ preferences for planned resort activities:

Like planned activities 63

Do not like planned activities
135
Not sure 78

No answer 24

a.
What is the table called?

b.
Draw a bar chart to portray the survey results.

c.
Draw a pie chart for the survey results.

d.
If you are preparing to present the results to Ms. Damonte as part of a report, which

graph would you prefer to show? Why?
26. Speedy Swift is a package delivery service that serves the greater Atlanta, Georgia,


­
metropolitan area. To maintain customer loyalty, one of Speedy Swift’s performance
objectives is on-time delivery. To monitor its performance, each delivery is measured on
­
the following scale: early (package delivered before the promised time), on-time (pack-
age delivered within 5 minutes of the promised time), late (package delivered more than
5 minutes past the promised time), or lost (package never delivered). Speedy Swift’s
objective is to deliver 99% of all packages either early or on-time. Speedy collected the
following data for last month’s performance:

On-time On-time Early Late On-time On-time On-time On-time Late On-time









Early On-time On-time Early On-time On-time On-time On-time On-time On-time









Early On-time Early On-time On-time On-time Early On-time On-time On-time









Early On-time On-time Late Early Early On-time On-time On-time Early









On-time Late Late On-time On-time On-time On-time On-time On-time On-time









On-time Late Early On-time Early On-time Lost On-time On-time On-time









Early Early On-time On-time Late Early Lost On-time On-time On-time









On-time On-time Early On-time Early On-time Early On-time Late On-time









On-time Early On-time On-time On-time Late On-time Early On-time On-time









On-time On-time On-time On-time On-time Early Early On-time On-time On-time