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Final Keyword in Java

The final keyword in Java can be applied to variables, methods, classes, and parameters. It restricts changes to values (variables), prevents overriding (methods and classes), and disallows changes (parameters). Final variables must be initialized either at declaration or in a constructor; static final variables are initialized in a static block. Final methods are inherited but cannot be overridden. Constructors cannot be declared final since they are never inherited.

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50 views

Final Keyword in Java

The final keyword in Java can be applied to variables, methods, classes, and parameters. It restricts changes to values (variables), prevents overriding (methods and classes), and disallows changes (parameters). Final variables must be initialized either at declaration or in a constructor; static final variables are initialized in a static block. Final methods are inherited but cannot be overridden. Constructors cannot be declared final since they are never inherited.

Uploaded by

Prasad S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Final Keyword In Java

1. Final variable

2. Final method

3. Final class

4. Is final method inherited ?

5. Blank final variable

6. Static blank final variable

7. Final parameter

8. Can you declare a final constructor

The final keyword in java is used to restrict the user. The java final keyword can be
used in many context. Final can be:

1. variable

2. method

3. class

The final keyword can be applied with the variables, a final variable that have no value it
is called blank final variable or uninitialized final variable. It can be initialized in the
constructor only. The blank final variable can be static also which will be initialized in the
static block only. We will have detailed learning of these. Let's first learn the basics of
final keyword.

1) Java final variable


If you make any variable as final, you cannot change the value of final variable(It will be
constant).
Example of final variable
There is a final variable speedlimit, we are going to change the value of this variable, but
It can't be changed because final variable once assigned a value can never be changed.

1. class Bike9{  
2.  final int speedlimit=90;//final variable  
3.  void run(){  
4.   speedlimit=400;  
5.  }  
6. - public static void main(String args[]){  
7.  Bike9 obj=new  Bike9();  
8.  obj.run();  
9.  }  
10. }//end of class  
Test it Now
Output:Compile Time Error

2) Java final method


If you make any method as final, you cannot override it.

Example of final method


1. class Bike{  
2.   final void run(){System.out.println("running");}  
3. }  
4.      
5. class Honda extends Bike{  
6.    void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");}  
7.      
8.    public static void main(String args[]){  
9.    Honda honda= new Honda();  
10.    honda.run();  
11.    }  
12. }  
Test it Now
Output:Compile Time Error

3) Java final class


If you make any class as final, you cannot extend it.

Example of final class


1. final class Bike{}  
2.   
3. class Honda1 extends Bike{  
4.   void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 100kmph");}  
5.     
6.   public static void main(String args[]){  
7.   Honda1 honda= new Honda();  
8.   honda.run();  
9.   }  
10. }  
Test it Now
Output:Compile Time Error

Q) Is final method inherited?


Ans) Yes, final method is inherited but you cannot override it. For Example:

1. class Bike{  
2.   final void run(){System.out.println("running...");}  
3. }  
4. class Honda2 extends Bike{  
5.    public static void main(String args[]){  
6.     new Honda2().run();  
7.    }  
8. }  
Test it Now
Output:running...

Q) What is blank or uninitialized final variable?


A final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is known as blank final
variable.

If you want to create a variable that is initialized at the time of creating object and once
initialized may not be changed, it is useful. For example PAN CARD number of an
employee.

It can be initialized only in constructor.


Example of blank final variable
1. class Student{  
2. int id;  
3. String name;  
4. final String PAN_CARD_NUMBER;  
5. ...  
6. }  

Que) Can we initialize blank final variable?


Yes, but only in constructor. For example:

1. class Bike10{  
2.   final int speedlimit;//blank final variable  
3.     
4.   Bike10(){  
5.   speedlimit=70;  
6.   System.out.println(speedlimit);  
7.   }  
8.   
9.   public static void main(String args[]){  
10.     new Bike10();  
11.  }  
12. }  
Test it Now
Output:70

static blank final variable


A static final variable that is not initialized at the time of declaration is known as static
blank final variable. It can be initialized only in static block.

Example of static blank final variable


1. class A{  
2.   static final int data;//static blank final variable  
3.   static{ data=50;}  
4.   public static void main(String args[]){  
5.     System.out.println(A.data);  
6.  }  
7. }  
Q) What is final parameter?
If you declare any parameter as final, you cannot change the value of it.

1. class Bike11{  
2.   int cube(final int n){  
3.    n=n+2;//can't be changed as n is final  
4.    n*n*n;  
5.   }  
6.   public static void main(String args[]){  
7.     Bike11 b=new Bike11();  
8.     b.cube(5);  
9.  }  
10. }  
Test it Now
Output:Compile Time Error

Q) Can we declare a constructor final?


No, because constructor is never inherited.

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