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Chapter -1
The Whole number
Digits - 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Digits are the symbols 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 that make numbers.

The digits in a number have value according to their place in the number. Digits to the left of a number
have more value than digits to the right.

Cardinal number

A number denoting quantity (one, two, three ,etc. ) as opposed to an ordinal number ( first, second,
third,etc.)

Ordinal number

A number defining the position of something in series, such as first, second, or third.

In numeral In words In numeral In words

0 Zero ( place value holder) 60 Sixty
1 One 67 Sixty-seven
2 Two 70 Seventy
3 Three 74 Seventy-four
4 Four 79 Seventy-nine
5 Five 80 Eighty
6 Six 81 Eighty-one
7 Seven 90 Ninety
8 Eight 95 Ninety-five
9 Nine 99 Ninety-nine
10 Ten 100 One hundred
11 Eleven 102 One hundred and Two
12 Twelve 112 One hundred and Twelve
13 Thirteen 200 Two hundred
14 Fourteen 230 Two hundred and thirty
15 Fifteen 289 Two hundred and eighty-nine
16 Sixteen 300 Three hundred
17 Seventeen 400 Four hundred
18 Eighteen 500 Five hundred
19 Nineteen 600 Six hundred
20 Twenty 624 Six hundred and twenty-four
21 Twenty-one 700 Seven hundred
22 Twenty-two 750 Seven hundred and fifty
25 Twenty-five 800 Eight hundred
30 Thirty 900 Nine hundred
40 *Forty 999 Nine hundred and Ninety-nine
50 Fifty 1,000 One thousand
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0 1 2 3 4 5 Right ( higher value )

54,023

Left Right

Notes: Three digits = one group

After three digits, comma or space will come.

One comma = Thousand

Two commas = Million

Three commas = Billion

Four commas = Trillion

Zero= Place value holder

Place value

H-M T-M M H-Th T-Th Th H T U

Hundred Tens Ones Hundred Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Unit
Million Million Million Thousand Thousand Thousand Or
Ones

Digits From To Place Value Symbol

One digit 0 9 Unit or Ones U
Two digits 10 99 Tens T
Three digits 100 999 Hundreds H
Four Digits to Six digits - Thousand Group ( one comma or one space)
Four digits 1 ,000 9,999 Thousands Th
Five digits 10,000 99,999 Ten Thousands T-Th
Six digits 100,000 999,999 Hundred Thousand H=Th
Seven Digits to Nine Digits - Million Group ( Two comma or two space )
Seven digits 1,000,000 9,999,999 Millions M
Eight digits 10,000,000 99,999,999 Ten Millions T-M
Nine digits 100,000,000 999,999,999 Hundred Millions H-M
Ten Digits to Twelve Digits - Billion Group ( Three comma or three space )
Ten digits 1,000,000,000 9,999,999,999 Billions B
Eleven digits 10,000,000,000 99,999,999,999 Ten Billions T-B
Twelve digits 100,000,000,000 999,999,999,999 Hundred Billions H-B
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Thirteen Digits to Fifteen digits – ( Four comma or Four space ) = Trillion Group

1 000 = 1 k ( kilo)

k = 000 Tens = 0 Hundred = 00 Thousand = 000

Lakh = 00 000

57 tens = 570 389 lakh = 38 900 000

57 hundreds = 5 700 563 k = 563 000

3 0 4 2 1
Ten-Thousand Thousand Hundred Tens Unit or Ones

The bigger value

304 = Three hundred and Four

34 = Thirty Four

049 = 49

Zero is the place value holder.

In numerals – In words

457 = Four hundred and fifty-seven

547 452 = Five hundred and forty-seven thousand , four hundred and fifty-two

547 512 314 = Five hundred and forty-seven million, five hundred and twelve thousand , three hundred

and fourteen

In 914 257

1. The digit 4 is in the thousand place,

2. The digit 9 stands for 900 000,
3. The value of the digit 5 is 50.
4. The place value of the digit 2 is hundred.

How many hundreds make 5 000 000?

We need to divide 5 000 000 by 100 to get answer .

The answer is 50 000.

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1.1 Partition

5 478 = 5 000+ 400+70+8

1.2 Expanded form

5 478 = 5 x 1 000+ 4 x 100 + 7 x 10+ 8 x 1

1.3 Compare

Greater than > 52 > 48 Look 1- Digit number

Smaller than < 48 < 52 2- First number

Start with smallest or Begin with smallest - 3 – Different number

Start with largest or Begin with Largest

548 512 , 54 754 , 548 312 , 678 214 ( 547 54 , 548 312 , 548 512,678 214 )

….. is …… more than ……. 10 is 3 more than 7 7 + 3 =10

…… more than ……. 3 more than 7 7 + 3 =10

…… more than ……. is ……. 3 more than 7 is 10 7 + 3 =10

…..is ……less than …… 7 is 3 less than 10 10 – 3 = 7 , 7+ 3 = 10

….. less than…… 3 less than 10 10 – 3 = 7

……. Less than …… is …... 3 less than 10 is 7 10 – 3 =7

Less than more than

Number line

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Smaller Greater

Add + Plus Add to 3+5 3 add to 5

Subtract - Minus Subtract from 9-5 5 subtract from 9
Multiply × In to Multiplied by 3x6 3 multiply by 6
Divide / division Divided by 3÷6 3 divided by 6
or 6÷3 6 divided by 3
÷
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2 3 addend 2 3 minuend ( bigger number )

+1 4 addend -1 4 subtrahend ( smaller number )

3 7 sum 9 difference
1
3 x 6 = 18 ( the product ) 3 ÷ 6 = 0.5 𝑜𝑟 2
( the quotient ) 3 ( the quotient )

18 is the product of 3 and 6. 6 ÷ 3 = 2 ( the quotient) 2 7

7÷2 =3R1 - 6

1 (R= remainder)

Multiplier x multiplicand = product

Dividend ÷ Divisor = quotient

32 ÷ 4 = 8

If remainder = 0 6 is divisible by 3.

1.4 Even number and Odd number

Even number …. Divisible by 2

Double of numbers . eg 2 =double of 1 , 4 =double of 2, 6= double of 3

Ones or units place in even number …. 0,2,4,6,8

Odd number ….. When divided by 2, we will get the remainder 1

Not double

Ones or unit place in odd number … 1,3,5,7,9

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1.5 Position
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Difference between Cardinal Number and Ordinal Number

1.6 Roman Letter

I = 1 , V= 5 , X = 10 , L =50 , C =100 ,D =500 , M =1000
(Left) ….. = ….. – Left ….. ( V,X,L,C,D,M)
IV = V- I = 5-1=4 XL = L-X = 50-10=40 CD = D-C=500-100= 400
IX = X-I =10-1= 9 XC = C-X =100-10=90 CM= M-C=1000-100 =900
…..(Right) = …..+ Right
VI= V+I = 6 LX=L+X=60 DC=D+C=600
XI=X+I=11 CX=C+X=110 MC=M+C=1100
( No more than three time) ==➔ III, XXX , CCC , MMM
NOT REPEATED NUMBER =➔ V,L,D
Impossible , VV,VVV ,LL,LLL,DD,DDD (wrong)
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1.7 Rounding
( approximately ≈ ) 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 . . 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
Actual number to nearest (ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc…)
1. Think the digit position ( between ….. and …..)
2. Round down or round up ( compare with 5 )
( if less than 5 = round down , equal or more than 5 = round up)
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Exercises
In 7638, the digit 7 stands for ……………………… .

In 9386 , the digit 8 stands for …………………….. .

In6039, the value of the digit 9 is …………………

In 8791, the value of the digit 7 is ………………………

In 5043 , the digit 0 is in the …………………. Place.

In 7945 , the digit 7 is in the ………………. Place.

In 5066, there are …………… tens.

In 3290, there are …………. Ones.

In 4102 , there are …………. Hundreds.

In 8414, there are ………………..thousands .

320 = ……….. tens

1600 = …………. Hundreds

4700 = …………….tens

5120 = ……………..tens

2800 = …………………hundreds

7600 = ……….. hundreds

450 = ……….tens

9000 = …………tens = …………… hundreds

43 thousands 15 hundreds 9 tens =

11 thousands 50 hundreds 4 tens 76 ones =

26 thousands 23 hundreds 89 ones =

15 thousands 45 hundreds 6 tens 9 ones =

9 thousands 54 hundreds 25 tens 67 ones =

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Use all the digits below to form

A . the smallest 5-digit odd number

B. the greatest 5-digit even number

6 5 2 7 0

a. Smallest 3-digit number:

b. Greatest 3-digit number:
c. Smallest 4-digit number:
d. Greatest 4-digit number:

4 0 3 9

0 6 2 1

Arrange the numbers in order. Begin with the smallest.

56 294 54 183 47 183 54 137

10 834 18 573 12 851 10 472

Arrange the number in order . Begin with the greatest.

43 674 43 092 43 261 34 658

59 362 95 362 52 369 92 381

Work out the following sums. Then fill in each blank with the correct letter to solve the riddle.

A tourist who comes to Singapore would like to see the ………………..

1. ………………. Is 200 more than 3 465 R

2. ………………. Less than 4 457 is 4 357. O
3. …………….. is 1 less than 10 000. N
4. …………….. less than 3 510 is 3 500. E
5. 8032 is ………………. more than 7032. L
6. 10 more than…………….. is 1109. M
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7. 100 less than ………….. is 2000 . I

……………… …………….. ……………. …………….. …………… ……………….. …………………

1099 10 5465 1000 2100 100 9999

Read the clues. Then fill in each circle with the correct answer.
I am a 4-digit number.

The digit 0 is in the hundreds place.

The digit 3 stands for 3 thousands.

The value of the digit 5 is 5.

The value f the digit 7 is 70.

What number am I?

I am a number with the digits 9,7 and 4.

I am between 700 and 750.

What number am I ?

I am a number with the digits 3,4,6 and 2.

I am the greatest possible number between 4500 and 6000.

What number am I?

I am a number with the digit 1,0 , 5 and 8.

I am the smallest possible number between 5050 and 6050.

What number am I?

Use the digits 4,2, and 5 to form :

a. Two 3- digits odd number
b. Four 3-digits even numbers
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The Story of Gauss

(1) Total number in number pattern = even number

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏

Number of pairs = 𝟐
The sum of all numbers in number pattern = ( 1st+last) x number of pairs

Example –
1+2+3+4+5+6
Total number = 6
Number of pairs = 6/2=3 pairs
The sum of all number = (1 + 6 ) x 3 = 7 x 3 = 21
(2) Total number in number pattern = odd number
Odd number – 1 = even number
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏
Number of pairs = 𝟐
The sum of even numbers in number pattern = ( 1st+last) x number of pairs
(𝟏𝒔𝒕+𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕)
Remaining number = 𝟐
The sum of all numbers = remaining number + the sum of even numbers in number pattern
Example –
1+2+3+4+5+6+7
Total number = 7 ( odd)
7-1=6 (even)
Number of pairs = 6/2=3 pairs
The sum of even numbers in number pattern = ( 1+ 7) x 3 = 8 x3 =24
Remaining number = ( 1+7) / 2 = 4
The sum of all numbers = 4+24=28

(3) 3,3,1,9,4,3,3,1,9,4,3,3,1,9,4,…

Total number in one sequence = 5

The sum of all number in one sequence = 3+3+1+9+4=20
33rd number = 33 ÷ 5 = 6 R 3
3,3,1,9,4 x 6 times + 3,3,1

So, 33rd number is 1.

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