Assignment Operators

The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The following
table lists all the arithmetic operators in Python:
Operator Function Example in Python Shell
>>> x = 5;
= >>> x
5
>>> x = 5
>>> x += 5
+= operator.iadd(a,b) 10
>>> import operator
>>> x = operator.iadd(5, 5)
10
>>> x = 5
>>> x -= 2
-= operator.isub(a,b) 3
>>> import operator
>>> x = operator.isub(5,2)
>>> x = 2
>>> x *= 3
*= operator.imul(a,b) 6
>>> import operator
>>> x = operator.imul(2, 3)
>>> x = 6
>>> x /= 3
/= operator.itruediv(a,b) 2
>>> import operator
>>> x = operator.itruediv(6, 3)
>>> x = 6
>>> x //= 5
//= operator.ifloordiv(a,b) 1
>>> import operator
>>> operator.ifloordiv(6,5)
>>> x = 11
>>> x %= 3
%= operator.imod(a, b) 2
>>> import operator
>>> operator.imod(11, 3)
 2
>>> x = 11
>>> x &= 3
&= operator.iand(a, b) 1
>>> import operator
>>> operator.iand(11, 3)
1
>>> x = 3
>>> x |= 4
|= operator.ior(a, b) 7
>>> import operator
>>> operator.mod(3, 4)
7
>>> x = 5
>>> x ^= 2
^= operator.ixor(a, b) 7
>>> import operator
>>> operator.ixor(5, 2)
7
>>> x = 5
>>> x >>= 2
>>= operator.irshift(a, b) 1
>>> import operator
>>> operator.irshift(5, 2)
1
>>> x = 5
>>> x <<= 2
<<= operator.ilshift(a, b) 20
>>> import operator
>>> operator.ilshift(5, 2)
20
Bitwise Operators
A B A&B A|B A^B
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0

Bitwise operators perform operations on binary operands.

Operator Function Description Example in Python Shell
>>> x=5; y=10
>>> z=x & y
x=0101
& operator.and_(a,b) Sets each bit to 1 if y=1010
both bits are 1. z= 0000
>>> z
0
>>> import operator
>>> operator.and_(x, y)
5
>>> x=5; y=10
>>> z=x | y
Sets each bit to 1 if one x=0101
| operator.or_(a,b) of two bits is 1. y=1010
z= 1111
>>> z
15
>>> import operator
>>> operator.or_(x, y)
15
>>> x=5; y=10
>>> z=x ^ y
Sets each bit to 1 if x=0101
^ operator.xor(a,b) only one of two bits is y=1010
1. z= 1111
>>> z
15
>>> import operator
 >>> operator.xor(x, y)
15
>>> x=5
>>> ~x
~ operator.invert(a) Inverts all the bits. -6
>>> import operator
>>> operator.invert(x)
-6
>>> x=5
>>> x<<2
Shift left by pushing 0000 0101
<< operator.lshift(a,b) zeros in from the right 0001 0001
and let the leftmost bits 0001 0100
fall off. 20
>>> import operator
>>> operator.lshift(x,2)
20
operator.rshift(a,b) Shift right by pushing >>> x=5
copies of the leftmost >>> x>>2
bit in from the left, and 0101
>> let the rightmost bits 0100
fall off. 0001
1
>>> import operator
>>> operator.rshift(x,2)
1

Special Operators
Identity Operators
The identity operators check whether the two objects have the same id value i.e.
both the objects point to the same memory location.
Operator Function Description Example in Python Shell
>>> x = 5; y = 6
>>> x is y
is operator.is_(a,b) True if both are False
true >>> import operator
>>> operator.is_(x,y)
False
 >>> x = 5; y = 6
>>> x is not y
is not operator.is_not(a,b) True if at least True
one is true >>> import operator
>>> operator.is_not(x, y)
True

Membership Test Operators

The membership test operators in and not in test whether the sequence has a
given item or not. For the string and bytes types, x in y is True if and only if x is a
substring of y.
Operator Function Description Example in Python Shell
Returns >>> nums = [1,2,3,4,5]
True if the >>> 1 in nums
sequence True
contains >>> 10 in nums
the False
in operator.contains(a,b) specified >>> 'str' in 'string'
item else True
returns >>> import operator
False. >>>
operator.contains(nums, 2)
True
Returns >>> nums = [10,20,30,40,50]
True if the >>> 20 not in nums
sequence False
does not >>> 60 not in nums
contains True
the >>> 'str' not in 'string'
not in not operator.contains(a,b) specified False
item, else >>> import operator
returns >>> not
False. operator.contains(nums, 2)
False