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Parallel Operation of The Transformers

The document discusses the parallel operation of transformers. Three key points: 1) Transformers can be connected in parallel by connecting their primary windings to a common voltage supply and secondary windings to a common load. 2) For safe parallel operation, transformers must have the same voltage ratio, polarity, impedance, and X/R ratio to avoid circulating currents. 3) Parallel operation allows handling of large loads by combining transformers, reduces spare capacity needs, and ensures uninterrupted power if a transformer fails.

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75 views6 pages

Parallel Operation of The Transformers

The document discusses the parallel operation of transformers. Three key points: 1) Transformers can be connected in parallel by connecting their primary windings to a common voltage supply and secondary windings to a common load. 2) For safe parallel operation, transformers must have the same voltage ratio, polarity, impedance, and X/R ratio to avoid circulating currents. 3) Parallel operation allows handling of large loads by combining transformers, reduces spare capacity needs, and ensures uninterrupted power if a transformer fails.

Uploaded by

tanmayascribd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARALLEL OPERATION OF THE TRANSFORMERS

By: Eng. R. T. Paramanayagam


B.Sc. Eng (Hons), CEng (SL), CMEngNZ, IntPE (SL)
PARALLEL OPERATION OF THE TRANSFORMERS
• When the primary windings of two or more transformers are connected to a common voltage supply and their secondary windings are
connected to a common load, then, the transformers are said to be connected in parallel.

• The figure shows two transformers T1 and T2 connected in parallel.

By: Eng. R. T. Paramanayagam


B.Sc. Eng (Hons), CEng (SL), CMEngNZ, IntPE (SL)
CONDITIONS FOR PARALLE OPERATION OF THE TRANSFORMERS

The primary reasons for operating Transformers in parallel are as follows:

 Transformers connected must have the same polarity and for three phase, they need to have the same phase angle and phase
sequence.

 Voltage ratio of the primary and secondary must be same.

 Impedance (%) should be equal in magnitude and should have the X/R ratio to avoid circulating current.

 If the kVA ratings are different, the equivalent impedance should be inversely proportional to individual kVA rating.

By: Eng. R. T. Paramanayagam


B.Sc. Eng (Hons), CEng (SL), CMEngNZ, IntPE (SL)
REASONS FOR PARALLE OPERATION OF THE TRANSFORMERS

The primary reasons for operating Transformers in parallel are as follows:

 For large loads, it may be impractical or uneconomical to have a single large transformer so that many small transformers are
paralleled to meet the load demand.

 By operating the transformers of standard size in parallel at the substations, the spare capacity of the substation can be reduced.

 There is always a scope of future expansion of a substation to supply a load of capacity greater than that of the transformers already
installed. Hence, in future by connecting a new transformer in parallel with existing transformers, the total capacity of the substation
can be increased.

 If a transformer is damaged in a system of transformers connected in parallel and is removed for repair and maintenance, then there
is no interruption of power supply for essential services.

By: Eng. R. T. Paramanayagam


B.Sc. Eng (Hons), CEng (SL), CMEngNZ, IntPE (SL)
EQUVALENT CIRCUIT OF TWO PARALLELY CONNECTED TRANSFORMERS

 Let the secondary induced EMF of two Transformers is E1 and E2 respectively.

 Suppose E1 > E2, then due to the voltage difference between the secondaries of the two Transformers there will be a circulating
current of Ic flowing from the first Transformer to the second Transformer. The circulating causes over heating and hence, it should be
low as possible.

 Mathematically, we can calculate the Ic = (E1 – E2)/(Z1 + Z2)

 For the safe operation, Ic should be zero. That means, E1 = E2

By: Eng. R. T. Paramanayagam


B.Sc. Eng (Hons), CEng (SL), CMEngNZ, IntPE (SL)
EQUVALENT CIRCUIT OF TWO PARALLELY CONNECTED TRANSFORMERS

 E1 = V2 + I1Z1 and E2 = V2 + I2Z2

 So, I1/I2 = Z2/Z1

 Let’s say that the Z1 > Z2, then I1 < I2 and vice-versa.

By: Eng. R. T. Paramanayagam


B.Sc. Eng (Hons), CEng (SL), CMEngNZ, IntPE (SL)

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