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Ethical Hacking

The document contains 10 questions about networking concepts like penetration testing models, circuit switched vs packet switched networks, virtual circuit packet transfer, TCP/IP model, IP addresses, port numbers, Ethernet packet sizes, and IP header fields. For each question it provides the correct answer and a detailed explanation of the concept being tested.

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Srinivasa Reddy
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147 views3 pages

Ethical Hacking

The document contains 10 questions about networking concepts like penetration testing models, circuit switched vs packet switched networks, virtual circuit packet transfer, TCP/IP model, IP addresses, port numbers, Ethernet packet sizes, and IP header fields. For each question it provides the correct answer and a detailed explanation of the concept being tested.

Uploaded by

Srinivasa Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUESTION 1:

In which of the following penetration testing models, no information about the network is given
to tester?

a. White box model. b. Black box model. c. Red box Model. d. Gray box model. e. None of these.
Correct Answer: b
Detail Solution: In the white box model, the tester has complete information about the
network. In the black box model, the tester does not have any information about the network.
Gray box model is somewhere in between, where the tester is only provided with partial
information about the network. There is nothing called red box model.
Thus the correct option is (b).
____________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 2:
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for a circuit switched network?
a. A communication link can be shared by more than one connection.
b. A communication link is dedicated to a connection and cannot be shared with
other connections.
c. The packet transfer delay between a pair of nodes may depend on the prevailing
network traffic.
d. The packet transfer delay between a pair of nodes is more or less constant
during the entire period of the connection.
e. It is efficient for bursty traffic.

Correct Answer: b, d

Detail Solution: In a circuit switched network, a communication link remains dedicated to a


connection; however, in a packet switched network, communication links may be shared by
more than one connection. Also, in a packet switched network, packets between the same
source and destination may follow different paths, and hence the packet transfer delay can vary
with time; whereas in circuit switched network the link is dedicated so most of the time the
delay remains constant. Circuit switched network is acceptable for voice communication but is
very inefficient for high traffic like data streaming.
Thus true options are (b) and (d).
______________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 3:
A 1000 byte packet is sent over a 50 kilo-bits-per-second (Kbps) point-to-point link whose
propagation delay is 10 msec. The packet will reach the destination after ________ msec.
(Assume 1K = 1000)
Correct Answer: 160 to 170
Detail Solution: 50 x 1000 = 50,000 bits per second can be transferred through the link.
1 bit can be sent in = (1 / 50,000) sec
1000 bytes or 8,000 bits can be sent in 8,000 / 50,000 sec = 0.16 sec = 160 msec
Hence the packet will reach the destination after = 160 msec + 10 msec = 170 msec.
Thus the correct answer will be range 160-170.
_____________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 4:
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true for virtual circuit based packet transfer
approach?

a. It is a connection-oriented approach, where a route is established priori to


transfer of packets.
b. In this approach, each packets follows distinct path.
c. The intermediate node can perform dynamic routing.
d. All the packets reach in order to the destination.
e. It is a true packet switched network.

Correct Answer: a, d
Detail Solution: Virtual circuit approach is a connection-oriented packet switching approach
where a route is established before packet transmission starts. For a session the packets
follows the same path, and then once the session is expired a new route is established. In
virtual circuit, a virtual id is used which is used by intermediate node of the route such that the
packet can be forwarded to the next node. This means that the Intermediate nodes can only
forward the packet and cannot make dynamic routing decision. In virtual circuit all packets
reach in order to the destination as packet follows the same path. It is not a true packet
switched network as it uses a fixed path for transmitting data.
Thus true options are (a) and (d).
______________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 5:
Which of the following OSI layers is responsible for end-to-end reliable data transfer, with error
recovery and flow control?
a. Session layer
b. Transport layer
c. Network layer
d. Datalink layer
e. Physical layer
Correct Answer: b
Detail Solution: The physical layer is responsible for actual transmission of signals over a
communication medium. The data-link layer is responsible for transmitting data frames reliably
over point-to-point links. The network layer is responsible for the switching or routing of
packets from one node to the next on way to the final destination. The transport layer is a
virtual host-to-host layer between the two end systems which is responsible for end-to-end
reliable data transfer, with error recovery and flow control. The session layer manages
connection sessions.
Thus the correct option is (b).
______________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 6:
Which of the following is/are false for TCP/IP model?

a. It allows cross-platform communications among heterogeneous networks.


b. It is a scalable client-server architecture which allows network modification
without disrupting the current services.

c. It can also represent any other protocol stack other than the TCP/IP suite such as
Bluetooth connection.
d. None of these.
Correct Answer: c
Detail Solution: TCP/IP is an open source scalable client-server based architecture used in
computer network. It is used to bridge the gap between non-compatible (heterogeneous)
networks. In TCP/IP based network a host/network can be added/removed without disturbing the
current services/systems of the network. TCP/IP is not generic, and thus can only represent the
protocol stacks defined in TCP/IP suite. It cannot represent any protocol that is not defined in
TCP/IP such as Bluetooth connection.
Thus the false option is (c).
______________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 7:
Which of the following is true for the IP?

a. It uniquely identifies a network interface of a computer system.


b. It uniquely identifies a host in the network.
c. It indicates how many hardware ports are there in the computer system.
d. None of these.
Correct Answer: b
Detail Solution: IP uniquely identifies a host in the network.
Thus the true option is (b).
____________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 8:
How many bits are used for IP address (in IP version 4) and port number respectively?

a. 32, 8
b. 32, 16
c. 48, 8
d. 48, 16
Correct Answer: b
Detail Solution: 32 bits are used for IP address whereas 16 bits are used for port number.

Thus the correct option is (b).


______________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 9:
If a 2000 byte data message is sent using a TFTP, the corresponding Ethernet packet will be of
size _______ bytes.
Correct Answer: 2050
Detail Solution: In TFTP protocol, along with the data, 18 bytes Ethernet header, 20 bytes of IP
header, 8 bytes of UDP header and 4 bytes of TFTP header will be added.
Thus the effective size of Ethernet packet will be 2000 + 50 = 2050 bytes.
_____________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 10:
If the IP header is 192 bits long, what will be the value (in decimal) of the “HLEN” field _______?
Correct Answer: 6
Detail Solution: The HLEN field contains the size of the IP header in multiples of 32 bits or 4
bytes. Here, size of the IP header = 192 bits = 6 x 32 bits. Hence, HLEN will contain 0110, which
is the binary equivalent of the number 6.
Thus the correct answer will be 6.

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