Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This part of the study presents the methodology comprised of method of

research, population, sample size and sampling technique, research instrument, data-

gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data. These methods will be utilized to

uncover the competency and adaptability levels of the school heads on the K to 12 basic

education systemic reforms, their demographic profile and its significant relationship

exist to the level of competence and adaptability of the leaders in the First

Congressional District of the Schools Division of Camarines Sur.

Method of Research

The descriptive-evaluative correlational research design will be used in this

study. This method of research will be employed because the objective of the study is to

assess the competency and adaptability levels of the public elementary school heads

and its correlations to their demographic profile. This type of research design focuses on

the present condition of the variables, their causal relationship and the fomulation of the

problem to be solved through accurate solution or action to be undertaken. It is within

the realm of this design that two or more variables are correlated to predict important

criteria such as the demographic profile, competencies of the school heads set in the

National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads (NCBSSH) and their

adaptability on the K to 12 program systemic reforms. This also involves collection of

data through a validated survey questionnaire which will be administered by the

researcher in the public elementary schools of the First Congressional District of

Camarines Sur involving the officers-in-charge, teachers-in-charge, head teachers and

principals.
Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique

The population of the study are the school heads from the five (5) districts in the

First Congressional District of the Schools Division of Camarines Sur. Purposive

sampling design will be employed to select the school head-respondents of the study

who are officers-in-charge (OIC), teachers-in-charge (TIC), head teachers, and school

principals from the elementary schools of the congressional district. They will be

selected based on the purpose of the study which is a non-parametric sampling design.

Table 1

Population of the School Heads per District in the First Congressional District of

the Schools Division of Camarines Sur

First Congressional Districts Number of School Heads

Cabusao 8
Del Gallego 15
Lupi 33
Ragay 33
Sipocot North 26
Sipocot South 19
Total 134

Table 1 above shows the number of school heads per district with a total of 134

comprising 8 from Cabusao, 15 from Del Gallego, 33 from Lupi, 33 from Ragay, 26 from

Sipocot North and 19 from Sipocot South. The 134 school heads from the different

districts will composed the sample size of this research undertaking. They are chosen as

respondents of this study because of their direct involvement in the implementation of

the K to 12 basic education program systemic reforms, and who have been in DepED-

organized training programs in various areas aligned with the enhanced basic education

policy, school-based management, 21st century leadership and management,

continuous improvement program, instructional supervision, school heads development

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program, curriculum and learning support programs, i.e., ELLNP, PRIMALS, etc., and

other relevant or related topics within the education system of the country. Hence, all of

them are seen reasonable and viable respondents to partake in this inquiry to produce

empirical results for generalizability and with rigor.

Description of Research Instrument

A researcher-made survey questionnaire is developed and will be submitted to

experts for content validation. After a comprehensive examination, the questionnaire will

be approved and distributed to the school heads-respondents from the First

Congressional District of Camarines Sur. The survey questionnaire will be used to

collect data regarding the competency and adaptability levels of the school heads on the

K to 12 basic education systemic reforms which will be utilized in the formulation of

continuing professional development program.

The survey will be divided into three (3) parts. The first part comprised of the

demographic profile of the school head-respondents such as age, gender, position,

highest educational attainment, number of years as school head and trainings attended.

The second part is a series of statements wherein the respondents have to rate

themselves as to measure their competency level on the K to 12 basic education

program systemic reforms. The school heads’ competency is divided into seven (7)

domains adapted from the National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads

(NCBSSH) of the Department of Education (DepED) such as school leadership,

instructional leadership, creating a student-centered learning climate, human resource

management and professional development, parental involvement and community

partnership, school management and operations, and personal and professional

attributes and interpersonal effectiveness. A 5-point rating scale such as 5 - highly

competent, 4 - very competent, 3 - competent, 2 – moderately competent, and 1 - not

comptent will be used in this study. And lastly, the third part consists of the adapatability

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level of the school heads on K to 12 education systemic reforms which divided into four

(4) dimensions: curriculum, instruction, assessment and administrative management.

Another 5-point rating scale will be applied such as 5 – very high, 4 – high, 3 –

moderate, 2 – low, and 1 – very low to exactly measure the adaptability level of the

school leaders in the elementary schools.

Based on the survey results, correlations will be made in the profile of the

respondents and their competency and adaptability levels on the education systemic

reforms. The findings will also be the basis in crafting the proposed continuing

professional development for school heads.

Data-Gathering Procedure

Having found the research instruments valid and reliable, the researcher will

secure written permission and approval from the Office of the Schools Division

Superintendent of the DepED Camarines Sur and, will seek another approval from the

Public Schools District Supervisors (PSDSs) where the respondents are employed.

Once permitted by the superintendent and supervisor, the researcher will now administer

the research instruments to 134 school head-respondents in the First Congressional

District which includes Cabusao, Del Gallego, Ragay, Lupi, Sipocot North and Sipocot

South.

The retrieval of the questionnaire will be done the following week after its

distribution in the subjects of the study. The assistance of the district and school

research and development coordinators will be sought to facilitate the collection of data

most specially in the unreach or far flung barangay schools. However, if there are

unforeseen events or circumstances that impede the distribution and retrieval of the

questionnaires, agreement and adjustment will be made between the researcher and

respondents as to the time frame of the survey. Nonetheless, the convenience,

accessibility and security of the researcher and respondents will be in utmost

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consideration in the data collection process. Thus, the percentage of retrieved

questionnaire will also be indicated in this study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical tools to be used in analyzing and interpreting the data and

null hypothesis of the study include frequency, percentage, ranking, weighted

mean and Person product moment coefficient of correlation (Pearson r).

Frequency Distribution. This will be utilized to count the number of responses of

the school head-respondents in demographic profile such age, gender, position, highest

educational attainment, number of years as school head and trainings attended, and

their competency and adaptability levels on the K to 12 basic education program

systemic reforms. A tally sheet will be constructed along the variables considered in this

research. And the frequency distribution will be used to compute for the weighted mean,

percentage, and in ranking the variables.

Percentage. This is obtained by dividing the frequency with the sample size

number of population then multiplies the quotient by 100. This will used in coverting to

pecent the frequencies got from the survey on the demographic profile of the

respondents. The formula is:

f Where: P = percentage
P= x 100
N f = frequency
N = total number of frequency/population

Ranking. This will be employed to describe the order of data obtained in this

research. It is typically arranged from highest to lowest or vice versa. After converting

frequencies into percentage the profile of the respondents, and into weighted mean the

statistical data acquired in the survey regarding the competency and adaptability level;

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these will be ranked for simple and clear analysis and interpretation of the gathered-

data.

Weighted Mean. This will be used to gauge the school heads’ competency level

along with the seven (7) domains of NCBSSH and their adaptability level in terms of

curriculum, instruction, assessment and administrative management wherein these will

be interpreted using 5-point rating scale with adjectival equivalents.

´ = Xi ¿ i
× Where:
´ = mean
×
Xi = assumed mean
f = frequency
d = deviation
i = interval
The measuring or rating scales to be used are as follows:

For Competency Level:

Scale / Criterion Descriptor/s

5 Highly Competent Extensively possesses the competence.
4 Very Competent Deliberately possesses the competence.
3 Competent Adequately possesses the competence.
2 Moderately Competent Impartially possesses the competence.
1 Not Competent Do not possess the competence.

For Adaptability Level:

Scale / Criterion Descriptor/s

5 Very High Substantially exceeds the adaptability level.
4 High Clearly exceeds the adaptability level.
3 Moderate Satisfactorily meets the adaptability level.
2 Low Barely meets the adaptability level.
1 Very Low Below minimum adaptability level.

Person Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson r). This is

frequently-used to test association or relationship or relationship between two variables.

Hence, this statistical tool will be utilized to measure the correlations of the school

heads’ demographic profile and their competency and adaptability levels on the K to 12

basic education systemic reforms.

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 r – Pearson r
N – Total number of population
ƩY – Summation of Y or variable Y
ƩX – Summation of X or variable X
ƩXY – Summation of X and Y or variable X and Y
ƩX² - Summation of squared variable X
ƩY² - Summation of squared variable Y
End Notes

Bueno, D.C. (2016). Introduction to statistics (Concepts and application in research).

Quezon City: Great Books Trading.

Calmorin, L.P. & Calmorin, M.A. (2007). Research methods and thesis writing. 2nd ed.,
Quezon City: Rex Book Store.

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