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Lecture 5

Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type together in memory. A one-dimensional array stores elements in a linear list, accessed by index. A two-dimensional array stores elements in a grid, accessed by row and column indices. Arrays must be declared with a size and elements accessed using indices within bounds. Arrays can be initialized manually or with a loop. Multidimensional arrays generalize this to grids of any number of dimensions.

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Anshuman Ghughutiyal
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7 views

Lecture 5

Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type together in memory. A one-dimensional array stores elements in a linear list, accessed by index. A two-dimensional array stores elements in a grid, accessed by row and column indices. Arrays must be declared with a size and elements accessed using indices within bounds. Arrays can be initialized manually or with a loop. Multidimensional arrays generalize this to grids of any number of dimensions.

Uploaded by

Anshuman Ghughutiyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Programming

(FCCS002 )
Semester 1, Section 2
UNIT-II Arrays and
Pointers
Topic: Arrays
Arrays: Introduction
main( )
{
int x ;
x=5;
x = 10 ;

printf ( "\n x = %d", x ) ;


}
• per = { 48, 88, 34, 23, 96 }

• Thus, an array is a collection of similar elements.


• These similar elements could be all ints, or all floats, or all chars, etc.
A Simple Program Using Array
Array Declaration
• type var_name[size];
• int marks[30] ;
• double balance[100];

• The amount of storage required to hold an array is directly related to


its type and size.
• For a single dimension array, the total size in bytes is computed as
shown here:
• total bytes = sizeof(base type) ×length of array
Accessing Elements of an Array
• Entering Data into an Array
• Reading Data from an Array
A Simple Program Using Array
Array Initialisation
Array Elements in Memory
• Consider the following array declaration:
int arr[8] ;
Bounds Checking
Strings
• In C, a string is a null-terminated character array. (A null is zero.)
• Thus, a string contains the characters that make up the string followed by a
null.
• The null-terminated string is the only type of string defined by C.
• When declaring a character array that will hold a string, you need to declare it
to be one character longer than the largest string that it will hold.
• For example, to declare an array str that can hold a 10-character string, you
would write
• char str[11];
• Specifying 11 for the size makes room for the null at the end of the string.
• C supports a wide range of functions that manipulate strings. The most
common are listed here:

• These functions use the standard header <string.h>


Two-Dimensional Arrays
• C supports multidimensional arrays.
• The simplest form of the multidimensional array is the two
dimensional array.
• A two-dimensional array is, essentially, an array of one-dimensional
arrays.
• To declare a two-dimensional integer array d of size 10,20, you would
write
• int d[10][20];
• Similarly, to access point 1,2 of array d, you would use d[1] [2]
• Here is a sample program that stores roll number and marks obtained by a
student side by side in a matrix.
• scanf ( "%d %d", &stud[i][0], &stud[i][1] ) ;
Initialising a 2-Dimensional Array
Memory Map of a 2-Dimensional
Array

printf ( "Marks of third student = %d", stud[2][1] ) ;


• The following
example loads a
two-dimensional
array with the
numbers 1 through
12 and prints them
row by row
Multidimensional Arrays
• type name[Size1][Size2][Size3] . . .[SizeN];

• int m[4][3][6][5];
Three-Dimensional
Array

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