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Test Code: BS-ECOLGY04

Course: Major - Biological Science
Topic: Ecology
No. of Easy Questions: 25
No. of Average Questions: 0
No. of Difficult Questions: 0
Total No. of Items: 25
Time Limit: 18.75 minutes

0 minute(s) and 7 seconds

1 - What kind of biome is prevalent in the equatorial zone of the earth, to which our
country belongs?

         Freshwater
         Tropical rainforest
         Tundra
         Taiga

2 - Which of the following would represent an ecosystem?

         A pond
         A prairie
         all of these
         A lake

3 - What can you see at the top of Mt. Pulag?

         Park
         Forest
         Grassland
         Rice field
 4 - What is the most significant diverse ecosystem?

         Tropical rain forest

         Tundra
         Taiga
         Savanna

5 - What type of ecological succession when there is a sequence of changes that

takes place after a community is disrupted by a volcanic eruption?

         Primary succession

         Quaternary Succession
         Tertiary Succession
         Secondary Succession

6 - Which type of organism is not shown in the food chain? Grass--- mouse---
snakes---- hawk

         Producers
         Decomposers
         Carnivore
         Herbivore

7 - Tundra means ____.

         coniferous
         dry
         treeless
         cold
 8 - What is the major role of decomposer in an ecosystem?

         Clean the environment

         Act as pollutants
         Make the soil fertile
         Recycle nutrients

9 - Which biome grows tropical grassland with scattered individual trees and large
herbivores?

         Rain forest

         Grassland
         Tundra
         Savanna

10 - What relationship exist between and a bangus and tilapia in the fishpond?

         commensalisms
         predation
         competition
         mutualism

11 - The use of products with _____________ is discourage because they contribute

to the depletion of _________.

         gas - ozone

         ozone - air
         CFC's - ozone layer
         CFC's - solar radiation

12 - What factors do demographers used in studying population?

         Immigration
         Migration
         Cohort
         Birth and death rates

13 - Which of the following would be a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

         bacteria
         temperature
         soil
         rainfall

14 - Which type of organism can obtain energy directly from any of the other
organisms in an ecosystem?

         herbivore
         producer
         carnivore
         decomposer

15 - The area inhabited by a population is known as its.

         Growth rate

         Geographic range
         Population density
         Age structure

16 - Which of the following include the others?

         Ecosystem
         Individual community
         Population
         Individual
 17 - Which of these is a correct food chain?

         Cow Man

         Cow >grass>man

         Man<grass<="" td="" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
         Man >cow >grass

18 - Which component of a stable ecosystem cannot be recycled?

         oxygen
         energy
         water
         nitrogen

19 - Which of the following criterion is used to distinguish between two species?

         Reproduction
         Geography
         Physical traits
         Time

20 - The water in an estuary is

         fresh water only.

         salt water only.
         brackish water.
         poor in nutrients.
 21 - What type of ecological succession when there is colonization of barren land by
pioneer organisms?

         Primary Succession

         Tertiary Succession
         Quaternary Succession
         Secondary Succession

22 - Which of the following is considered as a primary producer?

         zooplanktons
         an amoeboid
         an earthworm
         phytoplankton

23 - Which pair of terms will most likely apply to the same organism?

         Autotroph, parasite

         Producer, predator
         Heterotroph, herbivore
         Heterotroph, autotroph

24 - Which ecological unit or relationship is least related to abiotic factors?

         community
         symbiosis
         population
         species

25 - Which of the following is a heterotroph?

         Moss
         Algae
         Fern
         Grasshopper

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Test Code: BS-ECOLGY05

Course: Major - Biological Science
Topic: Ecology
No. of Easy Questions: 1
No. of Average Questions: 24
No. of Difficult Questions: 0
Total No. of Items: 25
Time Limit: 24.75 minutes

0 minute(s) and 14 seconds

1 - Pollution has become major problem largely because of the

         Use pf renewable resources

         Abundance of natural resources
         Dependence on fossil fuels
         Decrease in energy resources

2 - A demographer studying a population of a particular organism would be least

likely to be engaged in which of the following?

         estimating how long an individual of a given age will live

         studying courtship behavior between males and females
         measuring birth and death rates
         sampling the population and determining the sex ratio

3 - Density-dependent limiting factors include

I. Competition
II. Predation
III. Herbivory
IV. Disease

         I,II
         I,II,III
         I,II,III,IV
         I

4 - Predation is a relationship exemplified by ___.

         A hunter shooting a duck in the forest and having it for dinner.
         A clownfish living within a sea anemone.
         An orchid attached to the trunk of a Narra tree.
         A tapeworm living in the gastrointestinal tract of a toddler.

5 - A general characteristic of species is that

         None of the above

         Members all live in the same location
         Members cannot produce hybrids with other species
         Members are the same color and shape

6 - A new island formed by volcanic action may eventually become populated with
biotic communities as a result of _____.

         a decrease in the amount of organic material present

         the lack of abiotic factors in the area
         the process of ecological succession
         decreased levels of carbon dioxide in the area

7 - Choose from among these heterotrophs organism that feed on partialy

decomposed tissues of plants and animals

         Autotrophs
         Detrivores
         Herbivores
         Carnivores

8 - ‘Biodiversity’ is described as _____.

         The range of different species in an environment

         The way species differ from one another
         The seasonal and daily changes in an environment
         The influence of physical factors on an environment

9 - A population in an area includes all the___

         Living things in relation to their environment

         Members of the same phylum
         Members of the same species
         Living things

10 - Food web

         is made to easily understand the nutrient cycle.

         shows the animals and other biotic components in an ecosystem.
         is a complex food chain.
         shows the number of organisms in a habitat.
 11 - "How does the foraging of animals on tree seeds affect the distribution and
abundance of the trees?" This question

         is difficult to answer because a long-term experiment would be required.

         is a valid ecological question.
         is difficult to answer because a large experimental area would be required.
         All are correct.

12 - Acid rain occurs when _________.

         sulfur released in burning fossil fuels combines with water in the atmosphere.
         phosphorus-rich water in lakes evaporates to form phosphoric acid.
         excess hydrogen is released into the atmosphere to produce acids.
         carbon dioxide combines with water in the atmosphere.

13 - Shown below is a simple food web in a grassy community. The arrow symbol
means eaten by. What would happen if all snakes are killed?
Grass>Grasshopper>Frog>Snake
Bird>Snake

         Bird and frog populations would increase.

         Grasshopper population would increase.
         Grass population would increase.
         Grasshopper and bird populations would increase.

14 - Landscape ecology is best described as the study of _____.

         abiotic factors and the community of species that exist in a particular area.
         the array of interacting species within a community.
         physiological and behavioral ways in which organisms meet the challenges of their
environment.
         related arrays of ecosystems.
 15 - In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug live on the side of a decaying
tree trunk. The fungus digests and absorbs materials from the tree, while the slug
eats algae growing on the outside of the trunk. These organisms do not compete
with one another because they occupy _____.

         different habitats and different niches

         the same niche and the same habitat
         the same niche, but different habitats
         the same habitat, but different niches

16 - A hypothetical ecosystem contains lettuce, a caterpillar, a small passerine bird

and a lion. A gardener arrives and sprays pesticide, killing all the caterpillars. What
can happen to the ecosystem?

         The lions will eventually die.

         The passerine bird will survive.
         The lettuce will wilt and die.
         The passerine bird will convert to herbivores.

17 - Primary producers are organisms that _____.

         rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply
         obtain energy by eating only plants
         consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter
         use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules into
complex organic molecules

18 - Years after the lava from an erupting volcano destroyed an area, grasses
started to grow in that area. The grasses were gradually replaced by shrubs,
evergreen trees, and finally, by a feedback _____.

         deforestation
         ecological succession
         reforestation
         plant preservation

19 - Life tables are useful in determining which of the following?

I. carrying capacity
II. mortality rates
III. the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives

         II only

         II and III only
         III only
         I and III only

20 - Introduced species

         often fail to colonize the new area.

         All are correct.
         may become common enough to become pests.
         can disrupt the balance of the natural species with which they become associated.

21 - Abiotic factors that could affect the stability of an ecosystem could include
_____.

         hurricanes, packs of wolves, and temperature

         blizzards, heat waves, and swarms of grasshoppers
         species of fish, number of decomposers, and supply of algae
         droughts, floods, and heat waves

22 - Important abiotic factors in ecosystems include which of the following?

I. temperature
II. water
III. wind

         I only
         III only
         I, II, and III
         II and III only

23 - Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms

         with each other and their habitat.

         and the food they eat.
         with each other and their physical environment
         and their communities.

24 - Abiotic factors that characterize a forest ecosystem include _____.

         temperature and amount of available water

         light and biodiversity
         types of producers and decomposers
         pH and number of heterotrophs

25 - A stable ecosystem would not contain _____.

         decomposers
         materials being cycled
         consumers without producers
         a constant source of energy

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Test Code: BS-ECOLGY06

Course: Major - Biological Science
Topic: Ecology
No. of Easy Questions: 0
No. of Average Questions: 25
No. of Difficult Questions: 0
Total No. of Items: 25
Time Limit: 25 minutes

0 minute(s) and 9 seconds

1 - Two organism can be identified at belong to the same species if they can:

         Survive together in nature

         Breed in natural setting
         Tolerate one another in nature
         Eat the same kind of food

2 - Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure
and organization of biological communities?

         nutrient availability, soil pH, light intensity

         precipitation, wind, temperature
         Temperature, predation
         predation, competition, disease

3 - The size of a mouse population in a natural ecosystem tends to remain relatively

constant due to _____.

         cycling of energy

         increased numbers of decomposers
         the lack of natural predators
         the carrying capacity of the environment
 4 - Which BEST describes the climax stage of an ecological succession?

         Represents initial phases of evolution

         Populated only by plants
         It rapidly changes from season to season
         It persist until drastic changes occur

5 - What is a possible consequence of eutrophication?

         Less turbidity of water

         Water that is colorless and odorless
         Significantly diminished sea harvest by fishermen
         Decreased toxicity of bodies of water

6 - Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in human population?

I. Immigration II. Emigration
III. Natality IV. Mortality

         III and IV

         I only
         I and III
         II and III

7 - Which of the following activities help reduce water pollution?

         Use of soap and detergents

         Treating waste water to prior to discharge
         Desalination of sea water to potable water
         Setting up flood control system
 8 - The producers in ecosystems include which of the following?
I. prokaryotes
II. algae
III. plants

         I and II only

         III only
         I, II, and III
         I and III only

9 - Which of the following are correct statements about light in aquatic

environments?
I. Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light.
II. Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably utilize red light.
III. Light intensity is an important abiotic factor in limiting the distribution of
photosynthetic organisms.

         I only
         I and III only
         II only
         II and III only

10 - What kind of relationship exists when organism kills and eats another
organism?

         Commensalism
         Scavenging
         Parasitism
         Predation

11 - The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time

         Genome
         Gene pool
         Genes
         Genomics

12 - The reason that organisms cannot produce populations of unlimited size is that
____.

         species rarely compete with one another

         the resources of Earth are finite
         there is no carrying capacity on Earth
         interactions between organisms are unchanging

13 - Which factor would have the greatest effect on the flow of energy into an
ecosystem?

         a small decrease in the amount of minerals available

         a large increase in the number of carnivores
         a large decrease in the amount of sunlight available
         a small increase in the number of decomposers

14 - What is the disposal area where the solid wastes are deposited, spread in
layers, compacts and covered with soil daily?

         Open dump

         Recycling dump
         Incinerator
         Sanitary landfill

15 - Which of the following best demonstrate the greenhouse principle?

         A vehicle with rolled-up windows

         A microwave
         A heated aquarium
         A solar battery-powered calculator
 16 - Which of the following describes the effects of a density dependent limiting
factor?

         Rabbits multiply, and their food supply begins to dwindle

         Drought decimates a wheat crop
         Early rainfall triggers the explosion of a locust population
         A forest fire kills all the pine trees in a patch of forest

17 - Some of the energy taken in by an organism is not available to other organisms

in a food web. Energy that is not available to other organisms in a food web is
energy that is _____.

         stored in eggs produced during sexual reproduction

         lost to the environment as heat
         stored in the remains of a dead animal
         produced in muscle tissue during the growth of an organism

18 - Which is the property of a particular species living in a particular setting together

with the role it plays in relation with other species?

         Community
         Population
         Habitat
         Niche

19 - Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship?

         Humans and their pets living in the same house

         Plants growing in the same rolling meadow
         Wolves working together to hunt in a pack
         Weeds clinging to the roots of trees in your backyards
 20 - What is the natural phenomenon on wherein there is continuous movement of
water from the source to the atmosphere and back?

         Hydrogen cycle

         Carbon cycle
         Hydrologic cycle
         Mineral cycle

21 - Some bloodsucking insects insert their mouthparts directly into a blood vessel
and withdraw blood. Other bloodsucking insects have mouthparts that cut through
the skin and blood vessels and produce a small pool of blood from which they feed.
Both mouthpart types are specialized for _____.

         autotrophic nutrition

         regulation
         heterotrophic nutrition
         excretion

22 - These are plant or animals that were first to populate a previous ecosystem

         Early population

         Climax community
         Serial occupants
         Pioneer species

23 - The arrows in a food chain show:

         The movement of energy between organisms

         The route of food to the shops
         Heat energy being lost
         Who needs food
 24 - To lessen vehicular air pollution, the government should?

         ask pedestrians to use bicycles.

         impose stiffer penalties on decade old vehicles
         utilize rail transits like MRT and LRT
         ban smoke - belchers on the roads

25 - What kind of relationship is exhibited by algae and fungi in lichen?

         Symbiosis
         Competition
         Commensalism
         Parasitism

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Test Code: BS-ECOLGY07

Course: Major - Biological Science
Topic: Ecology
No. of Easy Questions: 0
No. of Average Questions: 9
No. of Difficult Questions: 16
Total No. of Items: 25
Time Limit: 29 minutes

0 minute(s) and 5 seconds

 1 - Why are the top predators in food chains most severely affected by pesticides
such as DDT?

         They can’t adapt in the environment full of DDT

         Top predators are killed directly by pesticides
         Their prey become resistant to DDT, so they are the most affected
         The pesticides become concentrated on their prey

2 - Zebra mussel populations are growing explosively in the river systems of the
central United States. The best explanation for this unchecked population growth is
that _____.

         a mutation caused by pollution has increased their reproductive rate

         they are better adapted to the environment than competing species
         predators are too few to slow down population growth of the mussels
         they muddy the water around them, making it difficult for their natural enemies to see
them

3 - Which of the following sentences about greenhouse effect is INCORRECT?

         Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere which are returned to the earth’s surface.
         Greenhouse effect is due to gases that absorb the green region of light from the sun.
         Greenhouse effect is important in maintaining the temperature of the earth.
         Greenhouse effect increases the overall surface temperature of the earth.

4 - A species of fish lived in a lake. When a dam was constructed in the area, a
group of fish was separated and populated a new pond. Then they developed
differing characteristics and became a district species. Which of the following
concepts explain this speciation

         Episodic isolation

         Geographical isolation
         Chronoscopic isolation
         Behavioral isolation
 5 - One season, there was a shortage of producers in a food web. As a result, the
number of wild boars and deer decreased. The reason that both the deer and wolf
populations declined is that _____.

         producers are not as important as consumers in a food web

         more consumers than producers are needed to support the food web
         organisms in this food web are interdependent
         populations tend to stay constant in a food web

6 - Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in town’s human

population?

         Immigration and mortality

         Emigration and natality
         Immigration and natality
         Emigration and mortality

7 - Which statement best describes the climax stage of an ecological succession?

         Represents initial stages of evolution

         Persists until there are drastic changes
         Populated only by plants
         Will change from season to season

8 - Who wrote the “Principles of Geology”?

         Lyell
         Darwin
         Cuvier
         Malthus
 9 - Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence
from most to least inclusive?

         individual, population, community, ecosystem

         ecosystem, community, population, individual
         community, ecosystem, individual, population
         population, ecosystem, individual, community

10 - What will most likely occur if two different plant species compete for the same
requirements in an ecosystem?

         They will usually develop different requirements.

         They will alter the environment so that they can both survive in that ecosystem.
         One species may adapt to a different environment.
         One species may be eliminated from that ecosystem.

11 - Why is it difficult to dispose off high level nuclear waste?

         They have long half lives

         They have short half lives
         They are large and bulky
         They emit radiation

12 - According to the concept of competitive exclusion

         Two species cannot share the same niche in a community

         Two-species cannot coexist in the same habitat
         Intraspecific competition results in the success of the best-adapted individuals
         Extinction or emmigration is the only possible result of competitive interactions

13 - Which of the following statements about human birth and death rates in
 populations is correct?

         Death rates are highest in middle-aged adults, whereas the birth rates are highest in
teenagers.
         Death rates are highest in newborns and in the elderly, whereas birth rates are highest in
20-year-olds.
         Both death rates and birth rates are highest in teenagers.
         Death rates are highest in the elderly, whereas birth rates are highest in newborns.

14 - Which of the following sea creature might be described a pelagic animal of the
aphotic zone

         A deep-sea squid

         A coral reef fish
         A giant clam near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent
         An intertidal snail

15 - Which of the following would not be included in a description of an organism’s

niche?

         its number of chromosomes

         mating season
         the species’ preferred humidity and temperature
         its trophic level

16 - Decomposers are important in the environment because they _____.

         release heat from large molecules so that the heat can be recycled through the
ecosystem
         convert large molecules into simpler molecules that can then be recycled
         can take in carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen
         convert molecules of dead organisms into permanent biotic parts of an ecosystem
 17 - Below represents a process that occurs in nature.

Bedrock – Mosses – Grasses – Shrubs – Forest

This can be used to illustrate the _____.

         ecological succession from bare rock to stable ecosystem

         effect of human intervention on a stable ecosystem
         effects of reduced competition between different types of plant life
         evolution of mosses to trees over 200 years

18 - You are working for the Environmental Protection Agency considering the effect
of a potentially toxic chemical in drinking water. There is as yet no documented
scientific evidence against the chemical, but many suspect it to be a health hazard.
Using the Precautionary Principle, what would be a reasonable environmental
policy?

         Establish a contingency fund to handle insurance claims in the event that the chemical
turns out to produce negative health effects.
         Set the acceptable levels conservatively low, and keep them there unless future studies
show that they can be safely raised.
         Establish no regulations until there are conclusive scientific studies.
         Caution individuals to use their own judgment in deciding whether to drink water from
a potentially contaminated area.

19 - In December 2004, a tsunami destroyed many of the marine organisms along
the coast of the Indian Ocean. What can be expected to happen to the ecosystem
that wasmost severely hit by the tsunami?

         Ecological succession will no longer occur in this marine ecosystem.

         The organisms in the ecosystem will become extinct.
         The ecosystem will change until a new stable community is established.
         Succession will continue in the ecosystem until one species of marine organism is
established.
 20 - Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge
of biology.

Alaska: Anchorage — Birders noted a sharp increase in European starlings in

the 2005 Anchorage Christmas Bird Count. The sometimes-aggressive species is
relatively new to Alaska. Only three starlings were spotted during the 1995
Christmas bird count. Last year, there were 35. This year, birders counted 156.

The change in the starling population in Anchorage from 1995 to 2005 could have
been due to the presence of _____.

         very few flowering plants

         a wide variety of predators
         a large population of competing species
         an abundant food supply

21 - All of the following statements about ecology are correct, except:

         Ecology is a discipline that is independent from natural selection and evolutionary
history.
         Ecologists may study populations and communities of organisms.
         Ecology spans increasingly comprehensive levels of organization, from individuals to
ecosystems.
         Ecology is the study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic aspects of the
environment.

22 - Which statement best describes the flow of energy and the movement of
chemical compounds in an ecosystem?

         Energy is transferred from organism to organism in a food chain and chemical
compounds are recycled.
         Energy flows into living organisms and remains there, while chemical compounds are
transferred from organism to organism.
         Chemical compounds flow in one direction in a food chain and energy is produced.
         Energy flows out of living organisms and is lost, while chemical compounds remain
permanently inside organisms.
 23 - Which of the following is NOT included in density-independent factors?
I. Hurricanes
II. Droughts
III. Disease
IV. Wildfires

         III
         I
         III, IV
         II

24 - Which of the following best explains why farmers burn rice straw and hull during
seasons of harvest?

         Burning rice hulls and straws produce compounds that act as repellant for pests which
may damage plantation.
         The smoke produced by burning rice hulls and straws stimulate growth and fruit
bearing of trees.
         Ash from burnt rice hulls and straws are rich in compounds that could neutralize acidic
soil so that more crops will grow
         Rice hulls and straws are burned so that more spaces will be available for planting next
set of crops.

25 - Why is it difficult to integrate nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into the nitrogen
cycle of the biosphere?

         Nitrogen is very abundant in the atmosphere

         Oceans quickly absorb nitrogen gas
         Few organisms can directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen
         Living organisms quickly absorb nitrogen gas

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