Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Book Name: Selina Concise

Solution 1:
(i) False
The sum A + B is possible when the order of both the matrices A and B are same.
(ii) True
(iii) False
Transpose of a 2 × 1 matrix is a 1 × 2 matrix.
(iv) True
(v) False
A column matrix has only one column and many rows.

Solution 2:
If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal. Therefore, we have:
x = 3,
y+2=1⇒y=−1
z−1=2⇒z=3

Solution 3:
If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal.
(i)
a + 5 = 2 ⇒ a = −3
− 4 = b + 4 ⇒b = −8
2=c−1⇒c=3
(ii) a= 3
a − b = −1
⇒b=a+1=4
b+c=2
⇒ c = 2 − b = 2 − 4 = −2

Solution 4:
(i)A  B  8  3  4  5  8  4 3  5  12  8

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

(ii)B  A   4  5  8  3
 4  8  5  3
  4  2

Solution 5:
 1   6   1  6  7 
(i) B  C          
 4   2  4  2 2
2  6  2  6   4 
(ii) A  C          
5   2 5  2  7 
 2   1  6 
(iii) A  B  C         
5   4   2
 2  1  6   3 
  
5  4  2   11
 2   1  6 
(iv) A  B  C         
5   4   2
 2  1 6   7 
  
5  4  2  1

Solution 6:
12  1 2   1  1 2  2  0 0 
(i)    
34   1 7  3  1 4  7   4 3 
2 3 4  0 2 3   2  0 3  2 4  3   2 1 1
(ii)      
5 6 7  6 1 0  5  6 6  1 7  0   1 7 7 
(iii) Addition is not possible, because both matrices are not of same order.

Solution 7:
 5 2   1 x  1  4 7 
(i)   
 3   3 2
 1 y  1 2
 5 1 2  x  1  4 7 
 
 1  2 y  1  3   3 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 4 3  x   4 7
 
 3 y  2   3 2 
Equating the corresponding elements, we get,
3 − x = 7 and y + 2 = 2
Thus, we get, x = − 4 and y = 0.
(ii)
 8 x    y  2   3 2
  8  y x  2   3 2
Equating the corresponding elements, we get,
−8 + y = −3 and x − 2 =2
Thus, we get, x = 4 and y = 5.

Solution 8:
 5 3 
M  
 2 4 
 5 2 
Mt   
 3 4 

 5 3   5 2  5  5  3  2  10 5 
(i)M  Mt     
 2 4   3 4   2  3 4  4   5 8 

 5 2  5 3   5 5 2 3   0 1
(i)Mt  M      
 3 4   2 4   3 2 4 4   1 0 

Solution 9:
We know additive inverse of a matrix is its negative.
Additive inverse of A = A   6  5  6 5
 2 0   2 0 
Additive inverse of B = B     
 4 1  4 1
 7   7 
Additive inverse of C = C       
 4   4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 10:
(i) X + B = C – A
X  0 2   1 4  2 3 
X  0 2   1 2 4  3   3 7
X   3 7  0 2   3  0 7  2    3 5 
(ii) A – X = B + C
2 3  X  0 2   1 4
2 3  X  0  1 2  4
2 3  X   1 6
2 3   1 6  X
X  2  1  3  6  3 9

Solution 11:
(i) A + X = B
X=B–A
 3 3   1 0   3  1 3  0   4 3 
X    
 2 0   2 4   2  2 0  4   4 4 
(ii) A – X = B
X=A–B
 1 0   3 3   1 3 0 3   4 3 
X     
 2 4   2 0   2 2 4 0   4 4 
(iii) X – B = A
X=A+B
 1 0   3 3   1 3 0  3  2 3 
X   
 2 4   2 0   2 2 4  0  0 4 

EXERCISE. 9 (B)
Solution 1:
(i) 35 2  15 6

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 2  7 14 
(ii) 7   
 0 1  0 7 
 1 0  3 3   2 0  3 3   2 3 0 3   1 3 
(iii) 2       
 2 3  5 0   4 6  5 0   4 5 6 0  9 6 
3  8   18   16   18 16   34 
(iv) 6    2        
 2  1   12  2   12 2   14 

Solution 2:
(i) 3  4 x   2  y 3  10 0
12 3x   2y 6  10 0
12  2y 3x  6  10 0
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
12 + 2y = 10 and 3x − 6 = 0
Simplifying, we get, y = −1 and x = 2.
 1  2  7 
(ii) x    4     
2  y   8 
  x   8   7 
 2x    4y    8 
     
 x  8   7 
2x  4y    8 
   
Comparing corresponding the elements, we get,
−x + 8 = 7 and 2x − 4y = −8
Simplifying, we get,
5
x = 1 and y = = 2.5
2

Solution 3:
(i) 2A − 3B + C
2 1 1 1 3 1
2 3 
3 0 5 2 0 0
 4 2  3 3   3 1
   
 6 0  15 6   0 0 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 4  3  3 2  3  1
 
6  15  0 0  6  0 
 2 2 
 
 9 6 
(ii) A + 2C – B
2 1 3 1 1 1
 2 
3 0 0 0 5 2
2 1  6 2 1 1
  
3 0  0 0  5 2
2  6  1 1 2  1

305 002
 5 2
 
 2 2

Solution 4:
 4 2   2 2 
 4 0   3A   1 3 
   
 2 2   4 2
3A    
 1 3   4 0 
 2  4 2  2
3A  
 14 3  0 
 6 0 
3A   
 3 3 
1  6 0   2 0 
A  
3  3 3   1 1

Solution 5:
 1 4   4 1  2 8   4 1 2  4 8  1  2 7 
(i) 2       
2 3   3 2  4 6   3 2  4  3 6  2   1 4 
0 0 
(ii) C  B   
0 0 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

0 0  0 0   4 1 0  4 0  1  4 1
C   B      
0 0  0 0   3 2 0  3 0  2  3 2 

Solution 6:
3 x  1 3   z 7 
2  3 
0 1 y 2 15 8 
6 2x   3 9   z 7 
0 2   3y 
6  15 8 
  
 9 2x  9   z 7 
3y 
 8  15 8 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
2x + 9 = −7  2x = −16  x = −8
3y = 15  y = 5
z=9

Solution 7:
 3 6 
A 
 0 9 
 3 0 
At   
 6 9 
i 2A  3A t
 3 6   3 0 
 2  3 
 0 9   6 9 
 6 12   9 0 
  
 0 18  18 27 
 15 12 
 
 18 45 
ii 2A t  3A
 3 0   3 6 
 2  3 
 6 9   0 9 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 6 0   9 18 
  
12 18   0 27 
 3 18 
 
12 9 
1 1
(iii) A  A t
2 3
1  3 6  1  3 0 
  
2  0 9  3  6 9 
 3 
2 3 
 1 0 
  
 0 9   2 3 
 2 
 1 
2 3 
 
 2 3 
 2 
1
(iv) A t 
A
3
  3 0  1  3 6 
   
 6 9  3  0 9 
 3 0   1 2 
  
 6 9   0 3 
 2 2 
 
 6 6 

Solution 8:
i
X  2A  B
X  B  2A
2 1  1 1
X   2 
1 1   2 0 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 1  2 2
X  
 1 1   4 0 
0 3 
X 
5 1 
ii 3X  B  2A  O
3X   2A  B
 1 1 2 1
3x  2   
 2 0   1 1 
 2 2 2 1
3x   
4 0   1 1 
 4 1
3x  
3 1
 4 1
3 3
x 
 1 1
 3 
iii 3A  2X  X  2B
3A  2B  X  2X
3X  3A  2B
 1 1 2 1
3x  3    2 
 2 0  1 1 
 3 3   4 2
3x    
 6 0   2 2 
 7 1
3x   
 4 2
7 1
3 3
x 
 4 2
 3 3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 9:
3M  5N
0   1
 3  5 
 1 0 
0  5 
  
3  0 
5 
 
3 

Solution 10:
 1 0 
iM  2I  3  
 4 1
 1 0 
M  3   2I
 4 1
 1 0  1 0
M  3   2 
 4 1  0 1
 3 0   2 0 
M  
12 3  0 2
 1 0 
M 
12 5 
 2 5 
ii
5M  3I  4  
 0 3 
 2 5 
5M  4    3I
 0 3 
2 5  1 0
5M  4   3 
0 3   0 1
8 20  3 0 
5M    
0 12  0 3 
5 20 
5M   
0 15 
1 5 20   1 4 
M  
5 0 15  0 3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 11:
 1 4 3 2 
 2 3   2M  3 0 3 
   
9 6   1 4  8 2 
 2M       
0 9   2 3  2 12 
4 1 
M  
 1 6 

EXERCISE. 9 (C)

Solution 1:
2
(i) 3 2     6  0    6 
0 
 2 3 
(ii) 1 2     2  2 3  8   0 5 
 1 4 

6 4   1  6  12  6 
(iii)       
3 1  3   3  3   6 
6 4 
(iv)    1 3 
3 1
The number of columns in the first matrix is not equal to the number of rows in the second
matrix. Thus, the product is not possible.

Solution 2:
0 2   1 1
(i) AB    
5 2 3 2 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

0  6 0  4 
 
5  6 5  4 
6 4 
 
 1 9 
 1 1 0 2 
(ii)BA    
3 2  5 2
 0  5 2  2
 
0  10 6  4 
 5 4 
 
10 2 
0 2   1 0 
(iii) AI    
5 2 0 1
0  0 0  2 
 
5  0 0  2 
0 2 
 5 2   A
 
 1 0   1 1
(iv) IB    
0 1 3 21
 1  0 1  0 
 
0  3 0  2 
 1 1
3 2   B
 
0 2  0 2 
(v) A 2    
5 2  5 2 
0  10 0  4 
 
0  10 10  4 
 10 4 
 
 10 14 
 1 1  1 1
(vi)B2    
3 2  3 2 
 1  3 1  2 
 
3  6 3  4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 2 3 

9 1 
 2 3  0 2 
B2 A  
9 1  5 2
0  15 4  6 
 
 0  5 18  2 
 15 2 
 
 5 16 

Solution 3:
2 1 
M 
 1 2 
 2 1   2 1   4  1 2  2  5 0 
M2      
 1 2  1 2  2  2 1  4  0 5 
2 1  5 0  10  0 0  5  10 5 
M3  MM2      
 1 2 0 5   5  0 0  10   5 10 
5 0  10 5  50  0 25  0  50 25 
M5  M2 .M3      
0 5   5 10  0  25 0  50  25 50 

Solution 4:
 4 3x  5   y 
(i)      
 x 2  1 8 
 20  3x   y 
 5x  2   8 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
5x − 2 = 8  x = 2
20 + 3x = y  y = 20 + 6 = 26
 x 0   1 1  2 2 
(ii)    
 3 1 0 y   3 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 x0 x0   2 2 
 3  0 3  y    3 2
   
x x  2 2
 3 3  y    3 2
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
x=2
−3 + y = −2  y = 1

Solution 5:
 1 3   1 2   1  12 2  9  13 11
(i) AB      
2 4   4 3  2  16 4  12  18 16 
13 11  4 3   52  11 39  22  63 61
(AB)C      
18 16   1 2 72  16 54  32  88 86 

1 2  4 3   4  2 3  4   6 7 
(ii)BC    
4 3   1 2 16  3 12  6  19 18 
1 3   6 7   6  57 7  54  63 61
A(BC)    
2 4  19 18  12  76 14  72  88 86 

Solution 6:
0 1
0 4 6  
(i) AB     1 2 
3 0 1  5 6 

0  4  30 0  8  36 

 005 3  0  6 
 34 28 

 5 9 
0 1
0 4 6 
(ii) BA   1 2  
3 0 1
 5 6  

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 03 00 0 1 

  0  6 4  0 6  2 
0  18 20  0 30  6 
 3 0 1 

 6 4 8 
 18 20 24 
(iii) Product AA (=A2) is not possible as the number of columns of matrix A is not equal to its
number of rows.

Solution 7:
2 1
 1 2 1 
(i) AB     3 2
2 1 3   1 1
 
 2  6  1 1 4  1 
 
4  3  3 2  2  3
 3 2 
 
10 7 
(ii) Product BA is possible
2 1
 1 2 1
BA  3 2 
 2 1 3 
 1 1
 2  2 4  1 2  3 
 3  4 6  2 3  6 
 1  2 2  1 1  3 
 4 3 5 
 7 4 9 
3 1 4 

Solution 8:
 1 2  1 2
M2    
 2 1  2 1 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

1  4 2  2
 
2  2 4  1
5 4 
 
4 5 
 1 2 1 0
2M  3I  2   3 
 2 1  0 1
 2 4  3 0 
  
 4 2  0 3 
5 4 
 
4 5 
Hence, M2 = 2M + 3I.

Solution 9:
0 b  a 0 
BA    
 1 0  0 2 
0  0 0  2b 
 
a  0 0  0 
0 2b 
 
a 0 
1 1 1 1
M2    
1 1  1 1 
1  1 1  1
 
1  1 1  1
 0 2 
 
2 0 
Given, BA  M2
0 2b  0 2
a 0    2 0 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
a=2
−2b = −2 ⟹ b = 1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 10:
 4 1  1 0  3 1
(i) A  B     
 2 3   2 1  4 2
 4 1  4 1 
(ii) A 2    
2 3 2 3
16  2 4  3 
 
 8  6 2  9
18 7 
 
14 11
 4 1  1 0 
(iii) AB    
 2 3   2 1
 4  2 0  1
 
2  6 0  3 
 2 1
 
 4 3 
(iv) A 2  AB  2B
18 7   2 1  1 0
    2 
14 11  4 3  2 1
16 6   2 0
 
18 8   4 2
18 6 
 
14 10 

Solution 11:
1 4   1 2  2 6 
(i) A  B     
1 3   1 1 0 4 
2 6  2 6 
(A  B)2    
0 4  0 4 
 4  0 12  24 
 
0  0 0  16 
 4 12 
 
 0 16 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

1 4  1 4 
(ii) A 2    
1 3  1 3 
1  4 4  12 
 
1  3 4  9 
 5 8 
 2 13 
 
 1 2  1 2 
B2    
 1 1  1 1
 1 2 2  2 
 
 1  1 2  1
 1 0 
 
 0 1
 5 8   1 0 
A 2  B2    
 2 13   0 1
 4 8 
 
 2 12 
(iii) Clearly, (A + B)2 ≠ A2 + B2

Solution 12:
1
B2  B  A
2
1
A  B2  B
2

A  2 B2  B 
2 1 2 1
B2    
0 1 0 1
 4  0 2  1
 
0  0 0  1
4 3
 
 0 1
 4 3  2 1
B2  B    
0 1 0 1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 2
 
0 0 

 A  2 B2  B 
2 2  4 4 
 2  
0 0   0 0 

Solution 13:
 1 1
A 
 a b
 1 1  1 1
A2    
 a b  a b
 1 a 1  b 
 2
 a  ab a  b 

It is given that A2 = I.

 1 a 1  b   1 0 
  2 
 a  ab a  b  0 1
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
1+a=1
Therefore, a = 0
−1 + b = 0
Therefore, b = 1

Solution 14:
2 3 1 4  3 7 
(i) B  C    
4 1 0 2   4 3 
2 1  3 7
A(B  C)  
0 0   4 3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

6  4 14  3  10 17 
 
 0 0   0 0 
2 1  2 3   4  4 6  1 8 7 
AB    
0 0   4 1  0 0  0 0 
2 1  1 4   2  0 8  2 2 10 
AC    
0 0  0 2   0 0  0 0 
8 7  2 10  10 17 
AB  AC     
0 0  0 0   0 0 
Hence, A(B  C)  AB  AC
 2 3   2 1  0 2 
(ii)B  A     
 4 1  0 0   4 1 
0 2  1 4 
(B  A)C    
 4 1  0 2 
 0 0  4  0 4 
  
 4  0 16  2  4 18 
2 3  1 4 2  0 8  6  2 14 
BC     
 4 1 0 2   4  0 16  2  4 18 
2 1  1 4   2  0 8  2 2 10 
AC     
0 0  0 2   0 0  0 0 
 2 14  2 10  0 4 
BC  AC     
 4 18  0 0   4 18 
Hence,B  A  C  BC  AC

Solution 15:
 1 4   1 4   1  8 4  4  9 8 
A2      
 2 1 2 1 2  2 8  1   4 9 
 3 2  1 0   3  0 0  4   3 4 
BC      
 4 0  0 2   4  0 0  0   4 0 
9 8   3 4   6 12
A 2  BC     
 4 9   4 0  8 9 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 16:
2 5   x   7 
(i)      
5 2  y  14 
2x  5y   7 
5x  2y   14 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
2x + 5y = −7 ...(1)
5x + 2y = 14 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) with 2 and (2) with 5, we get,
4x + 10y = −14 ...(3)
25x + 10y = 70 ...(4)
Subtracting (3) from (4), we get,
21x = 84 ⟹ x = 4
From (2), 2y = 14 − 5x = 14 − 20 = −6 ⟹ y = −3
3 1  2  x 
(ii)      
2 1  4   y 
 6 4   x 
 4 4    y 
   
 10   x 
 8    y 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
x = −10 and y = −8
 1 2
(iii)  x  y x  4     7 11
2 2
  x  y  2x  8  2x  2y  2x  8  7 11
  y  x  8  2y  8  7 11
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
3
−2y − 8 = −11 ⟹ −2y = −3 ⟹ y =
2
−y + x − 8 = −7
3
   x  8  7
2
3 5
 x  1 
2 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 17:
We know, the product of two matrices is defined only when the number of columns of first
matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
(i) Let the order of matrix M be a × b.
 1 1
Mab     1 212
0 2 22
Clearly, the order of matrix M is 1 × 2.
Let M  a b 
 1 1
M    1 2
0 2 
 1 1
a b     1 2
0 2 
a  0 a  2b  1 2
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
1
a = 1 and a + 2b = 2 ⟹ 2b = 2 − 1 = 1 ⟹ b =
2
 1
 M  a b  1 
 2
(ii) Let the order of matrix M be a x b.
 1 4 13
2 1  Mab   5 
  22   21
Clearly, the order of matrix M is 2 x 1.
a 
Let M   
b 
1 4 13 
 2 1  M   5 
   
 1 4  a  13 
 2 1   b    5 
     
a  4b  13 
 2a  b    5 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
a + 4b = 13 ....(1)
2a + b = 5 ....(2)
Multiplying (2) by 4, we get,
8a + 4b = 20 ....(3)
Subtracting (1) from (3), we get,

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

7a = 7 ⟹ a = 1
From (2), we get,
b = 5 − 2a = 5 − 2 = 3
 a   1
M      
b   3 

Solution 18:
2 x  2 x   4  0 2x  x   4 3x 
A2      
0 1 0 1  0  0 0  1   0 1 
Given, A 2  B
 4 3x   4 36 
0 1   0 1 
   
Comparing the two matrices, we get,
3x = 36  x = 12

Solution 19:
p 
p q     25 
 q
p2  q2    25 
 p2  q2  25
Since, p and q are positive integers, and (3)2 + (4)2 = 9 + 16 = 25.
Hence, p = 3 and q = 4 or p = 4 and q = 3

Solution 20:
AB = BA = B
We know that AI = IA = I, where I is the identity matrix.
Hence, B is the identity matrix.

Solution 21:
3 0  a b  3a  0 3b  0  3a 3b 
AB      
0 4  0 c   0  0 0  4c   0 4c 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

3 0  a b  3  a b 
A B      
0 4  0 c   0 4  c 
Given, AB = A+B
3a 3b  3  a b 
  
 0 4c   0 4  c 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
3a = 3 + a
⟹ 2a = 3
3
⟹a=
2
3b = b ⟹ b = 0
4
4c = 4 + c ⟹ 3c = 4 ⟹ c =
3

Solution 22:
 1 2   1 2   1  4 2  2  5 0 
(i) P2      
2 1 2 1 2  2 4  1 0 5 
1 0 1 0 1  0 0  0  1 0
Q2      
 2 1  2 1  2  2 0  1  4 1
5 0   1 0  4 0 
P2  Q2    
0 5   4 1  4 4 
1 2  1 0   2 2
PQ    
 2 1  2 1  4 0 
1 2  1 0  0 2 
PQ    
2 1 2 1 0 2 
2 2   0 2   0  0 4  4  0 0 
(P  Q)(P  Q)    
4 0  0 2 0  0 8  0  0 8 
Clearly, it can be said that:
(P + Q) (P − Q) = P2 − Q2 not true for matrix algebra.

Solution 23:
 2 1  3 4   6  1 8  2   5 6 
(i) AB      
 4 2   1 2  12  2 16  4  10 12 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

5 6   3 1   15  0 5  12   15 7 
ABC    
1012   0 2   30  0 10  24   30 14 
21  3 1   6  0 2  2   6 0 
(ii) AC    
42  0 2  12  0 4  4   12 0 
 6 0   3 4   18  0 24  0   18 24 
ACB     
 12 0   1 2  36  0 48  0   36 48 
Hence, ABC = ACB.

Solution 24:
 2 3   1 2   2  9 4  12   11 16 
(i) CA    
0 1  3 4   0  3 0  4   3 4 
 11 16  6 1  5 15 
CA  B    
 3 4   1 1  4 5 
 2 3  6 1  12  3 2  3   15 5 
(ii)CB    
0 1   1 1  0  1 0  1   1 1 
 1 2   15 5   14 3 
A  CB    
3 4   1 1   4 5 
Thus, CA + B ≠ A + CB

Solution 25:
Let the order of the matrix X be a × b
AX=B
2 1  3 
 1 3  Xab   11
  22   21
Clearly, the order of matrix X is 2 x 1.
x
Let X   
y
 2 1  x   3 
 1 3    y    11
     
2x  y   3 
  
 x  3y   11
Comparing the two matrices, we get,

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2x + y = 3 … (1)
x + 3y = − 11 … (2)
Multiplying (1) with 3, we get,
6x + 3y = 9 … (3)
Subtracting (2) from (3), we get,
5x = 20
x=4
From (1), we have:
y = 3 − 2x = 3 − 8 = −5
4
x   
 5 

Solution 26:
4 2 1 0 4 2 2 0  2 2 
A  2I     2   
1 1  0 1  1 1 0 2   1 1
4 2 1 0 4 2  3 0  1 2 
A  3I    3   
1 1 0 1  1 1 0 3  1 2 
2 2  1 2 
 A  2I A  3I    
 1 1 1 2
2  2 4  4 
 
 1 1 2  2
4 0 
 
0 4 

Solution 27:
2 1 1
A
0 1 2
2 0

A 1
t
1 
 1 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 0
 2 1 1
(i)A .A   1
t
1  
0 1 2
 1 2 
 40 20 2  0 
  2  0 1 1 1  2 
 2  0 1  2 1  4 
 4 2 2 
  2 2 3 
 2 3 5 
2 0
2 1 1 
(ii) A.A  
t
  1 1 
0 1 2
 1 2
 4  1 1 0  1 2
 
0  1  2 0  1  4 
6 3 
 
3 5 

Solution 28:
 4 1  4 1  16  1 4  2  15 6 
M2      
 1 2  1 2  4  2 1  4   6 3 
 4 1 15 6 
6M  M2  6   
 1 2  6 3 
24 6  15 6 
  
 6 12  6 3 
9 0 
 
0 9 
1 0
 9   9
 0 1
Hence Proved.

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 29:
2 6  3 x  6  6y 2x  12 
PQ     
3 9   y 2  9  9y 3x  18 
PQ = Null matrix
 6  6y 2x  12  0 0 
  
 9  9y 3x  18  0 0 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
2x + 12 = 0
Therefore x = − 6
6 + 6y = 0
Therefore y = − 1

Solution 30:
2cos60o 2sin30o  cot 45o cosec30o
  
  tan45
o cos0o  sec 60o sin90o 
 1 1
 2 2    1 2
 2 2 
  2 1
 1 1 
 1 1  1 2
  
 1 1   2 1 
 1 2 2 1 
 
 1  2 2  1
 1 1 
 
 1 1

Solution 31:
(i) True.
Addition of matrices is commutative.
(ii) False.
Subtraction of matrices is commutative.
(iii) True.
Multiplication of matrices is associative.
(iv) True.
Multiplication of matrices is distributive over addition.

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

(v) True.
Multiplication of matrices is distributive over subtraction.
(vi) True.
Multiplication of matrices is distributive over subtraction.
(vii) False.
Laws of algebra for factorization and expansion are not applicable to matrices.
(viii) False.
Laws of algebra for factorization and expansion are not applicable to matrices.

EXERCISE 9 (D)

Solution 1:
 3 2 2x   4  2
 1 4   1   2  5   4  y 
      
 6x 2   8   8 
 2x 4   10    4y 
     
 6x  10   8 
 2x  14    4y 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
6x − 10 = 8
⟹ 6x = 18
⟹x=3
− 2x + 14 = 4y
⟹ 4y = − 6+ 14 = 8
⟹y=2

Solution 2:
1 4
3x 8    3  2 7   5 3 2y 
3 7 
3x  24 12x  56  6 21  15 10y 
3x  24  6 12x  56  21  15 10y 
3x  18 12x  77  15 10y
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

3x + 18 = 15
3x = −3
x = −1
12x + 77 = 10y
10y = −12 + 77 = 65
y = 6.5

Solution 3:
x
x y      25
y
x  y  25
2 2

and
2x 2  y 2  2
(i) x, y Î W (whole numbers)
It can be observed that the above two equations are satisfied when x = 3 and y = 4.
(ii) x, y Î Z (integers)
It can be observed that the above two equations are satisfied when x = ±3 and y = ± 4.

Solution 4:
(i) let the order of matrix X be a × b
 2 1 7 
   Xab   
3 4 22 6 21
⇒ a = 2 and b = 1
The order of the matrix X = a × b = 2 × 1
x
(ii) Let X =  
y
 2 1  x  7   2x  y  7 
          
 3 4   y  6   3x  4y  6 
⇒ 2x + y = 7 and – 3x + 4y = 6
On solving the above simultaneous equations
In x and y, we have, x = 2 and y = 3
 x  2
 The matrix X =     
 y  3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 5:
 cos 45o sin30o   sin 45o cos90o
  o 
 2 cos0o sin0o   sin90 cot 45o 
1 1 1
0
 2 2 2
2 0 1 1
1 1 1
 0
 2 2 2
1 0 0  0
1 0.5

1 0

Solution 6:
Let the order of matrix M be a × b.
3A × M = 2B
0 1  5
3   Mab  2  
4 3 22  6  21
Clearly, the order of matrix M is 2 × 1
x 
let M   
 y
then,
0 1  x   5 
3      2 
 4 3   y  6
 0 3   x   10 
12 9    y    12 
     
 0  3y   10 
12x  9y    12 
   
 3y   10 
12x  9y    12 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
− 3y = −10
10
⟹y=
3

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

⇒ 12x – 9y = 12
⇒ 12x – 30 = 12
7
⇒x=
2
7
2
∴ M=  
10 
 3 

Solution 7:
a 3  2 b   1 1 5 0 
 4 1   1 2   2 c   7 3 
       
 a  1 2  b  5 0 
 7 
 1  c  7 3 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
a+1=5⇒a=4
2 + b = 0 ⇒ b = −2
−1 − c = 3 ⇒ c = −4

Solution 8:
 1 2 2 1
A  ,B   1 2
2 1  
(i)
2 1  1 2
BA  
1 2 2 1
2  2 4  1

1  4 2  2 
4 5 
 
5 4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 2  4 5 
A(BA)    
 2 1  5 4 
 4  10 5  8 
 
 8  5 10  4 
14 13 
 
13 14 
(ii)
1 2 2 1
AB  
2 1  1 2
2  2 1 4 

4 1 2  2 
4 5 
 
5 4 
 4 5  2 1
(AB)B    
5 4   1 2
 8  5 4  10 
 
10  4 5  8 
13 14 
 
14 13 

Solution 9:
 x 3x  2   5 
 y 4y   1  12 
    
 2x  3x   5 
 2y  4y   12 
   
5x   5 
 6y   12 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
5x = 5⟹ x = 1
6y = 12 ⟹ y = 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 10:
 3 4   2 
X  
 2 3   2 
 6  8 
 
 46 
 14 
 
 10 
10 
Given, 2X 3Y   
 8 
 14  10 
2   3Y   
 10   8 
 14  10 
3Y  2   
 10   8 
 28  10 
3Y    
 20   8 
 38 
3Y   
 28 
1  38 
Y 
3  28 

Solution 11:
Given, A + X = 2B + C
2 1  3 2  1 0 
2 0   X  2  4 0   0 2 
     
2 1  6 4   1 0 
 2 0   X   8 0   0 2 
     
2 1  5 4 
2 0   X   8 2 
   
 5 4  2 1
X  
 8 2  2 0 
 7 5 
X 
 6 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 12:
 2 12 
A 
0 1 
2 12 2 12  4  0 24  12   4 36 
A2     
0 1  0 1   0  0 0  1  0 1 
Given, A2 = B
 4 36   4 x 
  
 0 1   0 1
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
x = 36

Solution 13:
Transpose of a matrix is the matrix obtained on
Interchanging its rows and columns
2 5   2 1
Thus, if A =   , then At =  
1 3 5 3 
1 0
Identify matrix of order 2 is I =  
 0 1
Two matrices can be multiplied together if and only
If the number of columns in the first matrix is equal
To the number of rows in B square matrices
Since the matrices At and B are square matrices
The condition of compatibility for multiplication of matrices is satisfied.
Let us compute AtB.
 2 1  4 2
AtB =   
5 3   1 3 
 8  1 4  3 
⟹ AtB =  
 20  3 10  9 
 7 1
⟹ AtB =  
17 1
Since I is identity matrix for multiplication
We have BI = B = IB
Two matrices are compatible for addition, only

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

When they have the same order

Solution 14:
3 4   1 y   7 0
Given 2    5 
5 x  0 1 10
 6 8  1 y   7 0
   
10 2x  0 1 10 5 
 7 8  y   7 0
  
10 2x  1 10 5 
On comparing, corresponding elements,
8 + y = 0 ⇒y = ?8
2x + 1 = 5 ⇒ 2x = 5 − 1 ⇒ 2x = 4 ⇒ x = 2
Hence, x = 2, y = −8

Solution 15:
 4 2   4 2  16  12 8  6   4 2 
A2     
 6 3   6 3  24  18 12  9   6 3 
0 2   2 3   0  2 0  2  2 2 
BC     
 1 1  1 1  2  1 3  1  3 4 
4 2   4 2   2 2 
A 2  A  BC    
6 3   6 3   3 4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

0 0   2 2
 
0 0   3 4 
2 2

 3 4 

Solution 16:
1 0  2 3
A  ,B   
 2 1  1 0 
1 0 1 0
A2  A  A    
 2 1  2 1
1 1  0  2 1 0  0  1  1 0 
  
2  1  1 2 2  0  1 1  4 1
1 0  2 3
AB  A  B    
2 1  1 0 
 12  0   1 1 3  0  0 
 
2  2  1  1 2  3  1 0 
2 3 
 
3 6 
 2 3  2 3
B2  B  B    
 1 0   1 0 
 2  2  3   1 23  30 
 
 1  2  0   1 1 3  0  0 
1 6
 
 2 3 
 1 0  2 3   1 6 
 A 2  AB  B2     
 4 1 3 6   2 3 
4 9 
 
5 4 

Solution 17:
3A  2C  6B
 3 a  1 4  c 4
3   2   6 
 4 8  3 b  3 0 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 9 3a   2 8   6c 24 
 12 24    6 2b    18 0 
     
 11 3a  8   6c 24 
 18 24  2b    18 0 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
32 2
3a − 8 = 24 ⟹ 3a = 32 ⟹ a =  10
3 3
24 − 2b = 0 ⟹ 2b = 24 ⟹ b = 12
11 5
11 = 6c ⟹ c = 1
6 6

Solution 18:
p 0  0  q 2 2
A  B  ,C   
0 2  1 0 2 2 
 0  q  p 0  0 2q
BA    
 1 0  0 2 p 0 
2 2 2 2 0 8 
C2     
 2 2   2 2  8 0 
0 2q 0 8 
BA  C2    
p 0   8 0 
By comparing,
−2q = −8 ⟹ q = 4
And p = 8

Solution 19:
 3 2 6  18  2  16 
AB        
 1 4   1  6  4   2
16   8  8  0 
 AB  2C  4D            
 2 10  8  0 

Solution 20:
 4 sin30 2cos 60   4 5 
  
 sin90 2cos0   5 4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 1
 4 2   4 5 
 2 2 
  5 4 
 1 2  1 
2 1  4 5   8  5 10  4 
   
 1 2 5 4   4  10 5  8 
13 14 
 
14 13 

Solution 21:
 3 1 1 0
Given that A =   ,   
 1 2   0 1
We need to find A2 – 5A + 7I
A2  A  A
 3 1  3 1
  
 1 2  1 2
 9 1 3  2 
 
 3  2 1  4 
 8 5
 
 5 3 
 3 1
5A  5  
 1 2
15 5 
 
 5 10 
 1 0
7  7  
0 1
7 0 
 
0 7 
 8 5  15 5  7 0 
A 2  5A  7     
 5 3   5 10  0 7 
 8  15  7 5  5  0 
 
 5  5  0 3  10  7 
0 0 
 
0 0 

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