M

ATHEMATICS AND THE MODERN WORLD

Second Semester

OBJECTIVES
1. Describe and illustrate the mean,
median and mode of ungrouped and
grouped data.
2. Find the mean, median and mode of
statistical data.
3. Show active and collaborative
participation.
WHAT’S THE STORY BEHIND?
Mam Karla bought T
shirts from King Plaza.
She paid an average of
Php74 per shirt. Part of
the torn receipt is
shown below.
1. How much did she
pay in all? Why? 2. How much did she pay for
each white shirt?
WHAT’S THE STORY BEHIND?
The bar chart shows the number of magazines borrowed
from the library last week.

What is the
How many
What does this
average number of
magazines were
value tell you?
magazines
borrowed on
Why? `
borrowed per day
Friday? Why?
last week?
WHAT’S
THE
STORY
BEHIND?

What information
What made you
What conclusion
 can be obtained
say that your
can be made?
from the graph?
conclusion was
Why?
correct?

The graph shows the percentage of survey for

Philippine presidentiable candidates.
Measures of Central Tendency
 of Ungrouped Data

A measure of central tendency is a

single value that attempts to describe a set
of data by identifying the central position
within that set of data.
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped Data
Ungrouped data has not been classified
or has not been subdivided in the form of
groups. This type of data is totally the raw
data. It is the data collected in original
form.
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped Data
Example
A group of students obtained the
following scores in a math quiz:
8, 7, 9, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped Data
A group of students obtained the
following scores in a math quiz:
8, 7, 9, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3
 Arrange these scores in increasing
order: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9,10,
Measures of Central Tendency

Mean of Ungrouped Data

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8,
 9,10, The mean is 6.7.
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped Data
Mean
The mean (also known as the arithmetic
mean) is the most commonly used
measure of central position. It is used to
describe a set of data where the measures
 cluster or concentrate at a point.
Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data
Mean
It is the sum of measures
x divided by the number
N of measures in a
variable. It is symbolized where
as x (read as x bar). To
∑x = the summation
find the mean of an
ungrouped data, use the of x N = number of
formula values of x
Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data
Mean

Measures of Central Tendency

of Ungrouped Data
Median
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8,
9,10, The median is 7.
Measures of Central Tendency

Median of Ungrouped Data

 The median is the middle value or term
in a set of data arranged according to
size/magnitude (either increasing or
decreasing).
Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data

Example: Median
The library logbook shows that 58, 60, 54, 69,
35, and 97 books, respectively, were borrowed
 from Monday to Friday last week. Find the
median.
35, 54, 58, 60, 69, 97
Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data
Median
35, 54, 58, 60, 69, 97
Since the number of measures is even, then the
median is the average of the two middle scores.
 Median = 58 +60 = 118 = 59
22
Measures of Central Tendency
of Ungrouped Data
Mode
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8,
 9,10, The mode is 8.
Measures of Central Tendency

Mode of Ungrouped Data

The mode is the measure or value which

occurs most frequently in a set of data. It
 is the value with the greatest frequency.
Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data
Mode
Find the mode in the given sets of scores.
10 10} 2. {15, 20, 18, 19,
18 18, 16, 20, 18} 3. { 5, 8,
5&8 7, 9, 6, 8, 5}
No Mode 14 & 16 4. { 7, 10, 8, 5, 9, 6, 4}
1. {10, 12, 9, 10, 13, 11, 5. { 12, 16, 14, 15, 16,
13, 14}
Measures of Central Tendency
of Grouped Data
Grouped data is the type of data which is
subdivided into classes. It is not purely
raw data. In fact, in grouped data, some
analysis has been already done and it is
classified.
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
The following are the midterm test scores of Block 3D in
the Mathematics in the Modern World.
27 43 31 32 39 39 16 20 36 26 36 33 38 38 40 36
21 33 34 35 32 32 26 26 27 28 28 28 29 30 30 29
29 28 21 24 23 25 25 21
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
1. Determine the value of k.
Given: n = 40
Solution: k = 1 + 3 log n
k = 1 + 3 log (40)
k = 1 + 3 (1.60206)
 k = 1 + 4.80618
k = 5. 80618 or 6
k = 6, therefore, 6 is the estimate
number of classes in these data.
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
2. Determine the range (R).
Given: Highest Score (HS) = 43
Lowest Score (LS) = 16
Solution:
R = HS - LS
 R = 43 – 16
R = 27
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
3. Determine the class interval (i).
Given: Range (R) = 27
k=6
Solution:
i = R = 27 = 4.5 or 5
k6
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
4. Construct a frequency distribution table. The
following are the midterm test scores of Block 3D in the
Mathematics in the Modern World.
27 43 31 32 39 39 16 20 36 26 36 33 38 38 40 36
21 33 34 35 32 32 26 26 27 28 28 28 29 30 30 29
29 28 21 24 23 25 25 21
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
4. Construct a frequency distribution table. Midterm
test scores of Block 3D in the Mathematics in the
Modern World.
 Number of classes (k)
=6
Lowest Score (LS) =
16
Class Interval (i) = 5
Measures of Central
Tendency of Grouped
Data
Midterm test scores of Block 3D in
the
 Mathematics in the Modern World.
Note: Class mark (X) is the middle
score in each classes. It is obtained by
getting the average of upper class limit and
lower class limit.
Example:
41 + 45 / 2 = 43

Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data

A. Calculate the mean
When the number of items in a set of data is too big, items are
 grouped for convenience. To find the mean of grouped data
using class marks, the following formula can be used:Mean
σ ����
=
σ ��
where:
σ ���� is the sum of the product of frequency (f)
and class marks (X)
σ �� is the total frequency or total number of cases (N)
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
a.

Calculate the mean

 Therefore, the mean of the
midterm test score is 30.
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
B. Calculate the median
The median is the middle value in a set of quantities.
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
b. Calculate the median
Note: lb or lower boundary is frequency) is obtained by adding
obtained by deducting 0.5 in the first two consecutive
each lower limit. frequency in each class.
Note: <cf (less than cumulative
b.
Calculate
the
median

b. Calculate the median

 14
14

0.71428
(5)
0.35714
25.86
Therefore, the median of the midterm test scores is
 25.86 .
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
C. Calculate the mode

Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data

C. Calculate the mode
Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
C. Calculate the mode Solutions
 6

Given
+ (0.46154)5
2.30769 Therefore, the mode of

27.81 the midterm test scores is 27.81.

.

Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data

C. Calculate the mode
Note: If there are two or more classes having the same highest
frequency, the formula to be used is: