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Midsem1 Merged

This document outlines an assignment for a mathematical methods course. It contains 11 problems involving asymptotic expansions and approximations of integrals using techniques like Laplace's method and stationary phase approximations. Students are asked to find asymptotic expansions of functions, determine expressions in expansions, and apply approximation methods to integrals involving exponentials, trigonometric functions, and parameter limits like ε→0 or x→∞. The assignment is worth a total of 140 marks and must be completed over a two week period.

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Atul Verma
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41 views21 pages

Midsem1 Merged

This document outlines an assignment for a mathematical methods course. It contains 11 problems involving asymptotic expansions and approximations of integrals using techniques like Laplace's method and stationary phase approximations. Students are asked to find asymptotic expansions of functions, determine expressions in expansions, and apply approximation methods to integrals involving exponentials, trigonometric functions, and parameter limits like ε→0 or x→∞. The assignment is worth a total of 140 marks and must be completed over a two week period.

Uploaded by

Atul Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 5112, Spring 2023 IIT Bombay

Intro to Mathematical Methods, Take-home Midsem Exam Two weeks


140 marks

 
−1
1. Define an asymptotic series. Find a three term asymptotic expansion of ln 1 + eϵ
for ϵ → 0. Show that it is an asymptotic series by using the definition. (3 + 7)

2. Find first four terms in some asymptotic expansion of


Z π −xt
e cos t
dt
0 t

for x ≫ 1. (10)

3. Find the first two terms for all three roots of

εx3 − x2 + (2 + ε)x + 1 = 0.

(10)

4. Take a real number x ≥ 0. Using successive integration by parts, show that


Z ∞ −t
e
dt − (1 − x + · · · + (−1) n!x ) ≤ (n + 1)!xn+1
n n
1 + xt
0

(10)

5. Let A, B be non-singular n × n matrices. Find a three term expansion of (A + ϵB)−1 for


ϵ → 0. (Hint: let C be equal to the inverse so C(A + ϵB) = I). (10)

6. Obtain an asymptotic expansion upto O(ε) for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the
following perturbed matrix    
3 1 2 3
+ε
4 5 1 5
1
with ε = 10
. (10)

7. Let x0 be a point in R. Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two functions such that

f = O(g) as x → x0

Show that
O(o(f )) = o(O(f )) = o(g) as x → x0 ,
O(f )O(g) = O(f g) as x → x0
and
O(f )o(g) = o(f )o(g) = o(f g) as x → x0 .
(10)

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MA 5112, Spring 2023 IIT Bombay

8. Let x > 0 be a real number. By successive integration by parts, one can arrive at the
following equality Z ∞
dt
√ = s1 + s2 + s3 + R(x)
0 (x + t) 3 1 + t
where s1 , s2 and s3 are some expressions involving x and R(x) is an integral term.
Determine the expressions for s1 , s2 , s3 and R(x). (10)
9. Use the method of stationary phase (or your favourite method) to find the leading order
behavior as x → ∞ for Z 1
sin(x(t − sin t)) sinh tdt
−1

10. Consider Z π Z π
1
Jn (x) = cos(x sin t − nt)dt = Re e−int eix sin t dt.
π 0 0
Find asymptotics for this function in the regimes of x → 0 and x → ∞. (10)
11. (a) Use Laplace’s method to show that
2 3/2
1 ∞ − 1 t3 +xt e3x
Z
I1 (x) = e 3 dt ∼ √ 1/4 as x→∞
π 0 πx
(b) Use the method of stationary phase to show that
1 ∞ i( 13 t3 −xt)
Z
1 2 3/2 π
I2 (x) = e dt ∼ √ 1/4 e−i( 3 x − 4 ) as x → ∞.
π 0 πx
R∞ 2 √
π iπ/4
Hint: make the substitution t = x1/2 u. [You may use the result 0 eiy dy = 2
e .]
(c) The Airy function of the second kind, Bi(x), is defined by
1 ∞ − 1 t3 +xt
Z   
1 3
Bi(x) = e 3 + sin t + xt dt
π 0 3
(i) By considering Laplace’s method and integration by parts show that
2
e 33/2
Bi(x) ∼ √ 1/4 as x→∞
πx
[You may use the results from part (a).]
(ii) By considering Laplace’s method and the method of stationary phase show that
1 ∞ − 1 t3 −xt
Z   
1 3
Bi(−x) = e 3 + sin t − xt dt
π 0 3
 
1 2 3/2 π
∼ − √ 1/4 sin x − as x → ∞
πx 3 4
[You may use the results from parts (a) and (b).] (10 + 10 + 20)

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