Himachal Pradesh Technical University,

Hamirpur (H.P.)

CURRICULUM(CBCS)
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

(3rd to 8th Semester)

Teaching and Examination Scheme

1
 SEMESTER-VI
EC-601: ADVANCED MICROCONTROLLERS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
3 0 0 3 40 60 100 3hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

This course covers the broad range of foundational skills that apply across all embedded
computer system application areas. The emphasis is at the layer where hardware meets
software.Topics include microcontroller hardware, Tiva based embedded system, embedded
network and internet of things. Real world engineering practices, constraints, and example
applications are integrated throughout the course.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No. of

Hrs.
I Introduction To Embedded Systems: Instruction set, instruction formats 8
and various addressing modes of 32-bit. Fixed point and floating point
arithmetic operations, introduction ARM architecture and cortex – M
series, introduction to the tiva family viz. TM4C123x & TM4C129x and
its targeted applications, tiva block diagram, address space, on-chip
peripherals (analog and digital) register sets, addressing modes and
instruction set basics.

II Microcontroller Fundamentals For Basic Programming: I/O pin 9

multiplexing, pull up/down registers, GPIO control, memory mapped
peripherals, programming system registers, watchdog timer, need of low
power for embedded systems, system clocks and control, hibernation
module on tiva, active vs standby current consumption. Introduction to
interrupts, interrupt vector table, interrupt programming.

74
 Timer, basic timer, real time clock (RTC), timing generation and
measurements, analog interfacing and data acquisition - ADC, analog
comparators, DMA, motion control peripherals - PWM module &
quadrature encoder interface (QEI).

Case Study: Tiva based embedded system application bringing up the

salient features of GPIO, Watchdog timer, etc.

Case Study: Tiva based embedded system application using ADC &
PWM.

III Communication Protocols And Interfacing With External devices: 8

Synchronous/asynchronous interfaces (like UART, SPI, I2C, USB), serial
communication basics, baud rate concepts, interfacing digital and analog
external device, I2C protocol, SPI protocol & UART protocol.
Implementing and programming I2C, SPI & UART interface using Tiva.
CAN & USB interfaces on Tiva platform.

Case Study: Tiva based embedded system application using the interface
protocols for communication with external devices - Sensor hub booster
pack.

IV Embedded networking and Internet of Things: Embedded networking 9

fundamentals, ethernet, TCP/IP introduction IoT overview and
architecture, overview of wireless sensor networks and design examples.
Various wireless protocols and its applications - NFC, ZigBee, bluetooth,
bluetooth low energy, Wi-Fi. adding Wi-Fi capability to the
microcontroller, embedded Wi-Fi, user APIs for wireless and networking
applications, building IoT applications using CC3100 user API -
connecting sensor devices using tivaware sensor library.

Case Study: Tiva based embedded networking application - Smart plug

with remote disconnect and Wi-Fi connectivity.

Text Books:

1. Embedded Systems: Real-Time Interfacing to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers,

2014, Createspace publications ISBN: 978-1463590154.
2. Jonathan W Valvano, Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Cortex - M
Microcontrollers, 5th edition Createspace publications ISBN-13: 978-1477508992.

75
Reference Books:

1. ARM System Developer's Guide: Designing and Optimizing System Software

ELSEVIER INDIA; First edition, ISBN-13: 978-8181476463

Other References:

1. Texas Instruments, Embedded System Design using TIVA (will be available online in
downloadable pdf format)
2. http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Hands-
On_Training_for_TI_Embedded_Processors
3. http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/MCU_Day_Internet_of_Things_2013_Worksh
op
4. http://www.ti.com/ww/en/simplelink_embedded_wi-fi/home.html

76
 EC-602: ANTENNA & WAVE PROPAGATION

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
3 0 0 3 40 60 100 3hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To study the basics of antenna which will enable student to evaluate different types antennas
used in the communication systems. Moreover the theoretical aspect will make them have
better understanding of the creation of electromagnetic fields from the antenna structure.
Study of propagation in various mediums will help them in understanding the basics of wave
propogation.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No. of

Hrs.
I Antenna Basics: Introduction, definition of antenna, applications of 8
antennas, network theorems, properties of antenna, antenna parameters:
radiation pattern, radiation power density, radiation intensity, directivity,
gain, antenna efficiency, beam efficiency, bandwidth, polarization, input
impedance, effective length and equivalent area, antenna temperature;
basic antenna elements, radiation mechanism, radiated power and
radiation resistance of current element, hertizian dipole, radiation from
half wave dipole, radiation from quarter wave monopole.

II Analysis And Synthesis Of Linear Arrays: Introduction, point source, 9

array of two isotropic point sources, non- isotropic but similar point
sources, principle of pattern multiplication, linear arrays of n isotropic
point sources of equal amplitude and spacing, analysis of broadside
arrays, end-fire array, n-element linear array with non-uniform spacing.

HF, VHF and UHF antennas: Isotropic radiators, directional antennas,

omni-directional antenna, resonant antennas, travelling wave antennas,
folded dipole, v-antenna, rhombic antenna, yagi-uda antenna, log periodic
antennas, loop antenna, helical antenna, ferrite rod antenna, turnsentile
77
 antenna.

III Microwave Antennas: Rod reflector, plane reflector, corner reflector, 8

parabolic reflector and its types, feed systems for parabolic reflectors,
horn antenna, corrugated horns, slot antenna and its impedance, babinet‘s
principle, microstrip or patch antennas.

Smart Antennas: Smart antenna analogy, cellular radio systems

evolution, signal propagation, smart antennas benefits, smart antennas
drawbacks, antenna beam forming, mobile Ad-hoc networks(MANETs)

IV Wave Propagation: Propagation characteristics of EM wave with 9

factors, ground wave and its field strength, reflections of radio waves by
the surface of the earth, roughness of earth, reflection factors of earth,
wave tilt of ground wave, space wave or tropospheric wave propagation,
effect of curvature of the earth/earth‘s imperfections and roughness/hills
buildings and other obstacles/height above the earth/polarization, duct
propagation, troposcatter, ionospheric wave propagation, ionospheric
abnormalities, ionospheric storms, sudden ionospheric disturbances (SID),
sun spot cycle, critical frequency, MUF, LUF, virtual height and skip
distance, relation between muf and skip distance, whistlers, effect of
earth‘s magnetic field.

Text Books:

1. G.S.N. Raju, Antenna and Wave Propagation, Pearson Publication.

2. C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, John Wiley & sons.
3. J.D. Krauss, Antennas and Wave Propagation, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Company.

Reference Books:

1. Rajeshwari Chaterjee, Antenna Theory and Practice, New Age International

Publishers.
2. A.R. Harish, Antenna & Wave Propagation, Oxford University Press.
3. S K Das, Antenna & Wave Propagation, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Company.

78
 EC-603: CONTROL SYSTEMS

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
3 1 0 4 40 60 100 3hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To understand fundamental concepts of control system and understand need of control

engineering in design & stability analysis of control engineering systems. To study
mathematical modeling of various physical control systems.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No. of

Hrs.
I Introduction: Concepts of control systems, general schematic diagram of 8
control system, open loop and closed loop control systems and their
differences, feed-back characteristics, effects of feedback. Mathematical
models – differential equations.

Mathematical Modeling: Mathematical modeling of electrical,

mechanical and thermal systems. Review of laplace transform.

II Transfer Function Representation: Transfer function of linear systems, 9

block diagram representation of systems and their reduction,
representation by signal flow graph - reduction using mason‘s gain
formula.

Time Response Analysis: Standard test signals, time response of first

order systems, characteristic equation of feedback control systems,
transient response of second order systems, time domain specifications,
steady state response, steady state errors and error constants.

III Stability Analysis: Definitions, routh-hurwitz criterion, limitations of 8

routh‘s stability, root locus technique: the root locus concept, construction
of root loci, effects of adding poles and zeros on the root loci in terms of
stability.
79
 Frequency Response Analysis: Introduction, frequency domain
specifications -bode plots, determination of transfer function from the
bode plots, phase margin and gain margin, stability analysis from bode
plots, polar plots, nyquist plots.

IV Classical control design techniques: Compensation techniques – lag, 9

lead, lead -lag controllers‘ design in frequency domain, PID controllers

State Variable Analysis: Concepts of state, state variables and state

model, derivation of state models from block diagrams, solutions of time
invariant state equations- State transition matrix and its properties,
concepts of controllability and observability.

Text Books:

1. B S Manke, Linear Control Systems with MATLAB applications, Khanna Publications.

2. B. C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, John Wiley and sons.
3. I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, Control Systems Engineering, New Age International (P)
Limited, Publishers.

Reference Books:

1. K. Ogata, Discrete time Control Systems, Prentice Hall International.

2. Warwick, Kevin, An Introduction to Control Systems, World Scientific Publishing Co.
Ptv. Ltd.
3. Levine, Control System Fundamentals, W. S- CRC Press.

80
 EC-604: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
3 1 0 4 40 60 100 3 hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To introduce the techniques of modern digital signal processing that are fundamental to a
wide variety of application areas. Special emphasis is placed on the architectures and design
techniques for digital filters.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No.

of
Hrs.
I Discrete-Time Signals And Systems: Basic elements of a digital signal 8
processing system, advantages of digital signal processing, classification of
signals, discrete-time systems described by difference equations, linear
constant coefficient of difference equation, convolution sum, circular
convolution and correlation of signals.

Discrete-time Fourier transform: The fourier transform of discrete-time

signals (DTFT), properties of the DTFT.

II Discrete Fourier transform (DFT): DFT, properties of the DFT, 9

IDFT, fast fourier transform (FFT) - decimation-in-time (DIT)
algorithm-decimation-in-frequency algorithm-FFT, Radix-2 DIT and
DIF implementation.

Effect Of Finite Word Length In Digital Filters: Introduction,

rounding and truncation errors, quantization effect in analog-digital-
conversion of signals, output noise power from digital system.

III Digital filter design: General considerations, review of analog filter 8

design, design of iir digital filters - IIR digital filter design using the
impulse invariance method and the bilinear transformation method, butter
81
 worth and chebyshev filter.

Digital Filter Structures: Digital filter categories, realization

structures for FIR & IIR digital filters, implementation of digital filters
- direct form-I, direct form-II, structures for FIR and IIR filters.

IV Design Of Linear Phase FIR Digital Filters: FIR digital filter design 9
using the windows method and the frequency-sampling method.

Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Introduction, advantages of

multirate dsp, decimation, time-domain characterization, frequency-domain
characterization, aliasing effect, anti-aliasing filter specifications,
interpolation, application of multirate DSP.

Text Books:

1. John G. Proakis & Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles,

Algorithms and Applications, Pearson Education.
2. Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing, Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
3. Tarun kumar Rawat, Digital Signal Processing, OXFORD university press.

Reference Books:

1. Farooq Hussain, DigitalSignal and Processing, Prentice Hall.

2. S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj,Digital Signal Processing, Tata McGraw-Hill
Education.
3. Dr. Sanjay Sharma, Digital Signal Processing, S.K. Kataria & Sons.

82
 EC-605: MICROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total End
Exam Semester
Examination
2 2 0 3 40 60 100 3hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To study the manufacturing process of integrated circuits.To provide insight to chemical

vapor deposition technique, epitaxial growth, oxidation and diffusion process, ion
implantation, lithography, plasma deposition, etching and metallization.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No. of

Hrs.
I Clean room concept, growth of single crystal silicon - czochralski and 8
float zone method, wafer processing, cleaning and etching.

Physical vapour deposition: Vacuum evaporation sputtering.

Chemical vapour deposition: APCVD, plasma CVD, MOCVD.

II Epitaxial growth: Liquid phase epitaxy, vapour phase epitaxy, molecular 9

beam epitaxy, hetero epitaxy.

Oxidation: Growth mechanism and kinetics of oxidation, oxidation

techniques and systems, oxide properties, oxide induced defects.

Diffusion: Fick's equations, atomic diffusion mechanisms, measurement

techniques, diffusion in polysilicon and sio2, diffusion systems.

III Ion Implantation: Range Theory, Equipments, Annealing, Shallow 8

Junction, High Energy Implantation.

Lithography: Optical lithography, optical mask printing and making

techniques, electron lithography, x-ray lithography.
83
 Plasma Deposition And Etching: Plasma properties, plasma assisted
depositions of polysilicon, silicondioxide and silicon nitrides, reactive
plasma etching techniques and equipment, specific etch processes.

IV Metallisation: Metallisation application, patterning interconnects, 9

multilayer metallisation, measurement.

VLSI Process Integration: Fundamental considerations of IC

technology, NMOS and CMOS IC processing, MOS Memory IC
processing, Bi-CMOS processing.

Text Books:

1. S.M. Sze,VLSI Technology, McGraw-Hill Int. Ed

2. S.K. Ghandhi, John Wiley Inc., VLSI Fabrication Principles, New York, 1983.2

Reference Books:

1. James Plummer, M. Deal and P. Griffin, Silicon VLSI Technology, Prentice Hall
Electronics and VLSI series.
2. Stephen Campbell, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronics, Oxford
University Press.
3. D. Nag Choudhury, Principles of Microelectronics Technology, Wheeler Publishing
house.

84
 EC-606: WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
3 0 0 3 40 60 100 3 hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To provide an overview of wireless communication networks & its application in

communication engineering and to understand the various terminology, principles, devices,
schemes, concepts and different methodologies used in wireless networks.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No. of

Hrs.
I Fundamentals Of Wireless Communication: Introduction to wireless 8
communication, cellular concept, system design fundamentals, wireless
communication channel specification, types of wireless communication
system.

Coverage and capacity improvement in cellular system–splitting and

sectoring, technical challenges.

II Mobile radio propagation, reflection, diffraction, fading, multipath 9

propagation, statistical characterization of multipath fading, diversity
techniques.

Path loss prediction over hilly terrain, practical link budget design using
path loss models, design parameters at base station, antenna location,
spacing, heights and configurations.

III Wireless Adhoc Networks: Wireless adhoc networks, mobile adhoc 8

networks (MANETS), wireless sensor network, wireless mesh network,
vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS).

Wireless Communication Systems GSM: Global system for mobile

85
 (GSM)- services and features, GSM architecture and interfaces, GSM
radio sub system, GSM channel types - traffic channels, control channels,
example of a GSM call, GPRS.

IV Spread spectrum, multiple access techniques; frequency division multiple 9

access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division
multiple access (CDMA), power control, wideband code division multiple
access (WCDMA), CDMA network design, orthogonal frequency
division multiple access (OFDMA) and multi-carrier code division
multiple Access (MC-CDMA).

GSM.3G,4G long term evolution(LTE), near field communication (NFC)

systems, wireless local area network (WLAN) technology, wireless local
loop (WLL), hyper local area network (HLAN).

Text Books:

1. T.S. Rappaport, Wireless Communication Principles, Pearson.

2. A.F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley Inc.

Reference Books:

1. P. Muthu Chidambara Nathan, Wireless Communications, PHI.

2. W. C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communication Engineering, McGraw- Hill.
3. A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press.
4. S. G. Glisic, Adaptive CDMA, John Wiley Inc.

86
 EC-611: ADVANCED MICROCONTROLLERS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LAB

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
0 0 2 1 30 20 50 3 hrs

Practicals as per the topics in the syllabus for the course will be conducted in the laboratory.
Following is the suggested list of practicals out of which a minimum of 8-10 experiments
must be performed by a student during the semester.

List of Experiments

1. Interfacing and programming GPIO ports in C using Tiva (blinking LEDs, push
buttons).
2. Interrupt programming examples through GPIOs.
3. Use hibernation mode and wake on RTC interrupt.
4. PWM generation using PWM Module on Tiva
5. Interfacing using in-build peripherals:
a. Interfacing potentiometer with Tiva GPIO.
b. PWM based speed control of motor controlled by potentiometer connected to Tiva
GPIO.
6. Connect the Tiva to terminal on PC and echo back the data using UART.
7. Interfacing an accelerometer with Tiva using I2C.
8. Experiment on USB (Sending data back and forth across a bulk transfer-mode USB
connection).
9. Using IQ math library for implementing low pass FIR filter.
10. Review of User APIs for TI CC3100 & Initialization and setting of IP addresses .
11. A basic Wi-Fi application– communication between two Tiva based sensor nodes using
TIVA sensor library in Tivaware.
12. Setting up the CC3100 as a HTTP server.

87
 EC-612: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration

L T P/D C Sessional End Total End
Semester Semester
Exam Examination
0 0 2 1 30 20 50 3 hrs

Note: All the experiments should be performed on MATLAB software.

Practicals as per the topics in the syllabus for the course will be conducted in the laboratory.
Following is the suggested list of practicals out of which a minimum of 8-10 experiments
must be performed by a student during the semester.

List of Experiments

1. To illustrate simple mathematical expressions in MATLAB.

2. To represent basic signals (unit step, unit pulse, ramp, sine, cosine)
3. To develop a program for discrete convolution.
4. To develop a program for discrete correlation.
5. To develop a program for circular convolution of the sequence.
6. Implementation of decimation process.
7. Implementation of interpolation process.
8. To find DFT / IDFT of given DT signal.
9. To find the FFT of the sequence.
10. Implementation of LP FIR filter for a given sequence.
11. Implementation of HP FIR filter for a given sequence.
12. Implementation of LP IIR filter for a given sequence.
13. Implementation of HP IIR filter for a given sequence.

88
 EC- 613: SEMINAR

Evaluation Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration of

End
L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Evaluation/ Evaluation
Viva
0 0 2 1 50 50 100 -

OBJECTIVE:

To measure as well as flourish the ability of the student to study a topic, in Electronics and
Communication Engineering, of current relevance, from technical literature and present a
seminar on that topic.

PROCEDURE:

Individual students should be asked to choose a topic in any field of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, preferably from outside the B.Tech syllabus and give a seminar
on that topic for about thirty minutes. It enables the students to gain knowledge in any of the
technically relevant current topics and acquire the confidence in presenting the topic. The
student will undertake a detailed study on the chosen topic under the supervision of a faculty
member, by referring papers published in reputed journals and conferences. Each student has
to submit a seminar report (in two copies), based on these papers; the report must not be
reproduction of any original paper. A committee consisting of three/four faculty members
(preferably specialized invarious sub-fields of Electronics and Communication Engineering)
will evaluate the seminar. One of the two copies submitted by the student should be returned
to him/her after duly certifying it by the staff in charge of the seminar and Head of the
department and the other copy shall be kept in the departmental library.

Internal Continuous Assessment

As per ordinance

89
 EC-608: TV ENGINEEGING

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Total Semester
Semester Examination
Exam
3 0 0 3 40 60 100 3 hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

Course discusses component and system concepts in television systems and video
engineering and comprehensive coverage of television systems with all the new
developments in television. Understanding of colour television systems and basics of
television transmission and receiving system is also undertaken.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNI CONTENT No.

T of
Hrs
.
I Fundamentals of Television: Introduction, audio and video transmission, 8
aspect ratio, image continuity, number of scanning lines,
interlaced scanning, picture resolution, video bandwidth.

Composite video signal: Video signal, composite video signal, horizontal

synchronization, vertical synchronization, functions of vertical pulse train,
scanning sequence, picture signal transmission, vestigial side band
transmission, sound signal transmission, standard channel bandwidth.

ii Television Camera Tubes: Basic principle, image orthicon, vidicon, 9

plumbicon, silicon diode array vidicon.

Basic Television Transmission And Reception: Television cameras,

programme control room, video switcher, synchronization system, generation
of amplitude modulation, television transmitter,
positive and negative modulation, sound signal transmission, generation of
frequency modulation, merits of frequency modulation, classification of TV
90
 receivers, vestigial sideband correction, choice of intermediate frequencies,
picture tube circuits, sound signal separation, sound section, automatic
frequency control circuit, horizontal and vertical deflection circuits.

III Color Television Essentials: Compatibility, color perception, three color 8

theory, luminance, hue, saturation, color TV camera, values of color
difference signals on colors, color TV display monitors, delta gun and
precision-in-line color picture tube, purity and convergence and their
adjustments, trintron color picture tube, pincushion correction techniques,
automatic degaussing circuit, grey scale tracking.

IV Color Television Systems: NTSC color TV systems, SECAM system, 9

PAL color TV systems, cancellation of phase errors, merits and demerits of
each system.

Advanced Television Systems: Broadcast system, cable TV, cable signal

sources, cable signal processing, distribution and scrambling, video domestic
formats, tele text signal coding and broadcast receiver, digital
television:transmission and reception,projection television,flat panel display T
V receivers, LCD and plasma screen receivers, 3D-TV basics, ED-TV.

Text Books:

1. R.R.Gulati, Monochrome Television Practice, Principles, Technology and servicing,

New age international.
2. A. M Dhake, Television and Video Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill.

Reference Books:

1. R. P. Bali, Color Television, Theory and Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill.

2. Jerry Whitaker, Mastering Digital Television, McGraw-Hill.

91
 EC- 609: PRINCIPLES OF SOFT COMPUTING

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration

L T P/D C Sessional End Total End
Semester Semester
Exam Examination
3 0 0 3 40 60 100 3 hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of the course is to expose the students to soft computing and various
types of soft computing techniques. Upon completion of this course, the student will be able
to get an idea on artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic which have their roots in artificial
intelligence.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No.

of
Hrs.
I Artificial Neural Network an Introduction: Fundamental concept, 8
evolution of neural networks, basic models of artificial neural network,
important terminologies of ANNs - weights, bias, threshold, learning rate,
momentum factor, vigilance parameter, notations, linear seperability, Hebb
network.

Supervised Learning Network : Perceptron networks - theory, perceptron

learning rule, architecture, flowchart for training process, perceptron
training algorithm for single output classes, perceptron training algorithm
for multiple output classes, perceptron network testing algorithm, adaptive
linear neuron (Adeline), multiple adaptive linear neurons, back propagation
network, radial basis function network.

II Introduction to Fuzzy Logic, Classical sets and Fuzzy sets: Introduction

to fuzzy logic, classical sets (crisp sets), operation of classical sets, union, 9
intersection and difference, properties and function mapping of classical
sets, fuzzy set operations, properties of fuzzy set.

III Basic Combinational Circuits Design: Combinational gates, multiplexer, 9

92
 decoder, code converter, equality checker, comparator with single output,
comparator with multiple outputs.

Basic Sequential Circuit: Flip-flops, latches, counters, shift register,

parallel to serial converter, serial to parallel converter.

IV Classical Relation and Fuzzy Relation: Cartesian product of relation and 8

classical relation, fuzzy relations, tolerance and equivalence relations.
Membership function - introduction and features of membership function,
defuzzification. Fuzzy arithmetic and fuzzy measures - introduction, fuzzy
arithmetic, fuzzy measure, belief and plausibility measures, probability
measures, possibility and necessity measures, Fuzzy rule base and
approximate reasoning - introduction, truth values and table in fuzzy logic
formation of rules, decomposition of rules (compound rule).

Text Books:

1. S.N Shivanandan and S.N Deepa,Principles of Soft Computing, Wiley.

2. S. Rajasekaran, G.A. Vijayalakshmi Pai,Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic
Algorithms - Systems and Applications, PHI
3. A.M.Law and W.David Kelton,Simulation Modeling and Analysis, McGraw Hill Inc.,

Reference Books:

1. M.C.Jeruchim,Simulation of Communication Systems, Plenum Press, New York.

2. Jerry Banks,The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis, Wiley.

93
 EC-610: RELIABILITY ENGINEERING

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Marks Duration End

L T P/D C Sessional End Semester Total Semester
Exam Examination
3 0 0 3 40 60 100 3 hrs

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

The course will provide an introduction to reliability fundamentals. Reliability for simple and
complex systems and the relationship to component reliability will be discussed.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT CONTENT No.

of
Hrs.
I Reliability Fundamentals: Introduction, importance of reliability, 8
reliability functions, failure and failure modes, causes of failure,
instantaneous failure rate, general reliability function.

Component Reliability And Hazard Model: Component reliability from

test data, failure data (Failure density, failure rate, reliability, probability of
failure) mean failure rate MTTF, MTBF.

II System Reliability: Reliability evaluation of non-maintained systems, 9

series, parallel, series-parallel, non-series, standby configuration, k out of
n configuration, complex system, markov‘s method, fault tree technique,
event space, path tracing methods, cut-set and tie set method.

Hazard Model: Hazard models (time dependent hazard models, constant

hazard model, linear hazard model, on-linear hazard model

III Reliability Improvement: introduction, improvement of components, 8

redundancy - standby with perfect and imperfect switching, comparison of
component redundancy to system/unit redundancy, mixed redundancy,
stand by redundancy.

94
 Reliability Allocation: introduction, redundancy allocation and techniques
for reliability allocation.
IV Availability: Concepts of reliability, availability and maintainability, types 9
of availability.

Maintainability: Objectives of maintenance, classification and factor

effecting maintenance, maintenance levels, inventory control of spare parts,
preventive maintenance of some electrical appliances.

Text Books:

1. K. Govil, Reliability Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Dan W. Patterson, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Prentice
Hall.
3. E. Balagurusamy, Reliability Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. K. K. Aggarwal, Reliability Engineering, Kluwer academic publications.

Reference Books:

1. D. W. Rolston, Principles of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Development,

Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. G. F. Luger, Artificial Intelligence- Structures and strategies for complex problem
solving, Pearson.

95