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Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1 discusses the meaning and relevance of history and sources of history. It defines primary sources as first-hand accounts created by direct witnesses and secondary sources as second-hand accounts created by indirect witnesses. Examples of primary sources include diaries, letters, photographs, and oral histories. Secondary sources include textbooks, reviews, and bibliographies. Tertiary sources report ideas from secondary sources, like encyclopedias. The document emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between source types and analyzing their reliability and perspective.

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Psyche Ocol Deguit
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34 views

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1 discusses the meaning and relevance of history and sources of history. It defines primary sources as first-hand accounts created by direct witnesses and secondary sources as second-hand accounts created by indirect witnesses. Examples of primary sources include diaries, letters, photographs, and oral histories. Secondary sources include textbooks, reviews, and bibliographies. Tertiary sources report ideas from secondary sources, like encyclopedias. The document emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between source types and analyzing their reliability and perspective.

Uploaded by

Psyche Ocol Deguit
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 1: Meaning and Relevance of History

Lesson 1.2: Sources of History

Lesson Outcomes:
 Discussed the difference between primary and secondary resources; and
 Enumerated some examples of primary and secondary resources;
 Analyzed the distinction of given sample sources

Introduction

Most historical source materials can be grouped into four basic categories:
1. Documents – are written or printed materials that have been produced in one form or
another sometime in the past.
2. Oral Statements include any form of a statement made orally by someone.
3. Relics are any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some
information about the past.
The main emphasis in historical research is on the interpretation of documents, diaries,
and the like. Historical data are categorized into primary and secondary sources.
A Primary source is one prepared by an individual who was a direct witness to the
event that is being described. It includes first-hand information, such as eyewitness reports
and original documents.
A Secondary source is a document prepared by an individual who was not a direct
witness to an event, but who obtained his description of the event from someone else. It
includes second-hand information such as a description of an event by someone other than
an eyewitness, or a textbook author’s explanation of an event or theory.

Analysis – Let’s Analyze

Interview your parents or guardian, asks them the history of your name
(meaning of your name, where did they based it, who named it.

Abstraction

A. The distinction of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources


Sources were labelled as primary, secondary, and tertiary for them to distinguished easily
and identify the authenticity of the sources.

 Primary Sources
Primary sources give first-hand and original information. Examples are eyewitness accounts,
personal journal interviews. A person who has seen the actual event can be considered as a
primary source.

Types of Primary Sources


1. Autobiographies and Memoirs
An autobiography is an account of a person’s life written by that person.
A memoir is a history or record composed from personal observation and experience.
2. Diaries, Personal Letters, and Correspondence
A diary, a form of autobiographical writing, is a regularly kept record of the diarist's
activity and reflections. Diary is written primarily for the writer's use alone; the diary has a
frankness, unlike writing done for publication.
A personal letter is a type of message (or informal composition) that usually concerns
personal matters (rather than professional concerns) and is sent from one individual to
another.
A correspondence is a body of letters or communications. If you've ever had a pen pal
or an email buddy, you've written plenty of mail.
3. Interviews, Surveys, and Fieldwork
An interview is a conversation where questions are asked, and answers are given.
A survey is a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of
people. It may be conducted by phone, mail, via the internet, and sometimes face-to-face on
busy street corners or malls.
A fieldwork or field research is the collection of information that involves a range of
well-defined, although variable methods.
4. Photographs and Posters
5. Works of Art and Literature – it could be a painting, drawing, or illustration from someone
6. Speeches and oral histories – self-made discourses, artifacts, or relics

 Secondary Sources
These sources are one step removed from the topic. It could be passed through information
from one person to another.
Types of Secondary Sources
1. Bibliographies
2. Bibliographical works
3. Periodicals (Newspaper, Magazine, Journal)
4. Literature reviews and review articles (movie reviews, book reviews)
 Tertiary Sources
These sources provide third-hand information by reporting ideas and details from
secondary sources.
Types of Tertiary Sources
1. General references such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, and atlases
2. Crowd sources Wikipedia, YouTube, message boards, and social media sites like
Twitter and Facebook
3. Search sites
Difference between Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources
Primary Sources Secondary Sources

- Created at the time of an event, or - Created after the event, sometimes,


very soon after. a long time after something
- They were created by someone who happened.
saw or heard an event themselves. - Often uses primary sources as
- Often one-of-a-kind or rare. examples.
- Letters, diaries, photos, and - History textbooks, historical movies,
newspapers (can all be primary and biographies are secondary
sources) sources.

Repositories of Primary Sources


a. The library is a collection of sources of information that provides physical and digital
access to users.

b. Archive – is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are


located.

c. A museum – is an institution that conserves artifacts and other objects of artistic,


cultural, historical, or scientific importance.

d. A historical society - is an organization dedicated to preserving, collecting,


researching, and interpreting historical information or items.

Reference: Galicia, Reynaldo and Palencia, Marjueve, Readings


in Philippine History, 2019, Golden Books Inc

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