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41 views13 pagesLoop Control Statements
The document discusses loop control statements in programming. It defines loops and explains that they consist of a loop body that is executed repeatedly as long as a control statement evaluating certain conditions remains true. Loops are classified as either entry-controlled (pre-test) or exit-controlled (post-test) depending on where the control statement is positioned. Common loop control statements in C programming include while, do-while, and for statements. Loops can also be categorized as counter-controlled if the number of repetitions is known in advance, or sentinel-controlled if a special sentinel value is used to terminate the loop.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views13 pagesLoop Control Statements
The document discusses loop control statements in programming. It defines loops and explains that they consist of a loop body that is executed repeatedly as long as a control statement evaluating certain conditions remains true. Loops are classified as either entry-controlled (pre-test) or exit-controlled (post-test) depending on where the control statement is positioned. Common loop control statements in C programming include while, do-while, and for statements. Loops can also be categorized as counter-controlled if the number of repetitions is known in advance, or sentinel-controlled if a special sentinel value is used to terminate the loop.
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suriya kumarCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Programming Logic
Loop Control
Statements
B.Bhuvaneswaran, AP (SG) / CSE
9791519152
[email protected]
Loop
In looping, a sequence of statements is executed until some
conditions for termination of the loop are satisfied.
A program loop therefore consists of two segments:
• body of the loop and
• control statement.
The control statement tests certain conditions and then directs
the repeated execution of the statements contained in the body of
the loop.
Loop Control Statements Rajalakshmi Engineering College 2
Classifications of Loops
Depending on the position of the control statement in the loop, a
control structure may be classified either as:
• entry-controlled loop or
• exit-controlled loop
Loop Control Statements Rajalakshmi Engineering College 3
Entry-controlled Loop
In the entry-controlled loop, the control conditions are tested
before the start of the loop execution.
If the conditions are not satisfied, then the body of the loop will
not be executed.
The entry-controlled loop is also known as pre-test loops.
Loop Control Statements Rajalakshmi Engineering College 4
Flow Chart
Loop Control Statements Rajalakshmi Engineering College 5
Exit-controlled Loop
In the exit-controlled loop, the test is performed at the end of the
body of the loop and therefore body is executed unconditionally
for the first time.
The exit-controlled loop is also known as post-test loops.
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Flow Chart
Loop Control Statements Rajalakshmi Engineering College 7
Looping Process
A looping process, in general, would include the following four
steps:
• Setting and initialization of a condition variable.
• Execution of the statements in the loop.
• Test for a specified value of the condition variable for execution of the loop.
• Incrementing or updating the condition variable.
The test may be either to determine whether the loop has been
repeated the specified number of times or to determine whether
a particular condition has been met.
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Categories of Loops
Based on the nature of control variable and the kind of value
assigned to it for testing the control expression, the loops may be
classified into two general categories:
• Counter-controlled loops
• Sentinel-controlled loops
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Counter-controlled Loops
When we know in advance exactly how many times the loop will
be executed, we use a counter controlled loop.
We use a control variable known as counter.
The counter must be initialized, tested and updated properly for
the desired loop operations.
The number of times we want to execute the loop may be a
constant or a variable that is assigned a value.
A counter-controlled loop is sometimes called definite repetition
loop.
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Sentinel-controlled Loops
In a sentinel-controlled loop, a special value called a sentinel value
is used to change the loop control expression from true to false.
For example, when reading data we may indicate the “end of
data” by a special value, like -1 and 999.
The control variable is called sentinel variable.
A sentinel controlled loop is often called indefinite repetition loop
because the number of repetitions is not known before the loop
begins executing.
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Loop Control Statements
The C language provides for three constructs for performing loop
operations.
They are:
• while statement
• do…while statement
• for statement
