MUTHAYAMMAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE (AUTONOMOUS)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

Staff Name: P.VIJAYALAKSHMI, M.Sc,M.Phil., Class: III B.Sc EC Paper

Code:19UEL07

Paper Name: PC HARDWARE NETWORKING AND TROUBLESHOOTING Unit: III

Keyboard types

A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and functions into the
computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used to enter text. A
keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers and special characters, as well as
keys for specific functions. A keyboard is connected to a computer system using a cable or a
wireless connection.

Typical keyboard for a desktop computer

Most keyboards have a very similar layout. The individual keys for letters, numbers and special
characters are collectively called the character keys. The layout of these keys is derived from
the original layout of keys on a typewriter. The most widely used layout in the English language
is called QWERTY, named after the sequence of the first six letters from the top left.

Other sets of keys common to almost all keyboards are entering and editing keys (e.g., Enter,
Delete, Insert), modifier keys (e.g., Control, Shift), navigation keys (e.g., arrows for up, down,
left, right) and lock keys (e.g., Caps Lock). Additional keys are very operating system specific
(such as the Windows and Apple keys).

Most keyboards also include a set of function keys at the top (F1, F2, etc.). The function keys
typically perform a very specific task within a particular software application. So, what they do
may depend on what you are doing on your computer at the time.

Most keyboards for desktop computers also contain a separate numeric keypad to the right. Even
though there are numeric keys already in a row near the top, having them all close together
makes it faster to enter numeric data. On smaller keyboards, like those on most laptops, these
numeric keypads are typically no longer present due to space constraints.

Here you can see a typical keyboard layout. Keep in mind that there are many different
variations on this layout, although most manufacturers follow this general pattern:

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 Standard layout of keys

However, this general layout has remained remarkably unchanging over the years. This has made
it easy for users to transition from one computer system to the next and to use their typing skills
on multiple devices.

In computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of

buttons or keys to act as a mechanical lever or electronic switch. Following the decline of punch
cards and paper tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input device
for computers.

Keyboard types

One factor determining the size of a keyboard is the presence of duplicate keys, such as a
separate numeric keyboard, for convenience.

Further the keyboard size depends on the extent to which a system is used where a single action
is produced by a combination of subsequent or simultaneous keystrokes (with modifier keys, see
below), or multiple pressing of a single key. A keyboard with few keys is called a keypad. See
also text entry interface.

Standard

Standard alphanumeric keyboards have keys that are on three-quarter inch centers (0.750 inches,
19.05 mm)[citation needed], and have a key travel of at least 0.150 inches (3.81 mm). Desktop
computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US traditional keyboards or the 104-key Windows
keyboards, include alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of
function keys. The internationally common 102/105 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key
and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right (usually Z
or Y). Also the enter key is usually shaped differently. Computer keyboards are similar to
electric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys, such as the command or Windows
keys.

Laptop-size

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Laptop keyboard with its keys (except the space bar) removed, revealing crumbs, pet hair and
other detritus to be cleaned away.

Flexible keyboards

Flexible keyboards is a junction between normal type and laptop type keyboards, normal from
the full arrangement of keys, and laptop from the sort key distance, additionally the flexibility it
allows the user to fold/roll the keyboard for better storage / transfer, however for typing, the
keyboard must be resting on a hard surface

Handheld

An AlphaGrip handheld keyboard

Handheld ergonomic keyboards are designed to be held like a game controller, and can be used
as such, instead of laid out flat on top of a table surface. Typically handheld keyboards hold all
the alphanumeric keys and symbols that a standard keyboard would have, yet only be accessed
by pressing two sets of keys at once; one acting as a function key similar to a 'Shift' key that
would allow for capital letters on a standard keyboard.

The keyboards on laptops usually have a shorter travel distance and a reduced set of keys.

Thumb-sized

Smaller external keyboards have been introduced for devices without a built-in keyboard, such
as PDAs, and smartphones. Small keyboards are also useful where there is a limited workspace.

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A thumb keyboard (thumb board) is used in some personal digital assistants such as the Palm
Treo and BlackBerry and some Ultra-Mobile PCs such as the OQO.

Numeric keyboards contain only numbers, mathematical symbols for addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division, a decimal point, and several function keys. They are often used to
facilitate data entry with smaller keyboards that do not have a numeric keypad, commonly those
of laptop computers. These keys are collectively known as a numeric pad, numeric keys, or a
numeric keypad, and it can consist of the following types of keys: Arithmetic operators,
numbers, arrow keys, Navigation keys, Num Lock and Enter key.

Key types

Alphanumeric

A Hebrew keyboard lets the user type in both Hebrew and the Latin alphabet.

A Greek keyboard lets the user type in both Greek and the Latin alphabet (MacBook Pro).

The Control, Windows, and Alt keys are important modifier keys.

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A Space-cadet keyboard has many modifier keys.
2.Organization
Create a subordinate to the currently selected box. F2
Create a co-worker before the currently selected box (to the left or above the current box, depending F3
on the group style).
Create a co-worker after the currently selected box (to the right or below the current box, depending F4
on the group style).
Create a manager for the currently selected box. F5
Create an assistant to the currently selected box. F6

Select boxes

To do this Press
Select all the boxes in the chart. CTRL+A
Select the branch below the selected manager(s). CTRL+B
Select the group to which the currently selected box belongs. CTRL+G
Select the top box. CTRL+ALT+B
Extend the selection to the left. SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
Extend the selection to the right. SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Extend the selection downwards. SHIFT+DOWN ARROW
Extend the selection upwards. SHIFT+UP ARROW
Select the next box to the left when a box is selected. LEFT ARROW
Select the next box to the right when a box is selected. RIGHT ARROW

Move to boxes

To do this Press
Move to the next box to the left. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move to the next box to the right. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move to the next box up in the chart . UP ARROW
Move to the next box down in the chart. DOWN ARROW

Move around in a chart

To do this Press
Move to the top of the chart. HOME
Move to the bottom of the chart. END
Move one screen down in the chart. PAGE DOWN
Move one screen to the right in the chart. CTRL+PAGE DOWN
Move one screen up in the chart. PAGE UP
Move one screen to the left in the chart. CTRL+PAGE UP
Move to the next text field in the box. TAB
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To do this Press
Move to the previous text field in the box. SHIFT+TAB
3. Keyboard trouble shooting
KEYBOARD TROUBLESHOOTING:

Here are solutions to some common problems with keyboards.

You can also try running a troubleshooter to diagnose and fix common problems with hardware
and devices.

To run a hardware and devices troubleshooter

1. Click this button:

Fix this problem

2. In the File Download dialog box, click Run, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

Show all

My keyboard doesn't work at all.

Windows doesn't recognize my keyboard, or doesn't recognize some kes.

Some keys stick or don't depress properly.

The characters I type don't match the ones that show up on the monitor.

My SHIFT, CTRL, ALT, or Windows Logo key isn't working as expected.

Issues with your Keyboard can typically be resolved by updating your Microsoft Mouse
and Keyboard Centre Software.

If you are experiencing any issues with your Keyboard such as keys or buttons not working, or
feature related issues such as calculator, audio adjustments and manipulations, or brightness
keys, ensure you have the latest version of Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Centre software
installed on the computer or device being used with your Microsoft Keyboard.

You can get the latest update by going HERE. From this list identify your keyboard from the list,
or search for it in the search bar. Once you have identified your keyboard, tap or click on it to go
to the available downloads page. Under "Software and Drivers", click on the available update,
and follow the onscreen instructions.

Hardware-related issues

The keyboard does not seem to be responding.

Try the following:

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  The USB connection may be loose. Try unplugging the keyboard, and then plugging it
back in.
 Plug the keyboard into a different USB port.
 If your keyboard is plugged into a USB hub or USB switch box, try removing it and
plugging the keyboard into the computer.
 Unplug other USB devices that are not in use.
 Try the keyboard on another computer to verify it is working correctly.
 If you are using a wireless keyboard, troubleshoot the wireless connection.

Note

PS/2 connectors are not supported in this version of Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Centre. If
you connect a keyboard with a PS/2 connector, this software cannot configure any optional
settings.

Devices plugged into the USB ports on my keyboard do not work.

Some USB will not work when plugged into the keyboard; these devices may require a powered
USB hub or have other hardware requirements. If your device is supported, try the following
solutions:

 Plug the keyboard into a different USB port.

 If your keyboard is plugged into a USB hub or USB switch box, try removing it and
plugging the keyboard into the computer.
 Unplug other USB devices that are not in use.
 Plug the device directly into the computer to verify it is working correctly.

Features on my keyboard do not work as expected with Windows Terminal Services or

Remote Desktop.

Microsoft keyboards and Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Centre software are not supported for
use with Windows Terminal Services or Remote Desktop, and some features may not work as
expected.

Keys

Some of keys do not work when I press them.

Try the following:

 Clean your keyboard.

 Install the Microsoft Mouse and Keyboard Centre software. Some keys require Microsoft
Mouse and Keyboard Centre software.
 If a key requires software, install it. Some key commands require that you have a specific
program installed, such as a supported e-mail program, Web browser, media player,
instant messenger program, or graphics editing program.
 Hot Keys may not function as expected if a modifier key (such as SHIFT, CONTROL,
ALT, or WINDOWS) is pressed at the same time.

Tip

If you do not have the appropriate supported program installed, you can still use the key by
reassigning it.

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When I type certain keys on my wireless keyboard, double characters appear on the
screen.

If you have two wireless receivers connected to your computer, and you type a single key on
your wireless keyboard, double characters may appear on your screen. For example, when you
type a single “a,” you may see “aa” on your screen.

If you have been using an older Microsoft keyboard with a wireless receiver, and have purchased
a new one, disconnect the old receiver.

When I hold down some keys, they repeat until I release them.

Some keys are designed to repeat when pressed and held down. On some keyboard models, these
keys only repeat when the keyboard is connected to the computer using a universal serial bus
(USB) plug. The following keys may be designed to repeat: Back, Forward, Next, Prev Track,
Next Track, Volume-, Volume+, Zoom-, and Zoom+.

Where are the regular function keys? (F1-F12)

These keys are on the top row of the keyboard. On some keyboard models, these keys are touch-
sensitive.

If your keyboard has an F Lock key, press it to toggle between Function key modes.

Alternate function keys have two possible commands depending on if the function lock (F Lock)
key is turned on or off. Depending on your keyboard model, the light (F) indicating that the F
Lock key is turned on is located either on the keyboard or on the wireless receiver. If the key
command is printed on the front of the key (such as F5) instead of on top of the key (such as
OPEN), the F Lock must be on for the key command to work.

Some Directional /Functional keys do not work when I press them.

(Scroll Lock, Break, Insert, and alternate function keys - Help, Undo, Redo, New,Open,
Close, Reply, Fwd, Send, Spell, Save, Print)

Try the following:

 If your keyboard has an F Lock key, press it to toggle between Function key modes.
Alternate function keys have two possible commands depending on if the function lock
(F Lock) key is turned on or off. Depending on your keyboard model, the light (F)
indicating that the F Lock key is turned on is located either on the keyboard or on the
wireless receiver. If the key command is printed on the front of the key (such as F5)
instead of on top of the key (such as OPEN), then F Lock must be on for the key
command to work.
 If your keyboard has an Fn key, press and hold Fn while pressing the key to access the
alternate commands.

The Print Screen key does not work.

Try the following:

 The Print Screen key copies an image of the screen to the clipboard (not the printer). To
use the image, start an application that uses graphics, such as Microsoft Paint, and use the
Paste function.

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  If your keyboard has an F Lock key, press it to toggle between Function key modes. On
some keyboards, the Print Screen key only works if F Lock is on.

The Gadgets key does not open the Windows Sidebar.

Try the following:

 The Gadgets key opens the Windows Sidebar only in Windows Vista.
 In some versions or themes of Windows 7, pressing the Gadgets key displays the gadgets
on your desktop. Holding down the Gadgets key makes all open windows transparent so
that you can see the gadgets on the desktop. In other versions or themes, either pressing
or holding the Gadgets key displays the desktop.
 In Windows XP, the Gadgets key opens the Windows Live.com Web site.

3.Ergonomic Keyboard
Ergonomics refers to the study of methods that can reduce stress on muscles to avoid repetitive
strain injury. It mostly deals with optimizing posture and technique while working, so the work
can be carried out in the easiest manner with the least possible strain on any muscle, joint, or
organ.

Ergonomic keyboards are designed in such a way that typing can be done putting the least
amount of stress on the fingers and wrist. This is a radical type of keyboard designed to prevent
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, which causes numbness and tingling sensation in the hands and
fingers after typing for a long duration.

Ergonomic keyboards come in two forms:

As a single piece, where a group of keys have been split in such a way, that the angle at which
the user places his or her wrist to type is the least stressful.
In the form of separate pieces, each having a group of keys, so that the user can set the angle
according to his or her convenience.

Hence, these keyboards differ from the usual single piece keyboards that are straight and contain
keys as one whole group.
Key words:
Alpha numeric key, modified key, cursor key, function key,ergonomics.
Area(s) of applications:
a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of buttons or
keys to act as a mechanical lever or electronic switch. Following the decline of punch cards and
paper tape, interaction via teleprinter-stylekeyboards became the main input device
for computers.
Mouse types

A computer mouse is a pointing device (hand control) that detects two-dimensional motion
relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display,
which allows for fine control of a graphical user interface.

Physically, a mouse consists of an object held in one's hand, with one or more buttons. Mice
often also feature other elements, such as touch surfaces and "wheels", which enable additional
control and dimensional input.

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Operation

A mouse typically controls the motion of a pointer in two dimensions in a graphical user
interface (GUI). The mouse turns movements of the hand backward and forward, left and right
into equivalent electronic signals that in turn are used to move the pointer.

The relative movements of the mouse on the surface are applied to the position of the pointer on
the screen, which signals the point where actions of the user take place, so that the hand
movements are replicated by the pointer. [24] Clicking or hovering (stopping movement while the
cursor is within the bounds of an area) can select files, programs or actions from a list of names,
or (in graphical interfaces) through small images called "icons" and other elements. For example,
a text file might be represented by a picture of a paper notebook, and clicking while the cursor
hovers this icon might cause a text editing program to open the file in a window.

Different ways of operating the mouse cause specific things to happen in the GUI: [24]

 Click: pressing and releasing a button.

o (left) Single-click: clicking the main button.
o (left) Double-click: clicking the button two times in quick succession counts as a
different gesture than two separate single clicks.
o (left) Triple-click: clicking the button three times in quick succession.
o Right-click: clicking the secondary button.
o Middle-click: clicking the tertiary button.
 Drag and drop: pressing and holding a button, then moving the mouse without releasing.
(Using the command "drag with the right mouse button" instead of just "drag" when one
instructs a user to drag an object while holding the right mouse button down instead of
the more commonly used left mouse button.)
 Mouse button chording (a.k.a. Rocker navigation).
o Combination of right-click then left-click.
o Combination of left-click then right-click or keyboard letter.
o Combination of left or right-click and the mouse wheel.
 Clicking while holding down a modifier key.
 Moving the pointer a long distance: When a practical limit of mouse movement is
reached, one lifts up the mouse, brings it to the opposite edge of the working area while it
is held above the surface, and then replaces it down onto the working surface. This is
often not necessary, because acceleration software detects fast movement, and moves the
pointer significantly faster in proportion than for slow mouse motion.
 Multi-touch: this method is similar to a multi-touch trackpad on a laptop with support for
tap input for multiple fingers, the most famous example being the Apple Magic Mouse.

Specific uses
Other uses of the mouse's input occur commonly in special application-domains. In interactive
three-dimensional graphics, the mouse's motion often translates directly into changes in the
virtual objects' or camera's orientation. For example, in the first-person shooter genre of games
(see below), players usually employ the mouse to control the direction in which the virtual
player's "head" faces: moving the mouse up will cause the player to look up, revealing the view
above the player's head. A related function makes an image of an object rotate, so that all sides
can be examined. 3D design and animation software often modally chords many different
combinations to allow objects and cameras to be rotated and moved through space with the few
axes of movement mice can detect.

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Use in games

The Mac OS Desk Accessory Puzzle in 1984 was the first game designed specifically for a
mouse. The device often functions as an interface for PC-based computer games and sometimes
for video game consoles.

2.Mousepads

Engelbart's original mouse did not require a mousepad;[68] the mouse had two large wheels which
could roll on virtually any surface. However, most subsequent mechanical mice starting with the
steel roller ball mouse have required a mousepad for optimal performance.

The mousepad, the most common mouse accessory, appears most commonly in conjunction with
mechanical mice, because to roll smoothly the ball requires more friction than common desk
surfaces usually provide. So-called "hard mousepads" for gamers or optical/laser mice also exist.

Most optical and laser mice do not require a pad. Whether to use a hard or soft mousepad with an
optical mouse is largely a matter of personal preference. One exception occurs when the desk
surface creates problems for the optical or laser tracking, for example, a transparent or reflective
surface.

Mouse speed

Mickeys per second is a unit of measurement for the speed and movement direction of a
computer mouse.[56] But speed can also refer to the ratio between how many pixels the cursor
moves on the screen and how far the mouse moves on the mouse pad, which may be expressed
as pixels per Mickey, or pixels per inch, or pixels per cm. The directional movement is called the
horizontal mickey count and the vertical mickey count.

The computer industry often measures mouse sensitivity in terms of counts per inch (CPI),
commonly expressed as dots per inch (DPI) – the number of steps the mouse will report when it
moves one inch. In early mice, this specification was called pulses per inch (ppi).[27] The Mickey
originally referred to one of these counts, or one resolvable step of motion. If the default mouse-
tracking condition involves moving the cursor by one screen-pixel or dot on-screen per reported
step, then the CPI does equate to DPI: dots of cursor motion per inch of mouse motion.

Scrolling
Nearly all mice now have an integrated input primarily intended for scrolling on top, usually a
single-axis digital wheel or rocker switch which can also be depressed to act as a third button.
Though less common, many mice instead have two-axis inputs such as a tiltable wheel, trackball,
or touchpad.

Buttons
Mouse buttons are microswitches which can be pressed to select or interact with an element of a
graphical user interface, producing a distinctive clicking sound.

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USB
The industry-standard USB (Universal Serial Bus) protocol and its connector have become
widely used for mice; it is among the most popular types.

Cordless or wireless

A wireless mouse made for notebook computers

Cordless or wireless mice transmit data via infrared radiation (see IrDA) or radio (including
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi). The receiver is connected to the computer through a serial or USB port, or
can be built in (as is sometimes the case with Bluetooth and WiFi. Modern non-Bluetooth and
non-WiFi wireless mice use USB receivers.

PS/2 interface and protocol

With the arrival of the IBM PS/2 personal-computer series in 1987, IBM introduced the
eponymous PS/2 interface for mice and keyboards, which other manufacturers rapidly adopted.
The most visible change was the use of a round 6-pin mini-DIN,
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Byte 1 YV XV YS XS 1 MB RB LB
Byte 2 X movement
Byte 3 Y movement

TYPES OF MOUSE:

Different Types of Computer Mice. The computer mouse functions by detecting the two
dimensional motion relative to the surface it is kept on. It is the motion of the mouse that
converts into the motion of the cursor on the screen of the PC or laptop.

Computer mice some in a number of varieties. You can find a computer mouse for just about any
use. To figure out what kind of mouse would work best with your PC, you need to know your
mouse options:

 Mechanical mouse: Houses a hard rubber ball that rolls as the mouse is moved. Sensors
inside the mouse body detect the movement and translate it into information that the
computer interprets.
 Optical mouse: Uses an LED sensor to detect tabletop movement and then sends off that
information to the computer for merry munching.

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 Infrared (IR) or radio frequency cordless mouse: With both these types, the mouse relays
a signal to a base station wired to the computer's mouse port. The cordless mouse requires
power, which comes in the form of batteries.

A mouse with many buttons: The extra buttons can be programmed to do specific things,
such as navigate the Web or turn pages when you’re reading a document. The typical button-
ified mouse has about five buttons

Trackball mouse: Like an upside-down mouse. Rather than roll the mouse around, you use your
thumb or index finger to roll a ball on top of the mouse. The whole contraption stays stationary,
so it doesn’t need a lot of room, and its cord never gets tangled.

Stylus mouse: Another mouse mutation enjoyed by the artistic type is the stylus mouse,
which looks like a pen and draws on a special pad.
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 Cordless 3-D mouse: This kind of mouse can be pointed at the computer screen like a TV
remote.

Ball Mouse

The ball mouse is one of the earliest forms of mice. It contained a ball that could roll in all
directions and track movement. The main drawback of the ball mouse was that one had to
constantly clean the wheel of grime which would reduce the amount of friction. Ball mice have
been made largely obsolete by newer technology.

Optical Mouse

Optical mice use LED and photo technology to detect movement, rather than a physically
moving ball. It tracks the cursor’s movement through photo sensors which take over 1,000
pictures per second. This instantly tells the computer the position of your mouse’s cursor.

Most optical mice are plug and play, meaning you usually do not have to install any software to
make the mouse work. You simply plug it into its proper connector, and your mouse is ready to
be used.

Optical mice normally do not require a mouse pad. Only on rough, black, or glass surfaces do the
optical mice not detect movement as well.

Optical mouse have become more commonplace. They exercise efficiently, because they lack the
ball found in traditional mouse. The majority are built to be ergonomic, so you are able to make
use of them very comfortably. There’re especially appropriate users with cts or arthritis.

These mouse are less vunerable to collecting dust than traditional mouse are and require less
cleaning. Most optical mouse hook up to your computer through the USB port. Special software
usually isn’t necessary if you do not need advanced functions enabled for the mouse. You are
able to enable any special functions that you want your mouse to accomplish when using the
driver CD that

Laser Mouse

Laser mice, as its name suggests, uses infrared laser technology to detect the mouse’s movement.
The laser mouse is very similar to optical mice, only instead of an LED to track movement, it
utilizes lasers to monitor the movements of the mouse and represent them on the screen.

Laptop mouse

Laptop mouse have numerous of identical features as desktop mouse. They give a more compact
design that’s well-suited to smaller spaces that laptops are utilized in. These mouse are ideal for
laptop users unaccustomed to trackpads. Additionally they be useful if your trackpad fails and
you posess zero chance to change it instantly. Laptop mouse use a retractable cord having a USB
connection or may include wireless connection.

Wireless mouse

Wireless mouse provide capability of connecting without cables. That is very useful for gamers
as well as others who want room to freely move their mouse. A button ‘talks’ to the computer

14
with the infrared port that you just attach yourself. Some newer laptops consist of built-in
infrared ports where you can start employing the mouse without special hardware.

These sorts of mouse include the necessary driver software. You’ll normally be capable to start
using your brand-new mouse during first minutes. Wireless mouse are optical, taking into
account easier movement. Many wireless mouse are purchased plus a wireless keyboard. When
you’ve got a large enough monitor, you are able to safely sit well back through the computer and
still have the capacity to apply it efficiently.

Traditional mouse

Traditional computer mouse button will be the most affordable, when they make use of a simple
construction. They connect to your personal machine utilizing the mouse port, and some mouse
for Apple computers use a USB connection. Most mouse include a USB connection for those
who love the USB port within the mouse port.

No special application is needed, while you need to reboot after connecting in case you are
employing an older version of Windows. This kind of mouse does need to be periodically
disassembled for cleaning. You should make use of a lint-free, static-free cloth for cleaning. It
will eliminate harm to your mouse preventing any bothersome lint buildup.

3.MOUSE CONNECTION:

Today, almost all wired mice use USB as the interface to the computer. Older computers may
use PS/2 or Serial as an interface to the computer. If your mouse is wireless it can be
communicating over Bluetooth, radio frequency (RF), or infrared (IR).

Below are the steps on how to connect each of these types of computer mice.

USB mouse
Wireless mouse
PS/2 keyboard

Before getting started

1. Difficulty of installing computer mouse should be a 1 out of 5.

2. When connecting the PS/2 or Serial mouse, make sure the computer is turned off. If the
mouse is a USB mouse, the computer can be on or off during the installation.

Connect cables

Wireless Mouse

A wireless, or cordless, mouse has a receiver device that receives signals from the mouse and
sends signals to the mouse. The receiver connects to the computer using a PS/2 or USB port.
Check the PS/2 Mouse or USB Mouse section above for details on connecting the wireless
mouse to the computer.

PS/2 Mouse

Connect the mouse to the PS/2 port on the back of the computer. If you're using a USB mouse,
skip to the next section.

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When looking at the back of the computer, you'll notice two PS/2 ports next to each other. Verify
you're connecting the mouse into the teal or green port, as shown in the picture below. If your
PS/2 ports are not color coded, the mouse port will be the one furthest away from the left edge of
the computer (when looking at it from the back). If the ports are vertical and not horizontal, as
shown below, the mouse port could be either port, depending on the case and motherboard. Look
for a small symbol next to the port to identify which one is the mouse port.

USB Mouse

Connect the USB mouse to one of the USB ports on the back or front of your computer. If you
are using a USB port hub, connect the mouse to a USB port on the hub.

Serial Mouse

Connect the mouse to the serial port on the back of the computer. If you have more than one
serial port on the computer, we recommend connecting the mouse to the first port. Once
connected, depending on your computer setup, you may need to configure the mouse in CMOS
setup as found in the next section.

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4.MOUSE RESOULTION:

A number of factors affect the accuracy of an optical mouse. One of the most important aspects
is resolution. The resolution is the number of pixels per inch that the optical sensor and focusing
lens "see" when you move the mouse. Resolution is expressed as dots per inch (dpi). The higher
the resolution, the more sensitive the mouse is and the less you need to move it to obtain a
response.

Most mice have a resolution of 400 or 800 dpi. However, mice designed for playing electronic
games can offer as much as 1600 dpi resolution. Some gaming mice also allow you to decrease
the dpi on the fly to make the mouse less sensitive in situations when you need to make smaller,
slower movements.

What is mouse DPI (CPI)? Dots per inch (DPI) is the number of pixels in one inch (2.54cm.)
Mouse DPI, properly known as counts per inch (CPI) and formerly known as polls per inch
(PPI), is the number of times your mouse notifies the computer of its position per inch moved. If
you had 4 CPI your mouse would tell the computer it moved four times for every inch it traveled.

MOUSE INSTALLATION:

Insert the batteries into the mouse. Turn the mouse over, find the battery cover, and slide it
off. Insert the appropriate batteries—sometimes this is AA and other times AAA. Typically, you
will also turn on the mouse by pushing or sliding the “on” button.

Connect the receiver to the computer. Plug your receiver into an available USB port.

Connect the mouse to the receiver. Some mice are advertised as “plug and play" which means
that they do not require any software to work with your computer; however, others require
drivers to be downloaded to your computer. If your computer requires drivers to be downloaded,
then it will either automatically download or prompt you to download the drivers once you plug
in your receiver.
Test your new mouse. When the cursor moves when you move the mouse, you have connected
the mouse properly.
5.MOUSE TROUBLESHOOTING:

When I move the mouse, nothing happens.

Try the following:

 The USB connection may be loose. Try unplugging the mouse and plugging it back in.
 Plug the mouse into a different USB port.

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  If your mouse is plugged into a USB hub or USB switch box, try removing it and
plugging it directly into the computer.
 Unplug other USB devices that are not in use.
 If you are using a wireless mouse: For tips about troubleshooting problems with the
wireless connection, see Troubleshooting wireless and Bluetooth® issues.
 Try the mouse on another computer to verify it is not defective.

I logged in as a guest during Setup and received an installation error.

During Setup, you may have to restart the computer one or more times. Logging on as a member
of the Guests group during the Setup process may result in an installation error. Setup requires
that you are logged on as a member of the Administrators group.

When I install IntelliPoint software, Setup will not continue until I remove a different
mouse program.

If you already have mouse software installed on your computer, you may not be able to install
IntelliPoint until you remove the existing mouse software. Some computer manufacturers pre-
install mouse software that is appropriate for the mouse that came with the computer.

To remove the existing mouse software

1. Click Start, click Control Panel (make sure that you are in Classic View), and then
double-click Add or Remove Programs.
2. Under Currently installed programs, select the mouse software you want to remove,
and then click Change (or Remove, if available).
3. Follow the instructions on the screen for removing the existing mouse software. If you
cannot locate the mouse software you want to remove, see the documentation that was
included with your computer or contact the computer manufacturer.

I want to enable/disable automatic software updates for IntelliPoint.

To enable or disable automatic software updates from the Windows Start menu

1. Click Start, click All Programs, click Microsoft Mouse, and then click Quality
Settings.
2. Click Yes to enable automatic updates or click No to disable automatic updates.

I installed a new version of IntelliPoint over an earlier version of IntelliPoint software and
lost some customisation.

If you are using a previous version of IntelliPoint software and you install a new version of
IntelliPoint, you may lose some customisations, such as button reassignments. To fix this
problem, you may have to update your mouse customisations after you install IntelliPoint.

Some of the IntelliPoint software tabs are missing.

The IntelliPoint software tabs displayed depend on the mouse you used to open IntelliPoint. For
example, if you have a wired mouse and a wireless mouse connected, the Wireless tab is
displayed only if you open IntelliPoint by using the wireless mouse.

If an IntelliPoint software tab that is appropriate for your mouse is not displayed, close
IntelliPoint and then reopen it using the mouse that you want to configure.

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The Buttons tab displays a mouse model that differs from my mouse.

The mouse displayed on the Buttons tab determines the buttons that are listed. The number of
buttons and how they are situated may vary depending on the mouse model.

Typically, the mouse connected to the computer is detected and identified during IntelliPoint
Setup. If you have more than one mouse connected to your computer, or if you change to a new
Microsoft mouse, open the IntelliPoint software by using the Microsoft mouse you want to
configure. This action will make sure that the correct mouse is displayed in the list under
Connected devices. The product name is listed on the bottom of your mouse.

Some IntelliPoint features do not work in my programs.

Some IntelliPoint software features may not work with some programs. The programs must be
designed to use standard Windows functionality for all of the IntelliPoint features to work.

Also, in Windows 7 and Windows Vista, if you open a program using the Run as administrator
command, you may not be able to use some IntelliPoint software features.

Mouse usage

I used to rotate objects in a CAD program by pressing the wheel button, but this no longer
works.

In earlier versions of IntelliPoint software, the wheel button was assigned to AutoScroll, which
let you rotate objects in computer-aided drawing programs. In later versions, the wheel button is
assigned to Flip 3D. You can reassign button (or another button) to AutoScroll (or to Middle
Click) if you want to use it for this purpose now.

After I reassign a mouse button, the SHIFT key stays on even though I am not pressing it.

If you reassign a mouse button to a different command, you may experience SHIFT key
activation when you press the reassigned button while pressing certain keys on the keyboard.
This is the result of the hardware information that is sent by the keyboard interfering with the
software codes sent by the customised mouse button. To fix this problem, press the SHIFT key
to disable the SHIFT key activation, and then do not press a mouse button while pressing a key
on the keyboard.

The pointer does not move smoothly on the screen.

The mouse may be dirty which can impair performance. Try cleaning the mouse.

If you are using a mouse that has an optical sensor, make sure that you are using it on a surface
that does not impair performance. The sensor performs best on surfaces with detail to track. It
will not function on surfaces without visible detail (such as glass) or surfaces on which it has a
reflection (such as mirrors or glossy surfaces). The sensor may also have difficulty tracking on
highly repetitive patterns (such as printed magazine or newspaper photographs).

Sometimes I cannot find the pointer on the screen (it seems to be hidden).

 If the pointer has moved to the far edge of the screen and is no longer visible, try moving
the pointer in different directions until you can see the pointer on your screen.

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  Some programs intentionally cause the pointer to disappear when you move it over a
certain area. Try moving the pointer into a different area to see if the pointer will
reappear.

The mouse does not work correctly with my switch box.

IntelliPoint software is not supported on switch boxes. If you are using a switch box, some of the
IntelliPoint features, such as scrolling and reassigning buttons, may not work.

Try the following:

 Make sure that you install IntelliPoint software on each computer.

 Do not move the mouse when you switch between computers.
 If the wheel and wheel button stop working, restart the computer.
 If you experience other problems with the switch box, contact your switch-box supplier.

Moving the magnetic charging cable near my portable computer triggers standby mode.

Some portable computers use a magnetic field to detect if the lid is closed. If your mouse has a
magnetic charging cable, moving this cable too close to your computer may cause your computer
to go into standby mode. To avoid this problem, keep your magnetic charging cable away from
the portable computer keyboard.

My rechargeable mouse does not charge in hot conditions/direct sunlight.

If a rechargeable mouse becomes too hot while charging, the battery indicator light may still
flash green, but may not charge. Refer to the Product Guide included with your device to
determine normal operating temperatures.

Mouse buttons

One or more of the buttons do not work when I press them.

The Microsoft mouse buttons have default assignments when you first use them. Some of these
button commands may not work in the program that you are using. For example, the default
button assignment for the right button is Right-click, but some programs may not support this
command. Try pressing the button while you are using programs that you are sure support the
button's command. You can also reassign the button to a different command.

The button may also be assigned to a command that you are not familiar with. You can find out
the commands that are assigned to each button by using IntelliPoint software.

To determine the mouse button assignments

1. Using the mouse that you want to configure, start IntelliPoint.

(Click Start, point to All Programs, click Microsoft Mouse, and then click Microsoft
Mouse.)
2. Move the pointer over the box for each button. IntelliPoint will highlight that button's
location on the adjacent image.
3. The command assigned to each button is listed under the button name.

I am having difficulty double-clicking.

 Modify the double-click speed setting on the Activities tab in IntelliPoint software.
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Middle click does not work as expected in my application or game.

 Reassign the middle button to Middle-Click.

I reassigned a button, and it does not work as expected in my application or game.

 Some games and programs, such as Windows Terminal Services and Remote Desktop,
do not support customized button assignments.
 Customised button assignments do not work in Windows Safe Mode or when you open a
program using the Run as administrator command.
 Try uninstalling and reinstalling IntelliPoint software.

Mouse wheel

When I rotate the wheel, nothing happens.

If the wheel does not work in any program that has a scrollable document open (such as
Microsoft Internet Explorer), make sure that IntelliPoint wheel support is enabled:

1. Using the mouse that you want to configure, start IntelliPoint.

(Click Start, point to All Programs, click Microsoft Mouse, and then click Microsoft
Mouse.)
2. On the IntelliPoint Wheel tab, make sure that the Enable vertical scrolling check box is
selected.

If that does not resolve this problem, try reinstalling IntelliPoint, making sure to select
the correct mouse during Setup.

Note

If scrolling works in some programs (such as Microsoft Word or Internet Explorer) but not in
others, even though they have scroll bars, those other programs might not support the scroll
wheel.

When I rotate the wheel, my window sometimes disappears.

You can use mouse wheel to scroll, and you can also use it as a button. Clicking the wheel
switches to other open programs on your desktop. Sometimes while scrolling, you might
accidentally press the wheel and unintentionally switch to another open program. This is why the
active window seems to disappear, but it is actually still open on your desktop. If you want to
return to the previous window, click the wheel until that window appears again, or use the
Windows taskbar to switch to the window that you want.

To resolve the problem, avoid pressing down on the wheel while scrolling.

You can also disable the wheel button, if you prefer to use the wheel only for scrolling.

To disable the wheel button

1. Using the mouse that you want to configure, start IntelliPoint.

(Click Start, point to All Programs, click Microsoft Mouse, and then click Microsoft
Mouse.)
2. In the Wheel button list, click Disabled.

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Magnifier

I want to change the size of the Magnifier, but I do not know how.

To adjust the size of the Magnifier

1. Click the appropriate mouse button to display the Magnifier.

2. Press and hold the same button, and then move your mouse to change the size of the
Magnifier. Move the mouse down and to the right to increase the size of the window; up
and to the left to decrease it.

I am having trouble turning off Magnifier.

 Quickly click the button assigned to Magnifier once, without moving the mouse.

Sometimes the Magnifier turns off automatically.

If a mouse button is assigned to Magnify globally, but you have a different action assigned to
that button in a specific program (or vice versa), IntelliPoint might turn off the Magnifier
automatically if you switch from a program where the Magnifier is recognized to one where it is
not.

The Magnifier does not make the content of all of my windows larger.

The Magnifier may not correctly display images or video in some applications or games.

Macros

I am unable to record/run macros while playing an online game.

 While playing online games, you may not be able to record or run macros. This is
because the security programs you are running, for example, intrusion detection software,
may prevent you from using in-game recording and playback.
 Unplug other USB devices that are not in use.
 Try the mouse on another computer to verify it is working correctly.
 If you are using a wireless mouse: For tips about troubleshooting problems with the
wireless connection, see Troubleshooting wireless and Bluetooth issues.

Quick Turn

Quick Turn does not work.

 Try calibrating Quick Turn again.

 In Windows 7 and Windows Vista, if you start a game using elevated administrator
credentials, many IntelliPoint features, including Quick Turn, will not work.
 If you are using Program-Specific Settings, try using ALT+TAB to switch out of the
game, and then switch back into the game.

Quick Turn does not calibrate correctly.

If Quick Turn does not calibrate correctly:

 Try calibrating Quick Turn again. While calibrating,

o Wait until the Quick Turn icon appears in the mouse display before turning.
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 o Turn your character in a full 360-degree circle.
 Disable in-game acceleration and smoothing.

Some games include in-game acceleration. This can be disabled. Search for game options
such as mouse acceleration, mouse smoothing or mouse averaging. Try disabling these
features, and try calibrating Quick Turn again.
1. Using the mouse that you want to configure, start Intellipoint.
(Click Start, point to All Programs, click Microsoft Mouse, and then click
Microsoft Mouse.)
2. On the Pointer Options tab, under Motion, clear the Enhance Pointer Precision
check box to turn off mouse acceleration.
When in-game acceleration cannot be disabled:

Some games, such as Halo and Halo 2, have in-game acceleration speeds that cannot be disabled.
These games may use different mouse acceleration when your character is standing still and
when the character is moving. The following tips may help minimize the effects of in-game
acceleration: Tips
o Try calibrating Quick Turn quickly. When recording, start the turn by quickly
zipping the mouse to the left or right. Next, slowly finish the circle and release the
button to finish the recording. and release the button to finish the recording.
o Try calibrating Quick Turn while your character is walking.
o Try calibrating Quick Turn while your character is standing still.

Quick Turn may be affected by changes in mouse speed, acceleration, or sensitivity settings. If
you change any of these settings, you may have to recalibrate Quick Turn.

Tip

Use Program-Specific Settings to save a different Quick Turn for each game you play.

To record a different Quick Turn for each game you play

1. Using the mouse that you want, start Intellipoint.

(Click Start, point to All Programs, click Microsoft Mouse, and then click Microsoft
Mouse.)
2. Open the Buttons tab.
3. Select Enable program-specific settings and click Settings.
4. In the Program-Specific Settings dialogue, select a game from the Programs list.
5. Assign a mouse button to Quick Turn and click Apply.
6. From the Programs list, select another game.
7. Assign a mouse button to Quick Turn and click Apply.
8. When you have finished, click OK.

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