Panaverse DAO

Web 3.0 User Manual

Join the Future Now
Zia Khan
MA, MBA, MAC, MSE, CPA, and CMA
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ziaukhan/

www.panaverse.co
What is Ethereum?
● Ethereum was launched back in 2015 and is famous for being a
decentralized and open-source proof-of-stake blockchain with
smart contracts functionality.
● One of Ethereum’s biggest strengths is its variety of use cases,
and the list keeps on growing every year.
● As with Bitcoin, it is a large database of all the transactions
conducted on the Ethereum Network.
● A database usually structures its data into tables, whereas a
blockchain, as its name implies, structures its data into chunks
(blocks) that are strung together.
What is Ether (ETH)?
● Ether is the transactional token that facilitates
operations on the Ethereum Blockchain network.
● While ether is the cryptocurrency of the Ethereum
network, metaphorically speaking, it is more accurate
to refer to it as the "fuel" of the network.
● Ether is the world’s second-largest virtual currency by
market capitalization; it is second only to Bitcoin (BTC)
according to market value.
● ETH isn’t just a speculative asset; it has actual value.
Ethereum Base Units
Think of the smallest unit of ether – wei – as a penny. It
takes a whole bunch of wei to make an ether. 10^18 wei, to
be exact.

10^9 wei is a gwei. Gwei is most commonly used when

talking about gas (network transaction fees). Rather than
saying your gas cost is 0.000000001 ether you can say 1
gwei.
Ethereum Gas Fee
● Gas is essential to the Ethereum network. It is the fuel that allows it
to operate, in the same way that a car needs gasoline to run.
● Gas refers to the unit that measures the amount of computational
effort required to execute specific operations on the Ethereum
network.
● Since each Ethereum transaction requires computational resources
to execute, each transaction requires a fee. Gas refers to the fee
required to conduct a transaction on Ethereum successfully.
● Gas fees are paid in Ethereum's native currency, ether (ETH). Gas
prices are denoted in gwei, which itself is a denomination of ETH -
each gwei is equal to 0.000000001 ETH (10-9 ETH).
https://etherscan.io/gastracker

Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of

Ethereum, believes Ethereum will
be able to process close to
1,00,000 transactions per second.
At present, it can do 25 per
second.

The next stage is sharding, a

process to reduce network
congestion and increase
transaction speed.

Sharding will create 64 different

shards so that the information of
the blockchain is split up.
Ethereum for Applications
● Ethereum will completely transform applications of all
shapes and sizes.
● With a built-in scripting language and distributed virtual
machine, smart contracts can be built to carry out all sorts of
functions without the need for a trusted third party or
central authority.
● Using its internal cryptocurrency, ether, nodes can be paid
for their processing power in running these decentralized
apps, and entire decentralized autonomous organizations
(DOAs) will exist in an ether economy.
What is a Dapp?
● A dapp has its backend code running on a decentralized
peer-to-peer network. Contrast this with an app where the
backend code is running on centralized servers.
● A decentralized application (dapp) is an application built on a
decentralized network that combines a smart contract and a
frontend user interface.
● On Ethereum, smart contracts are accessible and
transparent – like open APIs – so your dapp can even include
a smart contract that someone else has written.
Ethereum for DeFi
● Ethereum has given rise to a new constellation of “decentralized
finance” or DeFi businesses and projects.
● Essentially the cryptocurrency version of Wall Street, DeFi aims to
offer people access to financial services—borrowing, lending, and
trading—without the need for legacy institutions such as banks and
brokerages, which often take large commissions and other fees.
● Most DeFi apps are built on the Ethereum blockchain.
● Ethereum has a range of potential applications beyond
cryptocurrency, experts say, such as facilitating real estate deals
and international trade.
Summary From ‘How To DeFi
(Beginner)’ Book

https://blog.cryptostars.is/su
mmary-from-how-to-defi-begi
nner-book-by-coingecko-23e
0c001e0ad
8 DeFi Key Categories
1. Stablecoins
2. Lending & Borrowing
3. Exchanges
4. Derivatives
5. Fund Management
6. Lottery
7. Payments
8. Insurance
Ethereum for Global Trade and
Commerce
● International trade is a $16 trillion market that accounts
for the exchange of capital, goods, and services across
international borders or territories.
● Major trading companies around the world are
recognizing the transformative impact of Ethereum
blockchain technology in operating global supply
chains, managing trade finance, and unlocking new
business models.
REAL ESTATE ASSET
TOKENIZATION
● Real estate is the world’s most significant store of wealth. The total value of
all the world’s real estate stands at USD 327 trillion, a record high. To put
that into context, the value of all gold ever mined pales by comparison at
USD 12.1 trillion — just 4% of the value of global property.
● Tokenization of commercial real estate transactions will reduce transaction
costs from 30% to 2%, entry barriers for investors from $200,000 to $100
and reduce the time for conducting operations from 1 month to 1 click.
● Asset Fractionalisation is the simple process of dividing an asset into
smaller denominations so that many users can buy its partial ownership.
● We can apply to Assets such as art, precious metals, real estate, private
equity or debt positions, etc.
● https://github.com/panacloud-modern-global-apps/defi-dapps-solidity-sm
art-contracts/tree/main/step20_real_estate_tokenization
 What is a Crypto Wallet?

Crypto wallets keep your private keys – the passwords

that give you access to your cryptocurrencies – safe and
accessible, allowing you allow you to send, receive, and
spend cryptocurrencies like Ethereum and ERC-20
Tokens.
 What is MetaMask?

MetaMask is a cryptocurrency wallet that enables users

to access the Web 3 ecosystem of decentralized
applications (dapps). It also enables users to store Ether
and other ERC-20 tokens.
 Goerli Testnet
It is named after a train station in Berlin and is
one of the largest and most active
Ethereum test nets.

https://www.definitions.net/pronounce/Goerli
What is a Faucet?
Few developers want to spend real
money when testing or deploying
smart contracts. That’s why testnet
faucets are the ideal solution – you
get free cryptocurrencies you can
use to pay gas when deploying or
testing smart contracts.
 1. Change to
Goerli Test
Network
2. Create a
testing account
3. Copy Your
Wallet Address
What is a Etherscan?
Etherscan, an Ethereum blockchain
explorer, allows you to search the
Ethereum blockchain for free.
Through the tool, you can see records of
past transactions, smart contracts, wallets,
gas fees, and other information related to
the Ethereum network.
What is Uniswap?
● Uniswap is the largest decentralized exchange (or DEX) operating on the Ethereum
blockchain.
● It allows users anywhere in the world to trade crypto without an intermediary.
● UNI, the governance token that allows users to vote on key protocol changes.
● Uniswap was one of the first decentralized finance (or DeFi) applications to gain
significant traction on Ethereum — launching in November 2018.
● Numerous other decentralized exchanges have launched (including Curve, SushiSwap,
and Balancer), but Uniswap is currently the most popular by a significant margin.
● Uniswap pioneered the Automated Market Maker model, in which users supply
Ethereum tokens to Uniswap “liquidity pools” and algorithms set market prices (as
opposed to order books, which match bids and asks on a centralized exchange like
Coinbase) based on supply and demand.
● By supplying tokens to Uniswap liquidity pools, users can earn rewards while enabling
peer-to-peer trading.
● Anyone, anywhere, can supply tokens to liquidity pools, trade tokens, or even create
and list their own tokens (using Ethereum’s ERC-20 protocol).
What is Binance?
● Binance is an online exchange where users can trade cryptocurrencies.
It supports most commonly traded cryptocurrencies.
● Binance is a cryptocurrency exchange with the highest liquidity, and
Uniswap can be considered its decentralized equivalent.
● Binance provides a crypto wallet for traders to store their electronic
funds.
● The exchange also has supporting services for users to earn interest or
transact using cryptocurrencies.
● Users can buy, sell, and trade crypto, choose options and futures
trading, apply for crypto loans, earn passive income and more with a
single login. These centralized products are easy-to-use and
comprehend, and can be accessed using a web browser, desktop or
mobile app.
Uniswap vs Binance?
● Uniswap v3 is the the largest decentralized exchange by trading volume, with more than
$1.7 billion worth of assets changing hands in 24 hours, according to data from
Coingecko.
● However, Binance is the largest centralized crypto exchange with $22.2 billion in trading
volume over the same period. Coinbase, meanwhile, logged $3.1 billion.
● Uniswap has four fee tiers: 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.30% and 1.00%. Depending on the pair you
trade, you could be charged as low as a 0.01% fee or as high as a 1% fee.
● Stablecoin pairs like USDC/USDT on Uniswap have usually low fees while altcoin pairs
tend to have higher fees, which you can check out on Uniswap’s overview page.
● Binance, on the other hand, has very low trading fees starting from 0.10%.
● The research used a metric called market depth to compare liquidity across Uniswap v3
and the centralized exchanges. Market depth, a common method used to measure
liquidity on exchanges, shows how much of one asset can be traded for another at a
given price level. For an Ether/USD trading pair, a trader who executes a single
$5-million trade can save about $24,000 on Uniswap v3 compared with Coinbase,
according the research.
 How to buy
Ethereum in
Pakistan
https://www.techjuice.pk/how-to-buy-ethereum-in-pakistan/
What is ERC-20?
● Ethereum Request for Comment 20 (ERC-20) is the implemented standard for fungible
tokens created using the Ethereum blockchain. It is the technical standard used in
many new tokens created using the Ethereum ecosystem.
● A fungible token is one that is interchangeable with another token—where the
well-known non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are not interchangeable.
● It guides the creation of new tokens on the Ethereum blockchain so that they are
interchangeable with other tokens used within smart contracts.
● Smart contracts were becoming more popular in 2015, but several issues needed to be
addressed. Because anyone could make a token, many were being created. However,
there wasn't a way to ensure that all of the different tokens could be created, used, or
exchanged.
● Without a standardized methodology for tokens, every application would need its own
token, and users would need to find a way to convert them back and forth between the
hundreds of apps being developed.
Create Your ERC20 Token
Create your own ERC-20 token using your name on Goerli Testnet e.g. ZiaCoin
https://www.smartcontracts.tools/token-generator/create/ethereum/
ZiaCoin (ZIA)
Contract Address: 0x73bf59cE49925b3be66a1c3B0ed1bf9E0a5C23Bb

Transaction Hash:
0x2f8b013a82f6575afd9ca3ddd4a3b8c923ef51970bd7d6ce5bf68072f1c72044
Importing Token in the Metamask Wallet
What are NFTs?
● Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are cryptographic assets on a blockchain with unique
identification codes and metadata that distinguish them from each other.
● Unlike cryptocurrencies, they cannot be traded or exchanged at equivalency. This
differs from fungible tokens like cryptocurrencies, which are identical to each
other and, therefore, can serve as a medium for commercial transactions.
● NFTs (non-fungible tokens) are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a
blockchain and cannot be replicated.
● NFTs can represent real-world items like artwork and real estate.
● "Tokenizing" these real-world tangible assets makes buying, selling, and trading
them more efficient while reducing the probability of fraud.
● NFTs can also function to represent individuals' identities, property rights, and
more.
● Collectors have sought NFTs as their value initially soared, but has since
moderated.
What is OpenSea?
● The world's first and largest digital marketplace for crypto collectibles and
non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Buy, sell, and discover exclusive digital items.
● Is the first ever decentralized NFT marketplace built on the Ethereum blockchain
and is currently the largest.
● OpenSea is a regionalized peer-based marketplace for trading rare and unique
digital assets.
● Whether it’s collectibles, arts, or gaming items developed on NFT (non-fungible
token) technology and flow on the blockchain of Ethereum, an investor can buy,
sell, and trade these on OpenSea.
● platform has over 1 million users in 2022.
● It has recently entered the Alexa 500 Most Visited Websites, with a total of 121.7
million views.
● Over 80 million different types of NFTs are available for trade on OpenSea.
● Over 80% of the free NFTs created on OpenSea are either fraudulent or spam.
https://testnets.opensea.io/assets/goerli/0xf4910c763ed4e47a585e2d34baa9a4b611ae448c/1075118431070623999138279527371873
22873231599781756762181812533941645749518337/
Moved to the Miannet
https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/73782911227094328344895653986009542173
456616826702744110379126603811542532097/ Published Free on Mainnet
Challenge Assignment: Become a Liquidity
Provider on Uniswap (Goerli Testnet)

Part 1: Provide Liquidity to a existing pool

Getting Started
https://support.uniswap.org/hc/en-us/sections/8122851346573-Getting-Started

Tutorial: How to Become a Liquidity Provider on Uniswap

https://opensea.io/collection/panaverse

Part 2: Create a New Pool and Provide Liquidity

Advanced requirement is that you create a pool of your own Tokens:

https://tokpie.io/blog/how-create-pool-uniswap-erc20-pair/
Publish Challenge Assignment: Become a
Liquidity Provider on Uniswap (Goerli Testnet)

After you have completed the challenge publish it on:

Twitter and refer to @Panaverse_edu with hashtags #web3 and #uniswap

Facebook Group:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/panaverse

Panaverse Channels on Panacloud Discord Server:

https://discord.gg/GggDkBwJDr

Whatsapp to me all the details at: 923008263374

 Panaverse DAO
The Web 3.0 & Metaverse Team

www.panaverse.co
https://discord.gg/GggDkBwJDr
https://twitter.com/Panaverse_edu
https://www.facebook.com/groups/panaverse