Language Comparison

Java, C#, Python and JavaScript

SoftUni Team
Technical Trainers
Software University
https://softuni.org
Table of Contents

1. Execution Model
2. Variables
3. Data Types
4. Printing on the Console
5. Conditional Statements
6. Loops
7. Development Environments (IDE)
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Execution Model
Compiler vs. Interpreter
Language Execution Model
▪ Compiled languages source
code
compiler machine execution
code

▪ Source code is first compiled to machine code, then executed

▪ Syntax errors are found during the compilation (at compile time)
▪ Examples: C#, Java, C, C++, Swift, Go, Rust
▪ Interpreted languages source
code
execution

▪ Each command is read, parsed and executed by an interpreter

▪ Syntax errors are found at run-time, during execution
▪ Examples: Python, JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Ruby
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Statically-Typed vs. Dynamic Typed
▪ Type systems in programming languages
▪ Statically-typed languages perform int n = 5; C#
type checking at compile time n = "Hi"; // error!
▪ Examples: C#, Java, Swift, C++ int func(int n) { … }

▪ Dynamically-typed languages
let n = 5; JS
perform type checking at runtime
n = "Hi"; // OK
▪ Examples: Python, JS, PHP
function f(n) { … }
▪ Combined typing: C#, TypeScript,
Objective-C, Dart, …
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 Variables
Declaring Variables in C#, Java, JS and Python
Declaring Variables in C# / Java
▪ To declare variable in C# / Java you need to use the pattern:
{data type} {variable name} = {value};

▪ C# ▪ Java
int firstNumber = 5; int firstNumber = 5;
string name = "Peter"; String name = "Peter";
bool isPassed = false; boolean isPassed = false;
char gender = 'F'; char gender = 'F';
double mathGrade = 5.49; double mathGrade = 5.49;
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Declaring Variables in JavaScript
▪ To declare variable in JS you need to use the keyword let:
let {variable name} = {value};

▪ Examples:
let firstNumber = 5;
let name = "Peter";
let isPassed = false;
let mathGrade = 5.49;

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Declaring Variables in Python
▪ Python has no keyword for declaring a variable
▪ Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type
▪ Examples of using variables in Python:
first_number = 5
name = "Peter"
is_passed = False
math_grade = 5.49

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 Data Types
Data Types in C#, Java, JS and Python
Primitive Data Types in C# and Java
▪ Built-in data types in C# ▪ Built-in data types in Java
▪ Integer – int, long ▪ Integer – int, long
▪ Real number – double, float ▪ Real number – double, float
▪ Text – string, char ▪ Text – String, char
▪ Boolean – boolean
▪ Boolean – bool
▪ Other – Object
▪ Other – object
int size = 50;
int size = 50; ((Object)size).getClass(
size.GetType() Int32 ) Integer

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Data Types in JavaScript
▪ In JS data types are inferred from the values
▪ Not explicitly specified at variable declaration
▪ Primitive data types:
▪ number let size = 50;
▪ string typeof(size) number
▪ boolean let name = "Peter";
typeof(name) string
▪ object
let arr = [3, 5, 8];
▪ null
typeof(arr) object
▪ undefined
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Data Types in Python
▪ In Python variables keep values of certain type
▪ The data type is inferred from the value
▪ Built-in data types in Python:
▪ int size = 50;
▪ float type(size) int
name = "Peter"
▪ str
type(name) str
▪ boolean values = [2, 3, 4]
▪ list type(values) list
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 Printing on the Console
Printing Data in C#, Java, JS and Python
Printing on the Console in C#
▪ Printing content and then going to a new line
Console.WriteLine("Peter");

▪ Printing content and staying on the same line

Console.Write(" and Maria");

▪ Printing with formatting

string name = "Maria";
int age = 25;
Console.WriteLine(
$"{name} is {age} years old.");
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Printing on the Console in Java
▪ Printing content and then going to a new line
System.out.println("Peter");

▪ Printing content and staying on the same line

System.out.print(" and Maria");

▪ Printing with formatting

String name = "Maria";
int age = 25;
System.out.printf(
"%s is %d years old.", name, age);
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Printing on the Console in JavaScript
▪ Printing content and then going to a new line
console.log("Peter");

▪ Printing content and staying on the same line

process.stdout.write("and Maria");
Works only at
▪ Printing with formatting the server-side

let name = "Maria";

let age = 25;
console.log(
`${name} is ${age} years old.`);
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Printing on the Console in Python
▪ Printing content and then going to a new line
print("Peter");

▪ Printing content and staying on the same line

print("and Maria", end='');

▪ Printing with formatting

name = "Maria";
age = 25;
print(
f'{name} is {age} years old.');
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 Conditional Statements
If-Else Statements in C#, Java, JS and Python
If-Else Statements in C# and Java
▪ If-Else in C# ▪ If-Else in Java
double grade = 4.50; double grade = 4.50
if (grade >= 3.00) if (grade >= 3.00) {
{ System.out.println("Passed!");
Console.WriteLine("Passed!");
} else {
}
else System.out.println("Failed!");
{ }
Console.WriteLine("Failed!");
}

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If-Else in JavaScript and Python
▪ If-Else in JavaScript ▪ If-Else in Python
let grade = 4.50; grade = 4.50
if (grade >= 3.00) { if grade >= 3.00:
console.log("Passed!"); print("Passed!")
} else { else:
console.log("Failed!"); print("Failed!")
}

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 Loops
Loops in C#, Java, JS and Python
While Loop in C# and Java
▪ While loop in C# ▪ While loop in Java
int counter = 0; int counter = 0;
while (counter <= 9) while (counter <= 9) {
{ System.out.println(counter);
Console.WriteLine(counter); counter++;
counter++; }
}

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While Loop in JS and Python
▪ While loop in JS ▪ While loop in Python
let counter = 0; counter = 0
while (counter <= 9) { while counter <= 9:
console.log(counter); print(counter)
counter++; counter += 1
}

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For Loop in C# and Java
▪ For-loop in C#
for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}

▪ For-loop in Java
for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
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For Loop in JS and Python
▪ For-loop in JS
for (let i = 0; i <= 9; i++) {
console.log(i);
}

▪ For-loop in Python
for i in range(0, 10):
print(x)

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 IDE
Integrated Development Environments
Most Popular IDE for C#

Visual Studio

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Most Popular IDE for Java

IntelliJ IDEA

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Most Popular IDE for JavaScript

Visual Studio Code

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Most Popular IDE for Python

PyCharm

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Universal Online IDEs

REPL.it
Online IDE for C#, Java, JS, Python and many others

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Questions?

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