Computational Geometry Mock

Tovi Wen
January 2020

Abstract
Hi AOPS! In the past I have written one or two mock contests which I believe have been
fairly positively received. This is a slightly less serious mock as it does not mirror any specific
competition format. However, I think that the problems are still interesting and deserve a
place for people to attempt them. I hope you enjoy this!

Acknowledgements
Thanks to Rishabh Das and Derek Dong for helpful edits and test solving. Thanks to David Altizio
for helping me reword problem 8.

Rules & Submitting

• In order to submit a response to the contest, please PM me with a list of your answers.
• The answer to every problem is a nonnegative integer.
• No computational aids other than scratch paper are allowed. In particular, compass/straightedge
are not allowed.

• The time limit on this contest is 90 minutes. I don’t really care if you spend longer than this,
but if you do please include exactly how long you spent in your submission. If you spent ≤ 90
minutes don’t tell me anything.

Note: In my opinion, the problems are extremely challenging. While the style is similar, this is
certainly significantly harder than an average PUMaC/HMMT/CMIMC so keep this in mind.

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Problems
1. Let ABCD be a square. Points X and Y lie on segments BC and CD, respectively, such that
XY = 3, AX = 4, and AY = 5. Then the area of ABCD may be written was ab for coprime
integers a, b. Find a + b.

2. Let x, y be randomly chosen real numbers such that 0 √ < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1. Let P denote
2 2 aπ + b c
the probability that x + y < 4. Then P = for positive integers a, b, c, d with
d
gcd(a, b, d) = 1 and c square-free. Find a + b + c + d.

3. In triangle ABC, AB = AC. D lies on AB and E lies on AC such that DE passes through
the midpoint M of BC. Given M D 2
M E = 3 and BD + CE = 4, compute AE.

4. In triangle ABC, AB = 4, BC = 5, CA = 6. Points D 6= B and E 6= C lie on lines AB and

AC respectively, such that BD = CE. Suppose that the circumcircles of 4ABC and 4ADE
intersect at P 6= A. The sum of all possible values of AP 2 may be written was pq for coprime
integers p, q. Compute p + q.

5. Let ABC be a triangle and let D be the point on BC such that AD passes through the
circumcenter of 4ABC. If AD = 8, BD = 10, and CD = 17, then the value of AB · AC may
be written in the form ab for coprime integers a, b. Find a + b.

6. Points D, E, F are chosen on sides BC, CA, AB of triangle 4ABC, respectively such that

• Lines AD, BE, CF are concurrent.

• Triangles 4ABC and 4DEF share the same circumcenter.

Assume that AF = 4, BD = 18, CE = 3. Compute the perimeter of 4ABC.

7. Let E be an ellipse with a major axis of length 10. Circle ω with center O is tangent to E at
P . The line OP intersects the major and minor axes of E at X and Y , respectively. Suppose
√
that P X = 4 and P Y = 6. The distance between the foci of E may be written as pq r for
coprime integers p, q and a square-free integer r. Find p + q + r.

8. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Let D be a point on the circumcircle of
this triangle such that the perpendicular bisector of AD intersects segments AB and AC, at
points E and F respectively. Suppose line segments EN and F M intersect at P , where M
and N are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. If AP = 6 and P D = 9, compute AB 2 .

2
 Computational Geometry Mock
Tovi Wen
January 2020

Abstract
Hi AOPS! In the past I have written one or two mock contests which I believe have been
fairly positively received. This is a slightly less serious mock as it does not mirror any specific
competition format. However, I think that the problems are still interesting and deserve a
place for people to attempt them. I hope you enjoy this!

Acknowledgements
Thanks to Rishabh Das and Derek Dong for helpful edits and test solving. Thanks to David Altizio
for helping me reword problem 8.

Rules & Submitting

• In order to submit a response to the contest, please PM me with a list of your answers.
• The answer to every problem is a nonnegative integer.
• No computational aids other than scratch paper are allowed. In particular, compass/straightedge
are not allowed.

• The time limit on this contest is 90 minutes. I don’t really care if you spend longer than this,
but if you do please include exactly how long you spent in your submission. If you spent ≤ 90
minutes don’t tell me anything.

Note: In my opinion, the problems are extremely challenging. While the style is similar, this is
certainly significantly harder than an average PUMaC/HMMT/CMIMC so keep this in mind.

1
Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Problems
1. Let ABCD be a square. Points X and Y lie on segments BC and CD, respectively, such that
XY = 3, AX = 4, and AY = 5. Then the area of ABCD may be written was ab for coprime
integers a, b. Find a + b.

2. Let x, y be randomly chosen real numbers such that 0 √ < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1. Let P denote
2 2 aπ + b c
the probability that x + y < 4. Then P = for positive integers a, b, c, d with
d
gcd(a, b, d) = 1 and c square-free. Find a + b + c + d.

3. In triangle ABC, AB = AC. D lies on AB and E lies on AC such that DE passes through
2
the midpoint M of BC. Given M D
M E = 3 and BD + CE = 4, compute AE.

4. In triangle ABC, AB = 4, BC = 5, CA = 6. Points D 6= B and E 6= C lie on lines AB and

AC respectively, such that BD = CE. Suppose that the circumcircles of 4ABC and 4ADE
intersect at P 6= A. The sum of all possible values of AP 2 may be written as pq for coprime
integers p, q. Compute p + q.

5. Let ABC be a triangle and let D be the point on BC such that AD passes through the
circumcenter of 4ABC. If AD = 8, BD = 10, and CD = 17, then the value of AB · AC may
be written in the form ab for coprime integers a, b. Find a + b.

6. Points D, E, F are chosen on sides BC, CA, AB of triangle 4ABC, respectively such that

• Lines AD, BE, CF are concurrent.

• Triangles 4ABC and 4DEF share the same circumcenter.

Assume that AF = 4, BD = 18, CE = 3. Compute the perimeter of 4ABC.

7. Let E be an ellipse with a major axis of length 10. Circle ω with center O is tangent to E at
P . The line OP intersects the major and minor axes of E at X and Y , respectively. Suppose
√
that P X = 4 and P Y = 6. The distance between the foci of E may be written as pq r for
coprime integers p, q and a square-free integer r. Find p + q + r.

8. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Let D be a point on the circumcircle of
this triangle such that the perpendicular bisector of AD intersects segments AB and AC, at
points E and F respectively. Suppose line segments EN and F M intersect at P , where M
and N are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. If AP = 6 and P D = 9, compute AB 2 .

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Answers
1. 273
2. 20
3. 12
4. 263

5. 10583
6. 48
7. 16

8. 150

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Solutions
1. Let ABCD be a square. Points X and Y lie on segments BC and CD, respectively, such that
XY = 3, AX = 4, and AY = 5. Then the area of ABCD may be written was ab for coprime
integers a, b. Find a + b.

D Y C

A B

Notice that ∠AXY = 90◦ by the Pythagorean theorem. Then

∠BXA = 90◦ − ∠CXY = ∠CY X

so 4CY X ∼ 4BXA. By similar side ratios, 4CX = 3AB. Set AB = 4s. Then CX =
4
3s, BX = s. By the Pythagorean theorem on 4BXA, (4s)2 + s2 = 16 =⇒ s = √ . It
17
follows that
16 256
AB = 4s = √ =⇒ AB 2 = [ABCD] =
17 17
which gives an answer of 273 .
2. Let x, y be randomly chosen real numbers such that 0 √ < x < 2 and 0 < y < 1. Let P denote
2 2 aπ + b c
the probability that x + y < 4. Then P = for positive integers a, b, c, d with
d
gcd(a, b, d) = 1 and c square-free. Find a + b + c + d.

F E
D

A B

Set points A(0, 0), B(2, 0), C(0, 2), D(0, 1), E(2, 1). For a point P inside rectangle ABED,
note that if x is the distance from P to AD and y is the distance from P to BE, then x2 +y 2 is
the distance from P to the origin. If x2 + y 2 < 4, then P must lie inside the circle with center
A and radius 2. So, we want to find the area of the sector of the circle whose arc-endpoints
are E and B.

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Notice that since DE is the perpendicular bisector of AC, 4ADF is a 30 − 60 − 90 right

30
triangle so ∠F AB = 30◦ . Hence, the area is given by 360 · 22 · π = π3 . Moreover, the area of
√ 1 √
4ADF is 1 · 3 · 2 = 23 . So, by geometric probability, the answer is
√ √ √
π
3 + 23 π 3 2π + 3 3
= + =
2·1 6 4 12
yielding an answer of 20 .
3. In triangle ABC, AB = AC. D lies on AB and E lies on AC such that DE passes through
2
the midpoint M of BC. Given M D
M E = 3 and BD + CE = 4, compute AE.

M
B C

As ABC is isosceles, AM bisects ∠BAC ≡ ∠DAE. Thus by the Angle Bisector Theorem on
4ADE, AD = 4a and AE = 6a for some a. Set AB = AC = b. Then BD = b − 4a and
CE = 6a − b so 4 = BD + CE = 2a = AE3 hence AE = 12 .

4. In triangle ABC, AB = 4, BC = 5, CA = 6. Points D 6= B and E 6= C lie on lines AB and

AC respectively, such that BD = CE. Suppose that the circumcircles of 4ABC and 4ADE
intersect at P 6= A. The sum of all possible values of AP 2 may be written as pq for coprime
integers p, q. Compute p + q.

Note that P is the center of the spiral similarity sending segment BD to CE. It follows
that 4P BD ∼ 4P CE so as BD = CE the two triangles are in fact congruent. Therefore,
P B = P C.

Hence, the two possible locations of P are the intersections of the perpendicular bisector of
BC with (ABC). P is the midpoint of arc BC d of (ABC) when D and E lie on the same
side of line BC and P is the midpoint of arc BAC of (ABC) when D and E lie on opposite
\
sides of BC.

Therefore, it suffices to compute AM 2 + AN 2 where M and N are the midpoints of BC

d and
◦
BAC,
\ respectively. Since ∠M AN = 90 , by the Pythagorean theorem

AM 2 + AN 2 = M N 2 = (2R)2 = 4R2

where R is the circumradius of 4ABC. Using abc

= [ABC] we may compute R = √8 so
4R 7
256
4R2 = 7 yielding an answer of 263 .

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

5. Let ABC be a triangle and let D be the point on BC such that AD passes through the
circumcenter of 4ABC. If AD = 8, BD = 10, and CD = 17, then the value of AB · AC may
be written in the form ab for coprime integers a, b. Find a + b.

Let ω denote the circumcircle of 4ABC and let γ denote the circle with center D and radius
DA. Then ω and γ are internally tangent. Let AB, AC meet γ again at M, N , respectively.
By homothety, we get M N k BC we have

Pow(B, ω) BM · BA AB 2
= = .
Pow(C, ω) CN · CA AC 2

Using the OP 2 − r2 definition of Power of a Point, we get

 2
BD2 − AD2 36 2
2 2
= =
CD − AD 225 5

AB 2
so = . Let AB = 2x, AC = 5x. Then we seek 10x2 . Applying Stewart’s theorem, we
AC 5
have
10 · 17 · 27 + 27(8)2 = (2x)2 · 17 + (5x)2 · 10
1053 10530
and thus we may solve for x2 = 53 so 10x2 = 53 so the answer is 10583 .

6. Points D, E, F are chosen on sides BC, CA, AB of triangle 4ABC, respectively such that

• Lines AD, BE, CF are concurrent.

• Triangles 4ABC and 4DEF share the same circumcenter.

Assume that AF = 4, BD = 18, CE = 3. Compute the perimeter of 4ABC.

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

B C
D

Let O denote the common circumcenter of the two triangles, and let R be the circumradius
of 4ABC. Since OD = OE = OF we have
OD2 = OE 2 = OF 2 =⇒ R2 − OD2 = R2 − OE 2 = R2 − OF 2 .
But we recognize this as
Pow(ABC) (D) = Pow(ABC) (E) = Pow(ABC) (F )
so
AF · BF = BD · CD = CE · AE.
It follows that there exists a positive real number a such that BF = 9a, CD = 2a, AE = 12a.
Moreover, since AD, BE, CF concur, by Ceva’s theorem we know that
216 = AF · BD · CE = BF · CD · AE = 216a3
implying that a = 1. Hence, AB = 13, BC = 20, CA = 15 so the perimeter is 48 .
7. Let E be an ellipse with a major axis of length 10. Circle ω with center O is tangent to E at
P . The line OP intersects the major and minor axes of E at X and Y , respectively. Suppose
√
that P X = 4 and P Y = 6. The distance between the foci of E may be written as pq r for
coprime integers p, q and a square-free integer r. Find p + q + r.

F1 X F2

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Let F1 , F2 denote the foci of E. As the major axis has length 10 we have P F1 + P F2 = 10. I
claim that OP bisects ∠F1 P F2 .

Proof. Consider the tangent ` drawn to E at P . It is well known that the acute angle formed
between ` and P F1 is equal to the acute angle formed between ` and P F2 so since OP ⊥ `,
the claim is proven.

Note that Y lies on the perpendicular bisector of F1 F2 so by the converse of Fact 5, P F1 Y F2

is cyclic. It is well known that

P F1 · P F2 = P X · P Y = 4 · 6 = 24.

√ notes that X, Y are swapped under

(There are many proofs of this fact, the fastest of which
the composition of inversion centered at P with radius P F1 · P F2 and reflection over P X.)

Solving the system of equations under the assumption P F1 > P F2 gives P F1 = 6, P F2 = 4.

By the angle bisector theorem, F1 X = 3a, F2 X = 2a for some a so by Power of a Point,
√
2 10 3
4 · 2 = 6a2 =⇒ a = √ =⇒ F1 F2 = 5x =
3 3

giving an answer of 16 .
8. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Let D be a point on the circumcircle of
this triangle such that the perpendicular bisector of AD intersects segments AB and AC, at
points E and F respectively. Suppose line segments EN and F M intersect at P , where M
and N are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. If AP = 6 and P D = 9, compute AB 2 .

M N
P
F
E

G
B C

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Tovi Wen Computational Geometry Mock

Let AD intersect BC at G. Since ∠ABC = ∠ACB = ∠ADB, the circumcircle ω1 of 4DBG

is tangent to AB. In a similar way, the circumcircle ω2 of 4DGC is tangent to AC.

Since EF is the perpendicular bisector of AD, we have ∠DBC = ∠DAC = ∠F DA so DF is

tangent to ω1 , and also DE is tangent to ω2 . We have

Pow(F, ω1 ) = F D2 = F A2 and Pow(M, ω1 ) = M B 2 = M A2

thus F M is the radical axis of ω1 and the circle centered at A with radius 0. Similarly, EN
is the radical axis of ω2 and (A). Therefore, P is the radical center of the three circles.

We have P A2 = P G · P D so P G = 4 and GD = 5. Finally,

AB 2 = AG · AD = (6 + 4) · (6 + 9) = 150 .