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PART - IV No.
1. Indefinite Integration 1
2. Definite Integration 48
3. Area Under Curve 103
CLASS - XII
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION 1
UNIT
Theory
Drill Exercises
Exercises
Single Correct Type Questions
Multiple Correct Type Questions
Matrix Match Type Questions.
Comprehension Type Questions
Integer Type Questions
Previous Years Questions
Answer Key
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
DEFINITION
Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.
d
Let F(x) be a differentiable function of x such that [F(x)] f(x). Then F(x) is called
dx
the integral of f(x). It is written as f(x) dx F(x) C, where f(x), to be integrated, is
called integrand and F(x) is called the anti-derivative or primitive of f(x), here C is
known as constant of integration and can take any real value.
Ex.1 Evaluate cot x dx.
Sol. The derivetive of loge sin x is cot x.
cot x dx log e sin x C.
STANDARD FORMULAE
(i) (f(x) g(x)) dx f(x)dx g(x) dx (ii) (f(x) g(x)) dx f(x)dx g(x) dx
(iii) c f(x)dx c f(x)dx
F(ax b)
(iv) If f(x)dx F(x) C then f(ax b) dx a
C
n x n 1 1
(v) x dx n 1
c, n 1 (vi) x dx ln|x| C
x x x ax
(vii) e dx e c (viii) a dx lna
C (a 0)
(ix) cos x dx sin x c (x) sin x dx cos x c
2
(xi) sec x dx tan x c (xii) cosecx cot x dx cos ecx c
2
(xiii) sec x tan x dx sec x c (xiv) cosec x dx cot x c
(xv) cot x dx log e |sin x| C (xvi) tan x dx log e |sec x| C
(xvii) sec x dx log e |sec x tan x| C (xviii) cosec x dx log e |cosec x cot x| C
1
(xix) dx sin1 x c or cos 1 x c,|x| 1
2
1 x
dx
(xx) 1 x 2
tan1 x c or cot 1 x c, x R
1 1 1
(xxi) |x| x 2 1 dx sec x c or – cosec x c,|x| 1
Page # 2
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Ex 2 Evaluate cos (3x 5) dx
sin (3x 5)
Sol. cos(3x 5) dx 3
c
4 5 sin x
Ex. 3 Evaluate dx
cos 2 x
4 5sin x
Sol. I 2
dx (4 sec2 x 5 sec x tan x) dx
cos x
I 4 sec 2 x dx 5 sec x tan x dx I 4 tan x 5 sec x c
DRILL - I
Evaluate the following integrals
1
2x
2 3
1. (i) 2x x dx (ii) dx
elog x
tan x 1dx
2
(iii) x dx (iv)
x 2 3x 1
x 3x 2 3 dx
3
2. (i) (ii) 2x dx
2x 2 – 3x 5 x 1 2
(iii) 2x
dx (iv) e
x
dx, x 1
x2 1
2 1
3x 1 2 3
3. (i) dx, x 0 (ii) dx on 1,
2x x 2
x 1 2x 2
3
sec x cos x x 2 dx
2
(iii) (iv) sec x. tan x x 4 dx
1 cos 2 x 1
sin dx
4. (i) 1 cos 2x dx (ii) 2
x cos 2 x
1
(iii) 1 cos 2x dx x 0, (iv) 1 cos x dx
1 1
(v) 1 sin x dx (vi) 1 – sin x dx
sin x 2 cos2 x 3sin3 x
(vii) 1 sin x dx (viii) sin2 x cos2 x dx
Integrate the following functions with respect. to x.
cosec x 5
5. (i) (ii) 1 sin2x x ,
cos ec x cot x 4 4
Page # 3
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(iii) 1 sin2x, x , (iv) 1 sin2x, x 0,
4 2 2
2
(v) a tan x b cot x
METHODS OF INTEGRATION
For finding the integral of complicated functions, generally there methods are used.
(i) Integration by substitution
(a) Direct substitution (b) Indirect substitution (c) Standard substitution
(ii) Integration by parts
(iii) Integration by partial fractions.
INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION:
(a) Direct Substitution
n
' (f(x))n 1
(i) (f(x) f (x) n 1
C.
n t n 1 (f(x))n 1
Let f (x) t f '(x)dx dt t dt n 1
c
n 1
c.
f '(x)
(ii) f(x) dx log e |f(x)| C.
1
Let f (x) t f '(x) dx dt t dt log | t | c log | f (x) | c
f '(x)
(iii) dx 2 f(x) c
f(x)
dt
Let f(x) t dt f '(x) dx 2 t c 2 f(x) c
t
dx
Ex. 4 Evaluate : sin 1
x 1 x2
dx dx
Sol. I sin1 x t dt
1 2
sin x 1 x 1 x2
dt
So, I log e t C log e sin1 x C
t
(2 log e x)2
Ex. 5 Evaluate: dx
x
(2 log e x)2
Sol. Let I dx
x
1 t3 (2 log e x)3
Rut 2 log e x t dx dt I t 2dt c c
x 3 3
Page # 4
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
sin(log(log e x))
Ex. 6 Evaluate dx
x log e x
sin(log(log e x))
Sol. Let I dx
x log e x
1
Rut log e (log e x) t dx dt
x log e x
I sin t dt cos t c
I cos(log(log e x)) c
DRILL - II
Evaluate the following integrals.
2x cos x 1 dx
2x 2
1. (i) e dx (ii) sin 7x dx (iii)
1 tan1 x ex 1
sin tan x
1
(iv) 1 x 2 e dx (v) e x 1 dx (vi)
1 x2
dx
3x 2 1 1 tan x
dx
(vii) 1 x 6 dx (viii) 1
sin x 1 x 2 (ix) 1 tan x dx
1
1 2x x dx
3 2
(x) dx (xi) 3x 2 dx (xii)
1 5x
log 1 x sec 2
1 tan x dx 3
sin x 4 dx
2. (i) 1 x dx (ii) 3 (iii) x
cos x
1 sin x dx 3
sin x cos x dx x2
(iv) 2 (v) (vi) 2 xe dx
elog x x2 2x 3
dx
(vii) x dx (viii)
1 x 6 (ix) 1 x 8 dx
x8 cos ec2 x
a b cot x dx x
sin e x dx
(x) 1 x18 dx (xi) 5 (xii) e
n
sin log x 1 1 log x
(xiii) x dx (xiv) x log x dx (xv) dx
x
ax n1 1
x 3 dx
(xvi) bx n cdx (xvii) x 2
1 1
3. (i) a sin x b cos x dx (ii) sin x 3 cos x
dx
Page # 5
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
sin 2x cot log x
a cos dx dx x
cot e x dx
(iii) 2
x b sin2 x (iv) x
(v) e
2x 3
sin x cos x dx 4
x sec3 x dx dx
(vi) (vii) tan (viii) 2
x 3x 4
2 3 3
(ix) cos ec x cot x dx (x) sin x dx (xi) cos x dx
dx
(xii) cos x cos 2x dx (xiii) x 4x 3 dx (xiv) a 2 b cx
2
dx dx x3
(xv) a b cx
2 2 (xvi)
1 ex
(xvii) 1 x
dx
4. (i) cos x cos 2x cos 3xdx (ii) sin x sin 2x sin 3x dx
1 sec x
(iii) cos x a cos x b dx (iv) sec x tan x n dx
(b) Indirect Substitution
In these integrations, we can not see the direct substitution as shown in following
illustrations.
x
Ex. 7 Evaluate: dx.
1 x3
x x x
Sol. I dx dx dx
1 x3 1 x 3
1 (x 3/2 )2
2
Put x 3/2 t x dx dt
3
2 dt 2
So I sin1 x 3/2 c
3 1 t 2 3
Ex. 8 Evaluate: (cos x sin x) (3 4sin 2x)dx.
Sol. I (cos x sin x) (3 4sin 2x)dx.
Now 3 + 4 sin 2x = 3 + 4((sin x + cos x)2–1)
Put sin x + cos x = t (cox x – sin x) dx = dt
t
So I (3 4 (t 2 1) dt [4t 2 3] c
3
sin x cos x 2 sin x cos x
[4(sin x cos x) 3] (1 4sin2x) c
3 3
Page # 6
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
STANDARD SUBSTITUTION
In some standard integrand or a part of it, we have standard substitution. List of
standard substitution is a follows:
Expression Substitution
x 2 a2 or x 2 a2 x a tan or a cot
x2 a2 or x2 a2 x a sec or a cosec
a2 x2 or a2 x2 x a sin or x a cos
ax and ax x a cos 2
n
x x2 a2 exp ression inside the bracket t
(x a) (b x) x a cos 2 bsin2
1 xa
1 1
(n N, n 1) t
1
n
1
n
xb
(x a) (x b)
dx
Ex. 9 Evaluate: (x 3) 15/16
(x 4)17/16
dx dx
Sol. I (x 3) 15/16 17/16
15/16
(x 4) x 3
(x 4)2
x 4
x3 (x 4) (x 3) dx dt
Put t
dx dt (x 4)2
7
x4 (x 4)2
1 dt 1 15/16
I t dt
7
So 15/16
7 t
1/16
16 1/16 16 x 3
t c c
7 7 x 4
dx
5/3
Ex. 10 Evaluate:
x x2 4
dx
I 5/3
Put x x 2 4 t
Sol.
x x2 4 ,
x
1 dx dt x x 2 4 t x2 4 t x
2
x 4
t2 4 t2 4
x x2 4
2t 2t
Page # 7
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
t2 4 1 1
so I 2 5/3
dt t 5/3dt 2 t 11/3dt
2t t 2
1 t 2/3 t 8/3 3
2 c t 8/3 [1 t 2 ] c
2 2/3 8 /3 4
2
Where t x x 4
ALGEBRAIC INTEGRALS (1)
Using the technique of standard substitution and integration by parts, we can derive
the following formula :
dx 1 x
(i) a 2 2
tan1 c substitude x = a sin & proced
x a a
dx 1 x a
(ii) x 2
ln c factorize and split in to two factors
a2 2 x a
1 1 xa
(iii) a 2 2
dx ln c factorize and split in to two factors
x 2a ax
dx x
(iv) sin1 c substitude x = a sin & proced
a 2 x2 a
(v) dx substitude x = a tan & proced
ln x x 2 a 2 c
2 2
x a
dx
(vi) ln x x 2 a 2 c substitude x = a sec & proced
2 2
x a
DRILL - III
Exaluate the following integrals.
1 1
(i) 1 4x 2
dx (ii) 8 2x 2
dx (iii) 4x 2 9 dx
3
9x 2 – 25dx 16 – 25x 2 dx dx
(iv) (v) (vi)
9x 2 1
1
(vii) dx
1 4x 2
INTEGRATION BY PARTS
If u and v be two functions of x, then integral of the product of these two functions is
du
givenby: uv dx u v dx dx v dx dx
Note: In applying the above rule care has to be taken in the selection of the first function(u)
and the second function (v). Normally we use the following methods:
Page # 8
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(i) If in the product of the two functions, one of the function is not directly integrable
(e.g. Inx, sin–1x, cos–1x, tan–1x etc.) then we take it as the first function and the
remaining function is taken as the second function. e.g. In the integration of
1
x tan x dx, tan1 x is taken as the first function and x as the second function.
(ii) If there is no other function, then unity is taken as the second fuction e.g. In the the
1
integration of tan x dx, tan1 x is taken as the first function and 1 as the second
function.
(iii) If both of the funcitons are directly integrable then the first function is chosen in
such a way that the following preference order for the first function
(Inverse Trigonometrical, Logarithmic, Algebraic, Trigonometric, Exponential)
In the above as ILATE e.g. In the integration of x sin xdx, x is taken as the first
function and sin x is taken as the second function.
x2
Ex.11. Evaluate (x sin x cos x)2 .
x2 x cos x x sec x
Sol. I 2
x.sec x 2
dx tan x c
(x sin x cos x) (x sin x cos x) x sin x cos x
AN IMPORTANT RESULT
x
e (f(x) f '(x)) dx e x f(x) C
2
1 x x
Ex. 12 Evaluate e 2
1 x
2 2
1 x
x x (1 2x x )
Sol. e
1 x2
dx e dx
(1 x 2 )2
1 2x ex
ex 2
2 2
dx c.
(1 x ) (1 x ) 1 x2
1 2x
Here derivative of x 2 1 is (x 2 1)2 .
2
x 1
x ex
So. e
x2 1
dx c
(x 2 1)
tan 1
x 1 x x2
Ex. 13 Evaluate e
1 x
2 dx
dx
Sol. Putting tan–1 x= u, we have 1 x 2 du
1 1 x x2
dx e 1 tan u tan u du
tan x u 2
e
1 x
2
1
e u (sec 2 u tan u)du tan u e u C x e tan x
C
Page # 9
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
DRILL - IV
Evaluate the following integrals
e 1 x dx
x x 2 3
1. (i) xe dx (ii) (iii) x e3x dx
2
2. (i) x cos xdx (ii) x sin xdx (iii) x sec xdx
2 2 2
(iv) x cot xdx (v) x sec 2xdx (vi) x sin xdx
sec 2x 1 x x sin x
(vii) x sec 2x 1 dx (viii) dx (ix) dx
1 cos x 1 cos x
e tan x sec x dx
x x 2
3. (i) e sin x cos x dx (ii)
x x
(iii) e sec x 1 tan x dx (iv) e tan x log sec x dx
x x log x 1
(v) e
x
dx
n log x
4. (i) log x dx (ii) x log x dx (iii) x log x dx (iv) dx
x2
2
log 1 x dx
2
(v) x log dx (vi) (vii) x log 1 x dx (viii) log x dx
1 1 1 2
5. (i) x sin xdx (ii) x tan xdx (iii) x sec xdx (iv) x tan1 xdx
1
(v) x 2
tan1 x dx
3
1 2x 1 x 1 3x x
tan 1 x 2 dx 1
tan dx
6. (i) (ii) tan 1 x
dx (iii) 2
1 3x
2
x sin1 x 1 1 x
x tan x dx dx cos dx
1 2
(iv) (v) 1 x2
(vi) 2
1 x
x tan1 x
2x 1 dx
(vii) sin 1 x2 dx (viii)
1 x
3
2 2
x 1 1
7. (i) e dx (ii) sin x dx (iii) tan xdx (iv) sec xdx
x ax x
8. (i) e sin xdx (ii) e sin bxdx (iii) 2 cos xdx
2x 2x
(iv) e cos x cos 3xdx (v) e sin2 2xdx (vi) e
x
sin 3x cos 3xdx
x2 1
(vii) em sin x dx
1 x2
Page # 10
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
9. (i) sin log x cos log x dx (ii) sin log x dx
1 1 log x 1
(iii) log x log x 2 dx
(iv) 1 log x 2 dx (v) log log x log x 2 dx
e x x 1 x 1 sin x x cos x sin x
x 2 dx
10. (i) 2 (ii) e dx
1 cos x
(iii) e
1 – cos 2x
dx
e x x 1 x 1 1
x 1 dx
(iv) 2 (v) e tan x
dx
1 x2
x 2 x2
11. (i) e 1 x 1 x2
dx (ii) e
sin x
x cosx sec x tan x dx
INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS
f(x)
When integrand is a rational function i.e. of the form g(x) , where f(x) and g(x) are
the polynomials functions of x, we use the method of partial fraction.
1 1 1
For example we can rewrite (3x 1)(3x 2) as 3(3x 1) 3(3x 2) .
If degree of f(x) is less then degree of g(x) and g(x) = (x a1 )1 ..........(x 2 b1x c1 )1 ......... ,
f(x) A1 A2 A 1
then we can put = 2
........ ........
g(x) (x a1 ) (x a1 ) (x a1 )1
B1x C1 B x C2 B C1
2
2 2 2
........ 2 1 .........
(x b1 x c1 ) (x b1x c1 ) (x b1x c1 )1
Here A1, A2,........., A 1 ............, B1, B2............ B1 ...........C1, C2......... C1 ...........are
the real constants and these can be calculated by reducing both sides of the above
equation as identity in polynomial form and then by comparing the coefficients of
like powers. The constants can also be obtained by putting some suitable numerical
values of x in both sides of the identity.
If degree of f(x) is more than or equal to degree of g(x), then divide f(x) by g(x) so that
the remainder has degree less than of g(x).
dx
Ex. 14 Evaluate: (x 1)(x 2)(x 3) .
1 A B C
Sol. Put =
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) (x 1) (x 2) (x 3)
1 = A (x – 2) (x – 3) + B (x – 1) (x – 3) + C (x – 1) (x – 2)
Page # 11
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1
Put x = 1, we get, A =
2
x = 2, we get, B = – 1
1
x = 3, we get, C =
2
x 2 4x 3
1 dx dx 1 dx n c
So integral =
2 x 1 x 2 2 x 3
= |x 2|
dx
Ex. 15 Evaluate: (x 2)(x 2
1) .
1 A Bx C
Sol. Let = 2 2
2
(x 2)(x 1) x 2 (x 1) 1 = A(x + 1) + (Bx + C) (x + 2)
1
Put x = – 2, we get A =
5
Now compare the coefficients of x2 and constant term we get 0 = A + B and 1 = A + 2C
1 2
B ,C .
5 5
1 dx 1 x 2 dx 1 1 2
So I = 2 dx 2 = n|x 2| n(x 2 1) tan1 x C
5 x 2 5 x 1 5 x 1 5 10 5
x 4 dx
Ex. 16 Evaluate: .
(x 1)(x 1)2
Sol. Here degree of numerator is more than the degree of denominator so first we
x4 2x 2 1
have to divide it to reduce it to proper fraction. = (x 1)
(x 1)(x 1)2 (x 1)(x 1)2
2x 2 1 A B C
Put 2 =
(x 1)(x 1) (x 1) (x 1) (x 1)2
2x2 – 1 = A(x + 1)2 + B(x – 1) (x + 1) + C(x – 1)
1
Put x = 1, we get A =
2
1
Put x = – 1, we get C =
2
3
Comparing the coefficient of x2, we get 2 = A + B B=
2
1 dx 3 dx 1 dx
So I= (x 1)dx 2 (x 1) 2 (x 1) 2 (x 2) 2
x2 1 3 1
= x n|x 1| n|x 1| C
2 2 2 2(x 2)
Page # 12
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
DRILL - V
Evaluate the following integrals
x 1 x 1 dx
1. x 2 x 3dx 2. x 1 x dx 3. x dx
2
1 2
a x 2 b2
2
1 x2 2x 3
4. ex 1dx 5. x 1 x 2 dx 2 6. x 3
x 2 2x
dx
dx 3x 2
7. 6x 2
5x 1
8. x x – 1 x 2 x 3 dx
1 2x 2 x 1
9. x – a x b x c dx 10 x 3 x 2 dx 2
sin x cos x 2
11. cos dx 12. x dx
2
x 3cos x 2 1 x2
1
13. x 3
dx
1
ALGEBRAIC INTERGRALS
x a2 x
(i) a 2 x 2 dx a2 x2 sin1 c substitude x = a sin
2 2 a
x a2
(ii) x 2 a 2 dx x 2 a2 ln x x 2 a 2 c let x = a tan
2 2
x a2
(iii) x 2 a 2 dx x2 a2 ln x x 2 a 2 c let x = a sec
2 2
INTEGRAL OF THE FORM
dx dx
ax 2
bx c
, 2
ax bx c
, ax 2 bx c dx
2
b 4ac b2 b
Here in each case write ax + bx + c = a x
2
put x t and use the
2a 4a 2a
standard formulae.
dx
Ex. 17 Evaluate: 2
x 4x 6
.
Sol. – x2 + 4x + 6 = – (x2 – 4x + 4) + 10 = 10 – (x – 2)2
dx
I= 10 (x 2)2
Put x – 2 = t dx = dt
Page # 13
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
dt t x 2
I= 2 = sin
1
c = sin1 c
10 t 10 10
Ex. 18 Evaluate: 3x 2 6x 10 dx .
Sol. 3 x2 – 6x + 10 = 3(x – 1)2 + 7
Put x–1=t dx = dt
7 t 2 7 7 7
I = 3 t2 dt = 3 t n t t 2 c where t = x – 1
3 2 3 6 3
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
(ax b)dx (ax b)dx
2
cx ex f
, cx2
ex f
, (ax b) cx 2 ex f dx
Here write ax + b = A(2cx + e) + B
Find A and B by comparing, the coefficients of x and constant term.
(3x 5)dx
Ex. 19 Evaluate: x 2 4x 3
.
Sol. Write 3x + 5 = A(2x + 4) + B
3
A= , B=–1
2
3 2x 4 dx
So I = 2 In 1st integral put x2 + 4x + 3 = t
2 2
x 4x 3 x 4x 3
(2x + 4)dx = dt
3 dt dx
I = 2 t (x 2)2 1 = 3 x 4x 3 n (x 2) x 4x 3 c
2 2
DRILL - VI
Evaluate the following integrals.
1 1 1
dx
1. x 2 3x 2dx 2. x 2 x 1dx 3.
2x 2 3x
11
4
Evaluate the following integrals.
1 1
4. dx 5. dx
x 2 2x 10 2 x – 3x 2
Page # 14
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Evaluate the following integrals.
6. 3 8x 3x 2 dx 7. 1 3x x 2 dx
Evaluate the following integrals.
2x 3 x4
8. 3x 2
dx 9. 6x – 7 x 2
dx
14x 5
Evaluate the following integrals.
4x 1
10. dx
2x 2 x 3
Evaluate the following integrals.
1 1
11. x 1 dx 12. x 2 dx
x 1 x 1
1 1
13. 2x 3 dx 14. x 2 dx
x2 x
2x 3
dx
15. x 2 x 1 dx 16. 4x 3
Evaluate the following integrals.
1 1 1
dx dx x dx
17. x 2
1 x 2 18. x 2
4x 2 19. 2
9 x 2 9
1
x dx
20. 2
1 x 2 2
21. Evaluate the following integrals.
x2 1 x2 1 x2 1
(i) dx (ii) dx (iii) dx
x4 1 x 4 x2 1 x4 1
x2 1 x2 x2
(iv) dx (v) dx (vi) dx
x4 x2 1 x4 1 x 4 x2 1
x2 1
(vii) dx (viii) dx
x4 x2 1 x x2 1
4
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
(ax 2 bx c)dx (ax 2 bx c)dx
(ex 2 fx g) (ex 2 fx g)
, , (ax
2
bx c) (ex 2 fx g) dx
Here put ax2 + bx + c = A( ex2 – fx + g ) + B(2ex + f) + c find the values of A, B and C by
comparing the coefficients of x2, x and constant term.
Page # 15
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(x 2 4x 7)
Ex. 20 Evaluate: x2 x 1
dx.
Sol. Let x2 + 4x + 7 = A(x2 + x + 1) + B(2x + 1) + C
Comparing the coefficients of x2, x and constant term, we get
3 9
A = 1, A + 2B = 4, A + B + C = 7 A = 1, B = ,C=
2 2
3 (2x 1)dx 9 dx
So I= x 2 x 1dx
2 x2 x 1 2 x2 x 1
2 2
Now x 2 x 1 = x 1 3
2 2
1
x 2 3 1 9 1
x x 1 n x x x 1 3 x x 1 n x x x 1 c
2 2 2 2
I=
2 8 2 2 2
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
dx 1
(ax b) ex 2 fx g . Here
ax b .
t
dx
Ex. 21 Evaluate: (x 2) x 2 4x 8
.
1 dt
Sol. Put x 2 dx
t t2
Now x2 + 4x + 8 = (x + 2)2 + 4
dt
1 dt
t2
2
dt 1 1
So
I= 1 1 = = 2 1 = 2 n t t 4 c
2
4 1 4t2 t
t t2 4
1 1 1 1
= 2 n x 2 (x 2)2 4 c
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
(ax b)dx
(cx e) ex 2 fx g . Here put (ax + b) = A(cx + e) + B, find the values of A and B by
comparing the coefficients of x and constant term.
Page # 16
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(4x 7)
Ex. 22 Evaluate: (x 2) x 2 4x 8
.
Sol. Let 4x + 7 = A(x + 2) + B
A = 4, B = – 1
dx dx
So I = 4 2
x 4x 8 (x 2) x 2 4x 8
1 1 1 1
= 4 n x 2 x 4x 8 2 n x 2 (x 2)2 4 c
2
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
(ax 2 bx c)dx
(ex f ) gx 2 hx i
. Here put ax2 + bx + c = A(ex + f) (2gx + h) + B(ex + f) + C, find
the values of A, B and C by comparing the coefficients of x2, x and constant term.
Ex.23. Evaluate: 2x 2 7x 11 .
(x 2) x 2 4x 8
Sol. Put 2x2 + 7x + 11 = A(x + 2) (2x + 4) + B(x + 2) + C
Compare the coefficient of x2, x and constant term, we get
A = 1, 7 = 8 A + B, C + 2B + 8A = 11 B = – 1, C = 5
2x 4 dx dx
So I= 5
2 2
x 4x 8 x 4x 8 (x 2) x 2 4x 8
5 1 1 1
= 2 x 4x 8 n (x 2) x 4x 8 2 n (x 2) (x 2)2 4 c
2 2
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
x dx
(ax 2
2 2
b) (cx 2 e) , here put cx + e = t .
x dx
Ex. 24 Evaluate: (2x 2
3) x 2 1
.
Sol. Put x2 – 1 = t2
x dx = t dt
t dt dt 1 dt 1 2 2
(2t tan1 x 1 c
So I= 2
5)t = 2t 5 2 t2
=
2 5 = 10 5
2
Page # 17
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM
dx 1
(ax 2 2
b) (cx e) . Here 1 st
put x = and then the expression inside the square root
t
as y2.
dx
Ex. 25 Evaluate: (x 2
5) 2x 2 3
.
1 dt
Sol. Put x= dx =
t t2
dt t dt
So I= = (1 5t 2
) 2 3t 2
1 2
t2 2 5 2 3
t t
y dy
Put 2 – 3t2 = y2 – t dt =
3
1 y dy 1 y 13 /5
So I= 2 = n C
3 13 5y 5 y 13 /5
y
3
INTEGRALS OF THE TYPE
m
x (a bx n )p dx(p 0) . Here we have the following cases.
Case I : If p is a natural number, then expand (a + bxn)p by binomial theorem and
integrate.
Case II : If p is a negative integer and m and n are rational number, put x = tk,
when k is the LCM of denominators of m and n.
m 1
Case III : If is an integer and p is rational number, put (a + bxn) = tk, when k
n
is the denominator of p.
m 1 a bx n
Case IV : If is an integer, put t k , where k is the denominator of p.
n xn
2 2 1
Ex. 26 Evaluate:
3
.
x 1 x 3
Sol. Here p = – 1, is a negative integer and m and n are rational numbers.
Put x = t3
dx 3t 2dt
Page # 18
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2 3dt
So I= t (1 t 2 )1 3t 2dt 1 t2 = 3 tan1(x1/3 ) c
1 1 1/4
Ex. 27 Evaluate: 1 x dx .
3 x3
1 1 1
Sol. Here m = , n = , p =
3 3 4
m 1
2 , which is an integer
n
dx
So 1 x t
1/3 4
3x 2/3
4t 3dt
4 5/4
4 4
I = 12 (t 1)t dt =
15
1 x1/3 [4 9x1/3 ] c
DRILL - VII
Evaluate the Integrals
2 1/2 4
1.
x1/3 2 x1/2 dx 2.
x 2/3 1 x1/3 dx 3
x 1 x1/3 dx
2/3 1/2 1
4.
x5 1 x3 dx. 5.
x 11 1 x 4 dx 6. 3
x 4x
dx
x2 1
dx
x
dx
7. (x 1) x 2 dx . 8 (1 x 2
) 1 x2
9. (x 2
4) x 2 9
TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS :
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM :
f(sin x, cos x)
g(sin x,cos x) dx R(sin x, cos x)dx , where f and g both are polynomials in sin x
and cos x.
Here we can convert them in algebraic by putting
x x
1 tan2 2tan
x 2 and cos x = 2
tan t after writing sin x = 2 x x .
2 1 tan 1 tan2
2 2
Some time instead of putting the above substitution we go for below procedure.
(i) If R(– sin x, cos x) = – R(sin x, cos x), put cos x = t
(ii) If R(sin x, – cos x) = R(sin x, cos x) put tan x = t
(iii) If R(–sin x, cos x) = R(sin x, cos x) put tan x = t
Page # 19
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
dx
Ex.28 Evaluate: sin x(2 cos 2
x 1)
.
1
Sol. Here R(sin x, cos x) = sin x(2cos2 x 1)
1
R(-sin x, cos x) = sin x(2cos2 x 1) = - R (sin x, cos x)
So we put cos = t – sin x dx = dt
sin dx dt
I = (1 cos 2
x)(2cos2 x 1) = (t 2
1)(2t2 1)
dt dt 1 cos x 1 1 2 cos x 1
= t2 1 2t2 1 2 cos x 1 2 n
2 = n
2 cos x 1
C
cos x dx
Ex.29 Evaluate: sin2
x(sin x cos x) .
cos x dx
Sol. Here R(sin x, cos x) = 2
sin x(sin x cos x)
R(– sin x, – cos x) = R(sin x , cos x)
So put tan x = t sec2 x dx = dt
cos x sec 2 x dx dt
I =
sec2 x sin2 x(sin x cos x)
= t 2
(1 t)
1 A B C
Let 2 2
2
t (1 t) t t (1 t) or 1 = At(1 + t) + B(1 + t) + ct
Put t = 0, we get B = 1, put t = –1, we get C = 1
compare the coefficients of t2, we get 0 = A + C A = – 1
dt dt dt 1 tan x
So I = 2 = n cot x c
t t 1 t tan x
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM :
psin x q cos x r
a sin x b cos x c dx ,
here put p sin x + q cos x + r = A(a sin x + b cos x + c) + B(a cos x – b sin x)
+ C values of A, B and C can be obtained by comparing the coefficients of sin x,
cos x and constant term by this technique. The given integral becomes sum of 3
x
integrals in which 1st two are very easy in 3rd we can put tan t.
2
Page # 20
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(5sin x 6)dx
Ex.30 Evaluate: sin x 2cos x 3 .
Sol. Let 5 sin x + 6 = A(sin x + 2 cos x + 3) + B(cos x – 2 sin x) + C
Equating the coefficients of sin x, cos x and constant term, we get
A 2B 5
2A B 0 A = 1, B = –2, C = 3
3A C 6
(cos x 2sin x)dx dx
I = dx 2 sin x 2cos x 3 3 sin x cos x 3 x 2n|sin x 2cos x 3| 3 1
x x
Put tan t sec 2 dx 2dt
2 2
x
1 tan
2dt 2dt 1 t 1 1 2 C
So 1 2 = (t 1)2 4 = tan C = tan 2
t 2t 5 2
INTEGRALS OF THE FORM :
m
(sin x.cos n x)dx;
Case I: When m, n belongs to natural number.
(a) If one of them is odd, then substitute for term of even power
(b) If both are odd, substitute either of them
(c) If m, n are both even, use trigonometric identities only.
m n 2
CaseII: If m and n are rational numbers and is a negative integer,
2
then substitute cot x = p or tan x = p which ever is found suitable.
DRILL - VIII
Evaluate the following integrals
1
1. 4sin 2
dx
x 9cos 2 x
1 1
2. (i) 1 cos 2
x
dx (ii) 1 sin 2x dx
1 1
3. 3sin 2x 4cos 2x dx 4. sin 2x sin2
x
dx
1 1
5. 4sin 2
dx 6. 3 2cos x dx
x 3sin x cos x 2cos2 x
Page # 21
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 1
7. 3 2sin x dx 8. 4cos x 3sin x dx
9cos x sin x cos x
9. 5 cos x 4sin x dx 10. 3cos x 4sin x dx
1 1
11. 1 tan x dx 12. 1 – cot x dx
2sin x 3cos x 4 1
13. 3sin x 4cos x 5 dx 14. 3cos x 4sin x 6 dx
7/5
Ex.31 Evaluate: sin x cos 3/5 x dx .
7 3
Sol. Here p = , q =
5 5
pq 2
2
2
7/5 3/5 cos 3/5 x 3/5
I = sin x cos x dx = sin3/5 x sin2 x dx = (cot x) cos ec 2 x dx
3/5 5 2/5
Put cot x = t cosec2 x dx = – dt. So I = t dt = (cot x) c
2
Ex.32 If In = tann x dx, then prove that (n – 1) (In + In–2) = tann–1 x.
n
Sol. Here In = tan x dx tann 2 x tan2 x dx
= tann–2 x (sec2 x – 1) dx = tann–2 x sec2 xdx – tann–2 x dx
= tann–2 x sec2 x dx – In–2
tann1 x
In In 2
n 1
Hence (n – 1) (In + In–2) = tann–1x .
DRILL - IX
1. Evaluate
3 2x 4 5 5
(i) x e dx (ii) sin xdx (iii) cos xdx (iv) tan xdx
4 4 4
(v) sec xdx (vi) cos ec xdx (vii) sin x cos 5 xdx
Page # 22
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
n x
2. If In x e dx prove that In x ne x nl n1
n
3. If ln log x dx then prove that ln x log x n nln 1
eax a
4. I
If n x n ax
e dx then prove that I n n 1
In1
n 1 x n 1
sin nx 2
5. If ln dx , prove that ln cos n 1 x In2
cos x n 1
cos nx 2
6. ln dx prove that ln cos n 1 x In2
sin x n 1
xn x n 1
7. If In 1 x 2 dx prove that In In 2 n 2 and bence show that
n 1
x5 x3
I6 x tan x 1x c
5 3
1
8. Show that 3
dx
x a2
2
1 x 3 x 3 x
2 2 4 2 2
5
tan1 c
4a x a
2 2 8a x a 8a a
Page # 23
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
EXERCISES
LEVEL - I
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
Integration using Standard Integral :
dx
1. The value of sin x . sin(x ) is equal to
sin x sin(x )
(A) cosec n sin(x ) + C (B) cosec n + C
sin x
sec(x ) sec x
(C) cosec n + C (D) cosec n sec(x ) + C
sec x
1 x
2. If 1 sin x dx = tan a + b, then
2
5
(A) a = – ,b R (B) a = ,b R (C) a = ,b R (D) none of these
4 4 4
1
3. If (sin 2x cos 2x) dx = 2
sin (2x – a) + b, then
5 5
(A) a = ,b R (B) a = – ,b R (C) a = ,b R (D) none of these
4 4 4
cos 2x
4. The value of cos x
dx is equal to
(A) 2 sin x – n |sec x + tan x| + C (B) 2 sin x – n |sec x – tan x| + C
(C) 2 sin x + n |sec x + tan x| + C (D) None of these
Integration using Substitution :
x
a
5. The value of x
dx is equal to
a x
2a x
(A) + C (B) + C (C) 2a x . n a + C (D) none of these
x na
5x x
5 5 x
6. The value of 5 . 5 . 5 dx is equal to
x 5x
55 5x
55
(A) + C (B ) 5 5 ( n 5)3 + C (C) + C (D) none of these
(n5)3 (n 5)3
tan x
7. The value of sin x cos x dx is equal to
tan x
(A) 2 tan x + C (B) 2 cot x + C (C) + C (D) none of these
2
Page # 24
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2x
8. If 1 4x
dx = K sin–1 (2 x) + C, then the value of K is equal to
1 1 1
(A) n 2 (B) n 2 (C) (D) n 2
2 2
dx
9. If y = 1 x 2 3/2 and y = 0 when x = 0, then value of y when x = 1, is:
2 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 2 (D)
3 2
10. The value of tan3 2 x sec 2 x dx is equal to :
1 1 1 1
(A) sec3 2 x sec 2 x + C (B) sec3 2 x sec 2 x + C
3 2 6 2
1 1 1 1
(C) sec3 2 x sec 2 x + C (D) sec3 2 x + sec 2 x + C
6 2 3 2
cos 2x
11. The value of (sin x cos x) 2 dx is equal to
1
(A) + C (B) n (sin x + cos x) + C
sin x cos x
(C) n (sin x – cos x) + C (D) n (sin x + cos x) 2 + C
12. The value of [1 tan x . tan(x )] dx is equal to
sin x sin x
(A) cos . n sin(x ) + C (B) tan . n sin(x ) + C
sec(x ) cos(x )
(C) cot . n + C (D) cot . n + C
sec x cos x
13. The value of 2 mx. 3 nx dx (when m, n N) is equal to :
e
mn 2 nn 3 x
2mx 3nx
(A) + C (B) + C
mn 2 nn3 mn 2 nn 3
2mx . 3nx m n . 2x . 3x
(C)n 2m .3n + C (D) + C
mn 2 nn 3
Integration by parts
x
14. The value of (x 1) e dx is equal to
(A) –xex + C (B) xex + C (C) – xe–x + C (D) xe–x + C
tan 1 x
1 x x2
15. The value of e 2 dx is equal to
1 x
1
(A) x etan1 x + C (B) x2 etan1 x +C (C) tan1 x +C (D) none of these
x e
Page # 25
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
16. The value of [f(x)g(x) f (x)g(x)] dx is equal to
f(x)
(A) g(x) (B) f(x) g(x) – f(x) g(x)
(C) f(x) g(x) – f(x) g(x) (D) f(x) g(x) + f(x) g(x)
17. If e3x cos 4x dx = e3x (A sin 4x + B cos 4x) + C then:
(A) 4A = 3B (B) 2A = 3B (C) 3A = 4B (D) 4A + 3B = 1
Algebraic integral
dx
18. The value of x 2
x 1
is equal to
3 2x 1 2 2x 1
(A) tan–1 + C (B) tan–1 + C
2 3 3 3
1 2x 1
(C) tan–1 + C (D) none of these
3 3
1
19. The value of x 2 (x 4 1)3/4 dx is equal to
1/4 1/4 1/4
1 1 1
(A) 1 4 + C 4
(B) (x + 1) 1/4
+ C (C) 1 4 + C (D) – 1 4 + C
x x x
dx
20. The value of x 1 x3
is equal to
1 1 x3 1 1 1 x2 1
(A) n +C (B) n +C
3 1 x3 1 3 1 x2 1
1 1 1
(C) n 3 +C (D) n |1 – x3 | + C
3 1 x 3
ex 1
21. The value of ex 1
dx is equal to
x 2x
(A) n e e 1 – sec–1 (ex) + C (B) n e x
e2x 1 + sec–1 (ex) + C
(C) n e x
e2x 1 – sec–1 (ex) + C (D) none of these
dx A B x
22. If x 4 3 = 2 + + n + C, then
x x x x 1
1 1 1
(A) A = ,B =1 (B) A = 1, B = – (C) A = – , B = 1 (D) none of these
2 2 2
Page # 26
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Integration of trigonometric functions
9 5
cos 3 x 2 2
23. If 11 dx = – 2 A tan x B tan x + C, then
sin x
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) A = , B= (B) A = , B= (C) A = – ,B = (D) none of these
9 5 9 5 9 5
24. The value of sec x 1 dx is equal to
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1
(A) 2 n cos 2 cos 2 2 + C (B) n cos 2 cos 2 2 + C
x 2 x 1
(C) – 2 n cos 2 cos 2 2 + C (D) none of these
dx
25. The value of cos 3
x sin 2x
is equal to
1 5/2 1 5/2
(A) 2 cos x 5 tan x + C (B) 2 tan x 5 tan x + C
1 5/2
(C) 2 tan x 5 tan x + C (D) none of these
Miscellaneous
4e x 6e x
26. If x dx = Ax + B n |9e2x – 4| + C, then
9e 4e x
3 35 35 3
(A) A = – ,B = ,C =0 (B) A = ,B =– ,C R
2 36 36 2
3 35 3 35
(C) A = – ,B = ,CR (D) A = ,B = ,C R
2 36 2 36
1 1
27. Let f (x) = 3x2 sin x cos , if x 0; f(0) = 0 and f(1/) = 0 then :
x x
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is non derivable at x = 0
(C) f (x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) f (x) is non derivable at x = 0
LEVEL - II
2sin x sin2x
1. If f(x) = dx, where x 0, then Limit f (x) has the value
x3 x 0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) not defined
cos 4x 1
2. If cot x tan x dx = A cos 4x + B; where A & B are constants, then
(A) A = 1/4 & B may have any value (B) A = 1/8 & B may have any value
(C) A = 1/2 & B = 1/4 (D) none of these
Page # 27
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
x
e
3. The value of x
x x dx is equal to :
(A) 2e x
[ x x 1] C (B) 2e x
[x 2 x 1] C
(C) 2e x [ x x 1] C (D) 2e x
(x x 1) C
4. The value of etan (sec – sin ) d is equal to
(A) etan sin + C (B) etan sin + C (C) etan sec + C (D) etan cos + C
1 x7
5. The value of x 1 x 7 dx is equal to
2 2
(A) n |x| + n |1 + x 7| + C (B) n |x| n |1 x7| + C
7 7
2 2
(C) n |x| n |1 + x 7| + C (D) n |x| + n |1 x7| + C
7 7
1 cos x
6. The value of cos cos x dx, where 0 < < x < , is equal to
x x
(A) 2 n cos cos + C (B) 2 n cos 2 cos 2 + C
2 2
cos x
x 2
1 + C
(C) 2 2 n cos cos + C (D) 2 sin cos
2 2 2
1
7. The value of [(x 1) (x 2) ]
3 5 1/4 dx is equal to
1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
4 x 1 4 x 2 1 x 1 1 x 1
(A) + C (B) +C (C) + C (D) + C
3 x 2 3 x 1 3 x 2 3 x 1
n sin x
8. The value of (x e cos x) dx is equal to:
(A) x cos x + C (B) sin x x cos x + C
(C) e x cos x + C (D) sin x + x cos x + C
sin2 x
9. Antiderivative of w.r.t. x is :
1 sin2 x
2 1 tan x
(A) x
2
arctan 2 tan x + C (B) x
2
arctan
2
+ C
tan x
(C) x 2 arctan 2 tan x + C (D) x 2 arctan 2 + C
x 3x
10. The value of 4 sin x cos
2
cos
2
dx is equal to
1 1 1 1
(A) cos x cos 2x + cos 3x + C (B) cos x cos 2x cos 3x + C
2 3 2 3
Page # 28
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 1 1 1
(C) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + C (D) cos x + cos 2x cos 3x + C
2 3 2 3
1 x
11. The value of 1 x
dx is equal to
(A) x 1 x 2 1 x + cos 1 x + C (B) x 1 x + 2 1 x + cos 1 x +C
(C) x 1 x 2 1 x cos 1 x + C (D) x 1 x + 2 1 x cos 1 x + C
12. The value of (sin x. cos x. cos 2x. cos 4x. cos 8x. cos 16 x) dx is equal to
sin 16 x cos 32 x cos 32 x cos 32 x
(A) + C (B) +C (C) + C (D) +C
1024 1024 1096 1096
1
13. The value of cos x sin6 x d x is equal to
6
(A) tan 1 (tan x + cot x) + C (B) tan 1 (tan x + cot x) + C
(C) tan 1 (tan x cot x) + C (D) tan 1 (tan x cot x) + C
x
14. The value of ln(1 sin x) x tan 4 2 dx is equal to:
(A) x n (1 + sinx) + C (B) n (1 + sin x) + C
(C) – x n (1 + sin x) + C (D) n (1 – sin x) + C
x 1 1
15. The value of . dx is equal to
x 1 x 2
1 x 2 1 x 2 1 1
(A) sin 1 + + C (B) + cos 1 + C
x x x x
x 2 1 x 2 1
(C) sec 1 x + C (D) tan 1 x 2 1 + C
x x
sin x sin3 x
16. If = cos 2x dx = A cosx + B n |f(x)| + C, then
1 –1 2 cos x – 1 1 –3 2 cos x – 1
(A) A = ,B= , f(x) = (B) A = – ,B= , f(x) =
4 2 2 cos x 1 2 4 2 2 cos x 1
1 3 2 cos x 1 1 –3 2 cos x – 1
(C) A = – ,B= , f(x) = (D) A = ,B= , f(x) =
2 2 2 cos x – 1 2 4 2 2 cos x 1
dx
17. If 3
sin3 x cos5 x = a cot x + b tan x + C, where C is an arbitrary constant of
integration, then the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are respectively:
2 2 2
(A) 2 & (B) 2 & (C) 2 & (D) none
3 3 3
Page # 29
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
MORE THAN ONE CHOICE TYPE
dx x
18. If 1 m tan
5 4cos x = tan + C then :
2
(A) I = 2/3 (B) m = 1/3 (C) I = 1/3 (D) m = 2/3
x 2 cos2 x
19. The value of 1 x2
cosec2 x dx is equal to:
(A) cot x cot 1 x + C (B) C cot x + cot 1 x
cos ec x n tan 1 x
(C) tan 1 x +C (D) e cot x + C
sec x
sin 2x
20. The value of sin x cos4 x dx is equal to:
4
(A) cot 1 (cot2 x) + C (B) cot 1 (tan2 x) + C
(C) tan 1 (tan2 x) + C (D) tan 1 (cos 2 x) + C
dx
21. The value of x x 2 is equal to
(A) 2 sin 1 x + C (B) sin 1 (2x 1) + C
(C) C 2 cos 1 (2x 1) (D) cos 1 2 x x 2 C
22. The value of
dx
x 1
n x 1
is equal to
x2 1
1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1
(A) n 2 + C (B) n 2 n 2 n 2
2 x 1 4 x 1 + C (C)
2 x 1 + C (D)
4 x 1 + C
n (tan x)
23. The value of sin x cos x dx is equal to
1 1
(A) n 2 (cot x) + C (B) n 2 (sec x) + C
2 2
1 1
(C) n 2 (sin x sec x) + C (D) n 2 (cos x cosec x) + C
2 2
u2 u9
n u .....
24. If n = cot x dx and 0 + 1 + 2 (2 + .....+ 8) + 9 + 10 =A
2
9 + C, where
u = cotx and C is an arbitrary constant, then
(A) A is constant (B) A = – 1 (C) A = 1 (D) A is dependent on x
sin x
25. If sin x dx Ax B log sin x C,then
(A) A = sin (B) B = cos (C) A = cos (D) B = sin
Page # 30
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
26. (
x. log e 1 x 2 dx = f (x )log e 1 + x 2 + Y (x )+ C, then)
1 x2 1 x2 1 1 x 2
(A) x (B) y x (C) x (1 x 2 ) (D) x
2 2 2 2
8x 13 3 1
27. If dx = A 4x 7 2 B 4x 7 2 C, then
4x 7
1 1 1
(A) A (B) B (C) B (D) CR
3 2 2
5 3
2 2
28. If x x 5 dx A f(x) B f(x) C, then
2 10
(A) A (B) B (C) f(x) = (x-5) (D) f(x) = (x+5)
5 3
1 sin2x
29. If e2x 2x
dx Ae .f(x) C then
1 cos 2x
1 1
(A) A = (B) B = (C) f(x) = tanx (D) f(x) = tan2x
2 3
f(x)
30.
If Sin log x dx
e 2
Sin(g(x)) c,then
(A) f(x) = x (B) f(x) = logex (C) g(x) = loge x (D) g(x) = x
dx 1
31. If cos(x - a)cos (x - b) = A [log e f(x) - log e |g(x)|] + C , then
(A) A = sin (a – b) (B) f(x) = cos (x – a) (C) g(x) = cos (x – b) (D) A = sin(b-a)
x
32. If 3 3
dx A sin1 (f(x)) C, then
a x
3/2 2/3
2 x 3 x
(A) A = (B) f(x) = (C) A = (D) f(x) =
3 a 2 a
ax
33. If a sin-1 (f(x)) g(x) C,then
a-x
x a
(A) f(x) = (B) f(x) = (C) g(x) = a2 – x2 (D) g(x) = x2 – a2
a x
4
34. If tan xdx K tan 3 x L tan x f (x), then
(A) K 1/ 3 (B) L 1 (C) f (x) x c (D) K 2/3
(x 2 1)
35. (x 2
1) x 4 1
dx is equal to
2 x2 1
1 x 1 1
(A) sec 2 x c
(B) sec 1 c
2 2x
Page # 31
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 x2 1 1 x 1
(C) sec 1 c (D) sec 1 c
2 2 2 2
x sin x
36. If 1 cos x dx f(x) tang(x) + c, then
x2 x
(A) f(x) = x 2
(B) f(x) = x (C) g(x) (D) g(x)
2 2
x x 1 ex
37. e
If (x 1)3 dx c then
(g(x))a
(A) g(x) x (B) g(x) x 1 (C) a 1 (D) a2
dx
38. If a cot x b tan3 x c where c is an arbitrary constant of integra-
3 5
sin x cos x
tion then the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are respectively:
(A) a = 2/3 (B) b = 1/3 (C) a = –2 (D) b = 2/3
dx B
x x4 1
39. 3/4 = A c
2
x 4
1
x
4
1 1 1
(A) A 1 (B) B (C) A (D) B
4 2 2
9.x 6 5x 2
40. dx A (x 9 x 5 )B c
5
x x
1 1
(A) A = 1 (B) A = 2 (C) B (D) B
2 4
log x f(x)
41. If (x 1) 2
dx g(x) c , then
x 1
x
(A) f (x) log e x (B) g(x) log e (C) f (x) x 2 (D) g(x) log e (x 1)
x 1
log x e. log ex e. log e2 x e
42. If dx A log e log e x B log(1 log e x) C log(2 log e x) , then
x
(A) A + B = 0 (B) A + B = –1/2 (C) A + C = 0 (D) A – C = 0
4 3
(x sin x cos x ) x cos x x sin x cos x
43. e dx
x 2 cos2 x
1 x sin x cos x 1
(A) e x sin x cos x x c (B) e c
x cos x x cos x
1 x sin x cos x 1
(C) e x sin x cos x x c (D) e xc
x cos x cos x
Page # 32
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(2x 1) dx f(x)
44. If x 4 3 = A tan 1 C, then
2x x 1 3
2
(A) A (B) A = 2
3
(C) f(x) 2x 2 2x 1 (D) f(x) 2x 2 2x 1
2x 2 sec2 x f(x)
45. If dx g(x) x C , then
2
(tan x x sec x)2
tan x(tan x x sec 2 x)
(A) f(x) = x (B) f(x) = x2 (C) g(x) = cot x (D) g(x) = tanx
x 3 x2 6 x A 3
46. If x(1 3 x ) dx = 2 x 2 B tan1 6 x c , then
(A) A + B = 9 (B) A = 3 (C) B = 6 (D) B - A = 3
dx
47. If x x 22 7
6
6
A log B 9B2 2B3 18B c , then
1 6 1 1
(A) A (B) B 1 (C) B (D) A
54432 x7 x7 544
48. If I tan 7 x.dx A sec 6 x B sec 4 x C sec 2 x log cos x c , then
1 3 3 3
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) C
6 4 2 2
MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Column – I Column – II
x sin x
(A) If F(x) = 1 cos x dx and F(0) = 0, then the value of F(/2) is (p)
2
sin1 x x
(B) Let F(x) = e 1
2
1 x
dx and F(0) = 1, (q)
3
k 3 e /6
If F(1/2) = , then the value of k is
dx
(C) Let F(x) = (x 2
1)(x 2 9) and F(0) = 0, (r)
4
5
if F( 3 ) = k, then the value of k is
36
tan x
(D) Let F(x) = sin x cos x dx and F(0) = 0 (s)
Page # 33
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2k
if F(/4) = , then the value of k is
dx
2. If I = a bcos x , where a, b > 0 and a + b = u, a – b = v, then match the following
column
Column – I Column – II
x
u v tan
1 2
(A) v = 0 (p) = n x +C
uv u – v tan
2
2 v x
(B) v > 0 (q) = tan–1 tan + C
uv u 2
x
u –v tan
1 2
(C) v < 0 (r) = n x +C
–u v u – –v tan
2
2 x
(s) tan +C
u 2
3. Column – I Column – II
1/3 t t 1
4 2
1 2t 2 1 1
(A) tan x dx A ln t 1 B tan 2 c, (p) A
2
3 4
1
where t tan1/ 3 x (q) A
3
sin x sin3 x 2 cos x 1 1
(B) dx A cos x B ln c (r) A
cos 2x 2 cos x 1 2
dx x 3
(C) x A tan 1 x B tan1 c (s) B
2
1 x 4
2
2 2
(t) B 3
4 2
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
Comprehension # 1
n
Let n, m = sin x cosm x.dx . Then we can relate n, m
with each of the following
(i) In – 2, m (ii) n + 2, m (iii) n, m – 2
(iv) n, m + 2 (v) n – 2, m + 2 (vi) n + 2, m – 2
Suppose we want to establish a relation between n, m and n, m – 2, then we set
P(x) = sinn + 1x cosm – 1x ...........(1)
In n,m and n, m – 2 the exponent of cosx is m and m – 2 respectively, the minimum of
Page # 34
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
the two is m – 2, adding 1 to the minimum we get m – 2 + 1 = m – 1. Now choose the
exponent m – 1 of cosx in P(x). Similarly choose the exponent of sin x for P (x)
Now differentiating both sides of (1), we get
P(x) = (n + 1) sinnx cosmx – (m – 1) sinn + 2x cosm – 2x
= (n + 1) sinnx cosmx – (m – 1) sinnx (1 – cos2x) cosm – 2x
= (n + 1) sinnx cosmx – (m – 1) sinnx cos m – 2 x + (m – 1) sinnx cosmx
= (n + m) sinnx cosmx – (m – 1) sinnx cosm – 2x
Now integrating both sides, we get
sinn + 1x cosm – 1x = (n + m) n, m – (m – 1) n, m – 2.
Similarly we can establish the other relations.
1. The relation between 4, 2 and 2, 2 is
1 1
(A) 4, 2 = (– sin3x cos3x + 32, 2) (B) 4, 2 = (sin3x cos3x + 32, 2)
6 6
1 1
(C) 4, 2 = (sin3x cos3x – 32, 2) (D) 4, 2 = (– sin3x cos3x + 22, 2)
6 4
2. The relation between 4, 2 and 6, 2 is
1 1
(A) 4, 2 = (sin5x cos3x + 86, 2) (B) 4, 2 = (– sin5x cos3x + 86, 2)
5 5
1 1
(C) 4, 2 = (sin5x cos3x – 86, 2) (D) 4, 2 = (sin5x cos3x + 86, 2)
5 6
3. The relation between 4, 2 and 4, 4
is
1 1
(A) 4, 2 = (sin5x cos3x + 8 4, 4) (B) 4, 2 = (– sin5x cos3x + 8 4, 4)
3 3
1 1
(C) 4, 2 = (sin5x cos3x – 8 4, 4) (D) 4, 2 = (sin5x cos3x + 6 4, 4)
3 3
Comprehension # 2
sin x cos x
if 0x
cos x sin x 2
It is known that tan x + cot x = sin x cos x 3 ,
cos x sin x if x
2
d 3
dx
tan x cot x = 12 tan x cot x (tan x + cot x) , x 0, 2 , 2
3
and
d
dx
tan x cot x = 1
2
tan x cot x (tan x + cot x) , x 0, 2 , 2
.
3
4. Value of integral = ( tan x cot x ) dx , where x 0 , , is
2 2
tan x cot x tan x cot x
–1 + C –1 + C
(A) 2 tan (B) 2 tan
2 2
tan x cot x tan x cot x
(C) – 2 tan–1 + C (D) – 2 tan–1 + C
2 2
Page # 35
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
5. Value of the integral = ( tan x cot x ) dx , where x 0 , , is
2
–1
(A) 2 sin (cos x – sin x) + C (B) 2 sin–1 (sin x – cos x) + C
–1
(C) 2 sin (sin x + cos x) + C (D) – 2 sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + C
3
6. Value of the integral = ( tan x cot x ) dx , where x , , is
2
(A) 2 sin–1 (cos x – sin x) + C (B) 2 sin–1 (sin x – cos x) + C
(C) 2 sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + C (D) – 2 sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + C
COMPREHENSIONS - III
Integrals of class of functions following a definite pattern can be found by the
method of reduction and recursion. Reduction formulas make it possible to reduce
an integral dependent on the index n > 0, called the order of the integral, to an
integral of the same type with a smaller inded. Integration by parts helps us to
derive reduction formulas.
n 1 m
7. If In,m x (1 x) dx, then
m x n (1 x)m m x n (1 x)m
(A) In,m In 1,m 1 (B) In,m In 1,m1
n n n 1 n
x n (1 x)m n
(C) In,m m In1,m1 (D) In, m
= I
n m 1 n-1, m-1
dx
8. If In , then
(x a 2 )n
2
x x
(A) 2(n 1)a 2 In (2n 3)In1 2
(B) 2a In (2n 3)In1
(x 2 a 2 )n 1 (x a 2 )n 1
2
x
(C) In (2n 3)In1 (D) a2 In = (2n + 3) In-1
(x a 2 )n 1
2
9. If n is a positive integer and un x n a 2 x 2 dx then un =
x n 1 (a 2 x 2 )3/2 n 1 2 x n1 (a 2 x 2 )3/2 n 1 2
(A) a un 2 (B) a un 2
n2 n2 n2 n2
x n 1 (a 2 x 2 )1/2 n 1 2 x n 2 (a 2 x 2 )3/2 n 3 2
(C) a un 2 (D) a un 1
n2 n2 n3 n4
Page # 36
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
(3x 2 2x) dx 1 B 2
1 x x C
1.
If x 6 2x 5 x 4 2x 3 2x 2 5 A tan K
D
then the value of A + B + C + D is?
4
2. If cos xdx Ax Bsin 2x Csin 4x D, then the value of 8A + 4B + 32 C is?
tan
3. If e (1 tan )2 cos 2 d Ae tan cos B K , then the value of A + B is
A 8B C
4. If x
13/2
(1 x 5/2 )1/2 dx (1 x 5/2 )7/2 (1 x 5/2 )5/2 (1 x 5/2 )3/2 K
35 25 15
then the value of A + B + C is?
B
cos 4 x dx 1 1 tan5 x
5. If K , then the value of A + 5B is?
sin3 x (sin5 x cos 5 x)3/5 A tan5 x
1 AB
6. If (x
9
x 6 x 3 ) (2x 6 3x 3 6)1/3 dx = (2x 9 + 3x 6 + 6x 3 )B + K, then the value of is?
A 4
tan 2 x 2
7. If sin 4x e dx a cos b x e tan x
K, then the value of a + b is?
1
tan x cot x
8. If ( tan x cot x ) dx A tan c then value of A/B is?
B
sin1 x cos 1 x
9. If dx = A { x x 2 (1 2x)sin1 x } Bx c then the value of A + B
sin1 x cos 1 x
is?
(x 1)e x ex
10. If dx =A C then the value of BA is?
(x 1)3 (x 1)B
Questions asked in previous AIEEE / JEE MAINS
dx
1. x(x n
1) is equal to- [AIEEE 2002]
1 xn 1 xn 1 xn
(A) log x n 1 + c (B) log x n +c (C) log x n 1 + c (D) None of these
n n
sin x
2. If sin(x – ) dx = Ax + B log sin (x – ) + c, then value of (A, B) is- [AIEEE 2004]
(A) (sin , cos ) (B) (cos , sin ) (C) (– sin , cos ) (D) (– cos , sin )
dx
3. cos x – sin x is equal to- [AIEEE 2004]
1 x 1 x
(A) log tan – + c (B) log cot + c
2 2 8 2 2
Page # 37
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 x 3 1 x 3
(C) log tan – + c (D) log tan +c
2 2 8 2 2 8
2
(log x – 1)
4. 1 (log x)2 dx is equal to- [AIEEE 2005]
x xe x x log x
(A) (log x)2 1 + c (B) +c (C) 2 +c (D) (log x)2 1
1 x2 x 1
dx
5. cos x 3 sin x
equals- [AIEEE 2007]
1 x 1 x
(A) log tan + c (B) log tan – +c
2 2 12 2 2 12
x x
(C) log tan +c (D) log tan – +c
2 12 2 12
sin x dx
6. The value of 2 sin x – is- [AIEEE 2008]
4
(A) x + log cos x – + c (B) x – log sin x – + x
4 4
(C) x + log sin x – + c (D) x – log cos x – +
4 4
5 tan x
7. If the integral tan x 2 dx x a ln | sin x 2 cos x | k, then a is equal to [AIEEE 2012]
(A) – 1 (B) – 2 (C) 1 (D) 2
5 3
8. If f(x)dx (x), then x f(x ) dx [JEE Main-2013]
1 3 1 3
(A) x x 3 x 2 x 3 dx C (B) x x 3 x 3 x 3 dx C
3 3
1 3 1 3
(C) x x 3 x 2 x 3 dx C (D) x x 3 3 x 3 x 3 dx C
3 3
1
The integral 1 x 1 e
x
9. x
dx is equal to [JEE Main-2013]
x
1 1 1 1
(A) x 1 e x x c (B) x e x x c (C) x 1 ex x c (D) x e x x c
dx
10. The integral x 3/4 equals : [JEE Main-2015]
2
x 4
1
1 1
x4 1 2 1 1 x4 1 4
(a)
x
4 c (b) x 4
1 4
c (c) x 4 1 c
4 (d)
x
4 c
Page # 38
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Questions asked in previous IIT JEE / JEE ADVANCED
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
x3 3 x 2
1. Integrate, 1 (x 1) dx.
2 [IIT-JEE 1999]
x 2
2. Let f (x) = ex (x 1) (x 2) d x then f decreases in the interval: [IIT-JEE 2000]
(A) (, 2) (B) ( 2, 1) (C) (1, 2) (D) (2, + )
2x 2
3. Evaluate, sin 1
4 x 2 8 x 13 d x. [IIT-JEE 2001]
4. For any natural number m, evaluate,
1/m
x 3m
x2 m x m 2 x2 m 3 xm 6
d x, x > 0. [IIT-JEE 2002]
x2 1
5. x 3
2x 4 2x 2 1
dx is equal to [IIT-JEE 2006]
2x 4 2x 2 1 2x 4 2x 2 1
(A) + C (B) + C
x2 x3
2x 4 2x 2 1 2x 4 2x 2 1
(C) + C (D) + C
x 2x 2
x (f f .... f )
Let f(x) = (1 x n )1/n for n 2 and g(x) =
n2
6. f occurs n times
(x). Then x g(x) dx equals
[IIT-JEE 2007]
1 1
1 1 1
1
(A) n(n 1) 1 nx n n + K (B) (n 1) 1 nx n n + K
1 1 1 1
n 1 n 1
(C) n(n 1) 1 nx +K (D) (n 1) 1 nx n n + K
7. Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of sin2 x. [IIT-JEE 2007]
STATEMENT-1 : The function F(x) satisfies F(x + ) = F(x) for all real x.
because
STATEMENT-2 : sin2(x + ) = sin2x for all real x.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation
for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explana-
tion for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
ex e x
8. Let = e4x e2x 1 dx, J = e 4x
e2x 1
dx . Then, for an arbitrary constant C, the
value of J – is equal to : [IIT-JEE 2008]
Page # 39
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 e4x e2x 1 1 e2x e x 1
(A) n n
2 e4x e2x 1 + C (B)
2 e2x e x 1 + C
1 e2x e x 1 1 e4x e2x 1
(C) n 2 x +C (D) n 4x
2 e ex 1 2 e e2x 1 + C
sec 2 x
9. Th e i n t egr al dx equal (for some arbitrary constant K)[IIT-JEE 2012]
(sec x tan x )11 / 12
1 1 1
(a) 11 / 12
(sec x tan x ) 2 K
(sec x tan x ) 11 7
1 1 1
(b) 11 / 12
(sec x tan x ) 2 K
(sec x tan x ) 11 7
1 1 1 2
(c) (sec x tan x ) K
(sec x tan x )11 / 12 11 7
1 1 1
(d) 11 / 12
(sec x tan x ) 2 K
(sec x tan x ) 11 7
1 2
3 d 2
10. The value of 0 dx 2 (1 x ) dx is _______
4x [JEE-Advanced 2014]
Page # 40
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
ANSWER KEY
DRILL - I
4 52 3 3 53
1. (i) x c (ii) 2 x c (iii) x+c (iv) tan x + c
5 5
x4 x2 3 1
2. (i) x 3 3x c (ii) x log x c
4 4 2 2
x2 3 5
(iii) x log x C (iv) e x log x 2log x x 2 1 c
2 2 2
9 2 1 3
3. (i) x 3x log x c (ii) 2 x 2cosh1 x c
4 2 2x
x3
(iii) tan x sin x c (iv) sec x 3 log x 4x c
3
x
4. (i) – cotx C (ii) tan x – cot x C
2
(iii) 2 cos x C (iv) – cot x cos ecx C
(v) tan x sec x C (vi) tan x sec x C
(vii) secx – tan x + x + C (viii) – 2cot x + 3sec x +C
5. (i) – cot x – cosec x + C (ii) – cosx – sin x + C
(iii) – cos x – sin x + C (iv) – cosx + sin x + C
(v) a2tanx – b2 cotx – (a + b)2 x + C
DRILL - II
e2x – cos 7x
1. (i) C (ii) C (iii) sin x 2 1 c (iv) etan1 x C
2 7
x
(v) log e 1 c (vi) – cos (tan–1 x) + c (vii) tan–1 (x3) + c (viii) 2. sin1 x C
2 2 3 1 3
(ix) log |sin x + cos x| + c (x)
5
1 5x c (xi)
9
3x 2 2 c (xii)
3
x x6 C
1 2 1 1 1 1
2. (i) log 1 X c (ii) c (iii) cos x 4 c (iv) c
2 2 1 tan x 2 4 1 sin x
3 1
sin1 x 3 c
4
(v) sin 3 x c (vi) e x 2 c (vii) x+ c (viii)
4 3
1 1 1
(ix) tan1 x 4 C (x) tan1 x 3 C (xi) 4
c (xii) – cos (ex) + c
2 9 4b a b cot x
1 n1
(xiii) – cos (log x) + c (xiv) log |log x| + c (xv) 1 log x c
n 1
n
(xvi)
ab
log bx n c k (xvii) 2tan1
x 2 c
Page # 41
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 x a b
3. (i) log tan c where cos ,sin ,r a 2 b2
2
a b 2
2 2 r r
x
1 3 tan
1 2 c
log 1
(ii) 2 x (iii) log a cos 2 x bsin2 x c
3 tan ba
2
(iv) log |sin (log x)| + c (v) log |sin (ex)| + c
2 3 tan5 x
(vi) sinx 2 c (vii) c
3 5
2 3
(viii) 2 x 2 3x 4 c (ix) – cot x 2 c
3
1 1
(x) cos 3x 9cos x c (xi) sin3x 9sin x c
12 12
1 1 5 1 3
(xii) sin 3x 3sin x c (xiii) 4x 3 2 4x 3 2 c
6 40 8
1 b cx 1 b cx
(xiv) sin1 k (xv) tan1 k
c a ac a
4 3 2 5
(xvi) x log 1 e c 1 x 2 1 x 2 2 1 x c
x
(xvii)
3 5
1 sin2x sin 4x sin 6x 1 cos 6x cos 4x cos 2x
4. (i) x c (ii) c
4 2 4 6 4 2 4 2
1 sin a b 1
(iii) sin b a log sin x a c (iv) n
c
n sec x tan x
DRILL - III
1 1 x x 9
(i) tan1 2x c (ii) tan1 c (iii) 4x 2 9 ln 2x 4x 2 9 c
2 4 2 2 4
x 25 x 8 5x
(iv) 9x 2 25 ln 3x 9x 2 – 25 c (v) 16 25x 2 sin1 c
2 6 2 5 4
2 1
(vi) ln 3x 9x 1 c (vii) sin1 2x C
2
DRILL - IV
e –3x
1. (i) e x x 1 c (ii) e x x 2 2x 3 c (iii)
27
9x 2 6x 2 c
2. (i) x sin x + cos x + c (ii) – x cos x + sin x + c
1 2
(iii) x sin x – log |sec x| + c(iv) log sin x x cot x x c
2
Page # 42
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 1 1 2 1
(v) x tan2 x log sec 2x c (vi) x x sin2x cos 2x c
2 4 4 2
x2 x x
(vii) x tan x log sec x c (viii) x tan 2log sec C
2 2 2
x
(ix) x tan C
2
3. (i) ex sin x + c (ii) ex tan x + c (iii) ex sec x + c (iv) e3 log (sec x) + c
(v) ex log x + c
x2 x2 x n1 1
4. (i) x log x 1 c (ii) log x c (iii) log x c
2 4 n 1 n 1
3
1 2 2 2
(iv) log x 1 c (v)
3
x log x 3 c (vi) x log (1 + x) – 2x + 2 tan x + c
2 –1
x
x3 x2 x 1
(vii)
2
log 1 x log 1 x c
4 2 2
2
(viii) x log x 2log x 2 C
1 1
5. (i)
4 2x 2 1 sin1 x x 1 x 2 c
(ii)
2
x 2 1 tan1 x x c
1 2
(iii) x sec 1 x x 2 1 c
2
x3 x3 1 1 1
(iv) tan1 x log 1 x 2 (v) tan1 x log x log 1 x 2 c
3 6 6 x 2
1
6. (i) 2xtan–1 x – log (1 + x2) + c (ii) x cos 1 x 1 x 2 c
2
1
3 x tan1 x log 1 x 2 c x2 1
(iii) 2 (iv) tan1 x 2 log 1 x 4 c
2 4
(v) x 1 x 2 sin1 x c (vi) 2x tan–1 x – log (1 + x4) + c
1 1
(vii) 2x tan–1 x – log (1 + x4) + c (viii) 2 x tan x c
1 x
7. (i) 2e x
x 1 c (ii) 2 sin x x cos x c
(iii) x 1 tan1 x x c (iv) x sec 1 x x 1 c
ex eax b
8. (i) sin x cos x C (ii) sin bx tan1 C
2 2
a b 2 a
2x 2x cos 4x 2sin 4x cos 2x sin2x
(iii) 2 log 2. cos x sin x C (iv) e C
log 2 1 10 8
ex cos 2x 2sin2 x ex
(v)
2 1 5 C (ix)
74
sin 6x 6cos 6x C
Page # 43
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 1
2 sin x 4 sin 2sin x C; m 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
(x) em sin x m m 4 2
m cos 2sin1 x
2
2sin 2sin x C; m 0
1
x
9. (i) x sin (log x) + C (ii) sin log x sin log x C
2
x x
(iii) C (iv) C
log x l log x
1
(v) x log log x C
log x
ex x ex
10. (i) C (ii) e x tan C (iii) cos ec x C
x 2 2 2
ex
(iv) 2
C (v) ex tan–1 x +C
x 1
1 x
12. (i) ex C (ii) esin x x sec x C
1 x
DRILL - V
1. 2 log |x – 3| – |log |x – 2| + c 2. 2 log|x –1| – log (x2 + 1) – tan–1 x + c
1 1 x 1 x ex 1
3. 2 2
tan1 tan1 c 4. log x c
b a a a b b e
4 3 1 5
5. log x 1 c 6. log x log x 2 log x 1 c
x2 2 6 3
2x 1 1 8 7
7. log c 8. log x 1 log x 2 log x 3 c
3x 1 6 15 10
1 1 1
9. log x a log x b log x c c
a b a c b a b c c a c b
16 34 11 cos x 1
10. log x 3 log x 2 c 11. log 2
c
25 25 5 x 2 cos x 2
3
2 2 x 1 1 1 1 2x 1
12. x ln c 13. log x 1 log x 2 x 1 tan1 c
3 x 1 3 6 3 3
DRILL - VI
x2 2 2x 1
(1) log c (2) tan1 c
x 1 3 3
Page # 44
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 4x 3 31
(3) log c 2
(4) ln x 1 x 2x 10 c
31 4x 3 31
1 6x 1 3x 4 25 3x 4
(5) sin1 c (6) 3 8x 3x 2 sin 1 c
3 5 6 6 3 5
2x 3 13 2x 3 11 7
(7) 1 3x x 2 sin 1 c (8). log 3x 1 log x 5 c
4 8 13 48 16
1 2 7 x 3 2
(9). 2 log 6x – 7 – x log c (10) 2 2x 2 x 3 c
2 2 x3 2
x 1
(11) 2 tan1
2
c (12) 2tan1 x 1 c
1 2x 4 1 x
(13) log c (14). 2 tan1 c
2 2x 4 1 2
2 3 1
(15) 3x 8 x 1 2 c (16). x 3 4x 3 c
15 3
1 1
(17). 1 x2 c (18) 4 x2 c
x 4x
1 x 2 x2 9 x2 2
(19) log c (20) tan1 c
18 2 x 2 x2 9 x
1 x2 1 1 x2 1
21. (i) tan1 C (ii) tan1 c
2 x 2 3 x 3
1 x 2 2x 1 1 x 2 3x 1
(iii) log 2 c (iv) log 2 c
2 2 x 2x 1 2 3 x 3x 1
1 1 1 x
2
1 1 x 2 2x 1
I
(v) 7 2 tan log c
2 x 2 2 2 x 2 2x 1
1 1 x2 1 1 x2 x 1
(vi) I8 tan1 log c
2 3 x 3 2 x 2 x 1
1 2
1 x 1 1 x 2 3x 1
I tan log c
(vii) 9 2
x
2 3 x 2
3 x 1
1 2
1 x 1 1 x 2 3x 1
(viii) I12 tan – log c
2 x 2 3 x 2 3x 1
.
DRILL - VII
3 7/3 24 11/6 3/2
1. 3x 4/3
7
x
11
x c 2.
2 1 x1/3 dx
4 11/6 6 13/6 4 5/2 1 17/6
3. 6 x 2/3 x x x x c
11 13 15 17
Page # 45
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 8/3 1 5/3 1
4.
8
1 x3
5
1 x3 c 5. 1
x4
y 8 8y 7 28y 6 56y 5 70y 7 56y 3 28y 2
6. 12 8y log y c1 , y x1/12 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
2 3/2 1 x 2 3 1 1 x2
7. x 2 2 x 2 ln c 8. tan1 c
3 3 x2 3 2 2x 2
1 x2 9 5
9. ln c
2 5 x2 9 5
DRILL - VIII
1 3
1. tan1 tan x c
6 2
1 1 1
2. (i) tan1 tan x c (ii) c
2 2 1 tan x
1 2tan x 1 1 tan x
3. log c 4. log c
10 2 tan x 2 tan x 2
2 8 tan x 3 2 1 x
5. tan1 c 6. tan1 tan c
23 23 5 5 2
x
2 tan1
2
3tan x 2
tan1
2 c 1
log 2 c
7. 5 5 8. 5 x
2 2 tan
2
1 5 tan x 4 3 4
9. tan1 c 10. x log 3cos x 4sin x c
3 5 25 25
1 1 1 1
11. x log sin x cos x c 12. x log sin x cos x c
2 2 2 2
18 1 4
13. x log|3sin x 4 cos x 5| c
25 25 x
5 3 tan
2
x
3 tan 4
2 2
tan1 C
14. 11 11
DRILL - IX
3x
e cos 4 x sin x 4 3
1. (i) 2x 3 3 2x 2 6 2x 6 c (ii) sin x cos x x c
16 5 15 8
cos 4 x sin x 4 8 1 1
(iii) cos2 x sin x sin x c (iv) tan4 x tan2 x log|sec x| c
5 15 15 4 2
Page # 46
INDEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
sec2 x tan x 2 cosec 2 x cot x 2
(v) tan x c (vi) cot x c
3 3 3 3
sin2 x cos5 x 2
(vii) cos5 x c
7 35
LEVEL - I
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D
9. D 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. BC 14. C 15. A 16. C
17. CD 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C
25. B 26. C 27. ACD
LEVEL - II
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C
9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D
17. A 18. AB 19. BCD 20. ABCD 21. ABD 22. BD 23. ACD 24. AB
25. C,D 26. A,C 27. A,C,D 28. A,B,C 29. A,C 30. B,D 31. A,B,C 32. A,B
33. A,C 34. A,B,C 35. B 36. D 37. C,D 38. C,D 39. A,B 40. B,C
41. A,B 42. B,D 43. A 44. A, C 45. A, C 46. A, B, C, D 47. A,B
48. A,B,C
MATCH TH COLUMN
1. (A) (p), (B) (p), (C) (r), (D) (s) 2. (A) (s) ; (B) (q) ; (C) (r)
3. A-(p,s), B-(r,t), C-(q)
COMPREHENSION
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. (A) 8. (A)
9. (A)
INTEGER
1. (8) 2. (5) 3. (3) 4. (9) 5. (4) 6. (8) 7. (2) 8. (1)
9. (1) 10. (2)
Questions asked in previous AIEEE / JEE MAINS
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D
8. A 9. B 10. D
Questions asked in previous IIT JEE / JEE ADVANCED
3 1 1 x
1. tan-1 x – n (1 + x) + n (1 + x2) + +C
2 2 4 1 x2
2. C
2x 2 3 n
3. (x + 1)tan–1 – (4x2 + 8x + 13) + C
3 4
m 1
(2x 3m 3 x 2m 6 x m ) m
4. +C 5. D 6. A
6(m 1)
7. D 8. C 9. C 10. (2)
Page # 47
DEFINITE INTEGRATION 2
UNIT
Theory
Drill Exercises
Exercises
Single Correct Type Questions
Multiple Correct Type Questions
Matrix Match Type Questions.
Comprehension Type Questions
Integer Type Questions
Previous Years Questions
Answer Key
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
DEFINITION
Definite integral, which is used in various field of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.
Symbolically
b
f(x)dx
a
is the integration of f(x) w.r.t. x with x = a as lower limit and x = b as upper
limit.
GEOMETRICAL INTERPRETATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL
b
Let f(x) be a function defined on a closed interval [a, b]. Then f(x)dx represents the
a
algebraic sum of the areas of the region bounded by the curve y = f(x), x–axis and the
lines x = a, x = b. Here algebraic sum means that area which is above the x–axis will
be added in this sum with + sign and area which is below the x–axis will be added in
this sum with – sign. So value of the definite integral may be positive, zero or negative.
4
Ex. 1 Evaluate : (2x 3)dx .
1
3
Sol. y = 2x – 3 is a straight line, which lie below the x–axis in 1, and above
2
3
in , 4
2
1 5 25
Now area of ABC = 5 =
2 2 4
1 5 25
Area of CDE = 5 =
2 2 4
4
25 25
So (2x 3)dx
1
=
4
4
0
Ex. 2 Evaluate : 4 x 2 dx .
2
Sol. y= 4 x 2 , x [2, 0]
Represents a quarter circle in 2nd quadrant, which is above the x–axis radius of circle
is 2.
Page # 49
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
so 4 x 2 dx = 1 (2)2 = square unit
2 4
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS
x
d
f(t)dt f(x) (x [a, b])
dx a
If f(x) is a continuous function on [a, b], then
Now if we take F (x) f(x) , then by the above theorem
x
d
F(x) f(t)dt f(x) f(x) 0
dx a
x x
F(x) f(t)dt = constant = c (say) F(x) f(t)dt c
a a
a
Now F(a) f(t)dt c 0 c c
a
x b b
So F(b) f(t)dt F(a ) F(b) F(a ) f(t)dt
F(x) f(t)dt F(a )
a
a
a
b b
Hence if f(x)dx g(x) c , then f(x)dx g(x)| g(b) g(a)
a a
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL
If f x dx = F x + C
b
then f x dx F b F a
a
1
dx
Ex. 3 Evaluate :
0 2 x2
.
dx 1 x
Sol. 2x 2 = sin
2
+c
1
dx 1 x1 1
So 2 = sin | sin1 1
c sin (0) – c = 0 =
0 2x 20 2 4 4
Page # 50
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
PROPERTY 1
b b
f (x)dx = f t dt
a a
i.e. variable of integration in definite integral is a dummy variable, it does not
effect the value of the integral. In the given property x,t are the dummy variables.
Proof: Let F(x) be indefinite integral of f(x) using the Newtons Leibnitz formula
b
a f x dx F b F a ..........(1)
b
Also a f t dt F b F a ............(2)
from (1) and (2)
b b
f(x)dx = f(t)dt
a a
3
2x 2
Ex. 4 Evaluate :
2
4
x 3x 2
1
dx .
3 3 3
2x 2 (x 2 1) (x 2 1)dx
Sol.
I = x 4 3x 2 1 dx = x 4
3x 2
1
dx + x 4 3x 2 1
2 2 2
3 3
(1 (1/ x 2 ))dx (1 (1/ x 2 ))dx
=
2
(x (1/ x))2 5 +
2
(x (1/ x))2 1
1 1
In 1st put x = t, in 2nd put x =y
x x
8/3 10/3
dt dy
I=
3/2
2
t 5
5/2
y2 1
1 1 8 1 3 1 10 1 5
= tan tan tan 3 tan 2
5 3 5 2 5
1 7 5 1 5
= tan1 tan
5 54 56
PROPERTY 2
b g(b)
f(g(x))g (x)dx = f(t)dt
a g(a)
Proof : Let g(x) = t g ' x dx dt
when x a, t g a ; when x = b t g b
Page # 51
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
b g(b)
Hence f(g(x))g (x)dx = f(t)dt
a g(a)
9
dx
Ex. 5 Evaluate : x 1 x .
4
9
dx
Sol. I=
4
x 1 x
Put 1 x t
dx dx
= dt = 2dt
2 x x
Now when x = 4, t = 1 4 = 3
when x = 9, t = 1 9 = 4
4
2dt 16
4 n
So I= t = 2 | n|t||3 = 2(n 4 n 3) = 9
3
DRILL - I
1. Evaluate :
4 1 13
3/2 1 x2 4 x
(i) (x x ) dx (ii) x
dx (iii) x
dx
0 4 0
2. Evaluate :
4 /2
dx dx x2
(i) (ii) (iii) cos sin3 d
2
x 2x 2 x x 1 2 1 x dx (iv)
2 0 0
3. Evaluate :
1 2 1 1
1 n x x 2
(i) sin x dx (ii) dx (iii) xe dx (iv) x sin1 x dx .
0 1
x2 0 0
4. Evaluate
1 1 b
1 2x x tan1 x
(i) sin
1 x 2
dx (ii) (1 x 2 )3/2 dx (iii) (x a)(b x) dx, a > b
0 0 a
3
1 2x
(iv) tan dx
1 x2
0
5. Evaluate :
1 /2
dx x sin x cos x
(i) e x e x (ii) 1 x
dx (ii) 2
cos x 3 cos x 2
dx
0 0 0
Page # 52
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
/2 /4
sin 2 d sin x cos x
(iv) 4
sin cos 4 (v) 9 16 sin 2x dx
0 0
PROPERTY 3
b a
a f xdx =-b f x dx
i.e., If the limits of definite integral are interchanged then its value changes by
minus sign only.
Proof. Let (x) be a primitive of f (x), then,
b
a f x dx b a and
a
f x dx
a b b a
b
b a
a f x dx b f x dx
3
dx
Ex. 6 Evaluate x 4x 2 1
.
2
3
dx 1 dt
Sol. I= x 2
4x 1
; Put x =
t
dx = 2
t
2
1/3
dt 1/3
dt
So I = 1/2 t 2 1 4 1
2
= 4 t2
1/2
t t
1/2 3 17 1
2
= n t 4 t | 1/3
= n
2 37 1
PROPERTY 4
b c b
a f x dx = a f x dx+c f x dx, where c R
Proof. Let (x) be primitive of f (x), then,
b
a f x dx b a ....(i)
c b
and a f x dx c f x dx
c a
b c b a ....(ii)
b c b
from (i) and (ii), we get a f x dx a f x dx c f x dx
Page # 53
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1
1 2x, x 0
Ex. 7. Evaluate f (x)dx , where f(x) =
1
1 2x, x 0
.
1 0 1
Sol. f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx
1 1 0
0 1
= (1 2x) dx (1 2x) dx = [x x 2 ]01 [x x 2 ]10 = 4
1 0
b c1 c2 b
c3
f x dx f x dx f x dx
c2
f x dx ............ f x dx
a a c1 cn
where a c1 c 2 c3 ...... cn b
3
2
Ex. 8 Evaluate |x 1|dx .
2
3 1 1 3
2 2 2 2
Sol. | x 1|dx = | x 1|dx | x 1|dx | x 1|dx
2 2 1 1
( Here modulus function will change at the points, when x2 – 1 = 0 i.e. at x = 1)
1 1 3
x3 1 x 3 1 x3 3
So I = (x 2 1)dx 2 2
(1 x )dx (x 1)dx = x | x | x |
2 1 1
3 2 3 1 3 1
2 2 2 2 2 28
= 6 =
3 3 3 3 3 3
DRILL II
Evaluate :
5 1 /4
8
|x 2|dx e|x| dx |sin x|dx
1. |x 5|dx
0
2.
5
3.
1
4.
/4
b
e2 log e x x
5. cos x dx
0
6. e1 x
dx 7. x ,a b
a
PROPERTY 5
a a
0 f (x)dx = f (a- x)dx
0
Proof :
a
0 f(x)dx
put x = a - t
dx = -dt
when x 0, t a
when x a, t 0
Page # 54
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
0 a a
f a t dt f a t dt f a x dx
a 0 0
DRILL - III
/2 /2 a
sin x esin x x
1. dx 2. dx 3. dx
0 sin x cos x 0 esin x ecos x 0 x ax
/2 /2 /4
a sin x bcos x
4.
0
sin x cos x dx 5. log tan x dx
0
6. log 1 tan x dx
0
/2 /2
sin x cos x
7. 0
1 sin x cos x
dx 8. 2 log sin x log sin 2x dx
0
/2
log x x
9. 1 x2
dx 10. Prove that: 1 cos sin x dx
0
sin
0
2
/2
x sin x cos x 1
dx dx
11. sin4 x cos 4 x
12. 0
17 8x 4x 2 e 1
6 1 x
0
cot 1 x x dx
1 2
13.
0
14. If f and g are continuous on [0, a ] and satisfy f(x) = f(a–x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 2, show
a a
that f(x)g(x) dx f(x) dx
0 0
15. If f, g, h be continuous functions on [0, a] such that f(a – x) = f(x), g(a – x) = -g(x) and 3h
a
(x) – 4h(a –x) = 5, then prove that f(x)g(x)h(x) dx 0
0
PROPERTY 6
b b
a f x dx = a f a+b- x dx
Proof : Putting x = a + b – t, dx dt , when x a, t b, x b, t a, we get
b a a
a f x dx b f a b t dt b f a b t dt
b b b b
f a b t dt f a b x dx f x dx f a b x dx
a a a a
7
x dx
Ex. 9 Evaluate x 9 x
.
2
7
x dx
Sol. x 9 x
.........(i)
2
Page # 55
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
7
9x
I= dx
2 9 x 9 (x)
7
9x
I= dx .......(ii)
2 9 x x
adding (i) and (ii), we get
7 7
x 9x 7
2I = dx = dx = x| = 5
2 x 9 x x 9 x 2 2
5
So I=
2
DRILL - IV
2 /3 –5 2/3
x 1 x 5 2 2
1. dx 2. 1 dx 3. e dx 3 e9 x 2/3 dx
1 3 x x /6 cot x –4 1/3
1 cos 2 t
4. For any t R and f is continuous function, Let I1 xf x 2 x dx and
sin2 t
1 cos2 t
I2 sin2 t f x 2 x dx , find I1 : I2.
k k
5. Let f be a positive function. Let I1 1k xf x 1 x dx, I2 1k f x 1 x dx ,where
I1
2k – 1 > 0. Then I is:
2
2
d esin x 4 2esin x
6. Let F x , x 0 . If dx F(k) F(1) then one of the possible value of k
dx x 1 x
is:
PROPERTY 7
a a
f (x)dx = ( f (x)+ f (-x)dx
-a 0
a 0 a
Proof : f x dx f x dx f x dx
.............(1)
a a 0
0
Consider I f x dx
a
Put x = –t dx dt
when x a, t a and when x 0, t 0
0 a a
I f t dt f t dt f x dx
..(2)
a 0 0
Page # 56
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
a a
Combining (1) and (2), we get f x dx f x f x dx
a 0
3
dx
Ex. 10 Evaluate (1 e )(1 x 2 )
x .
3
3
dx 1
Sol. I= x
(1 e )(1 x ) 2 . Here f(x) =
(1 e )(1 x 2 )
x
3
1 ex
f(–x) = =
(1 e x )(1 ( x)2 ) (1 e x )(1 x 2 )
a a
[using property f x dx f x f x dx ]
a 0
3 3
dx 1 ex
dx
3 1 e 1 x 1 e 1 x 1 e 1 x
x 2
0
x 2 x 2
3 3
dx 1
so I = 1 x2
= tan x |
0
=
3
0
2 a f x dx, if f x is an even function
a f x dx 0
a
0, if f x is an odd function
a a
Proof : Using f(x)dx = (f(x) + f(-x) dx
-a 0
If f(x) is an even function, then f x f x
a a a
f x dx f x f x dx 2 f x dx
a 0 0
If f(x) is an odd function, then f x f x
a a
f x dx f x f x dx 0
a 0
Hence Proved.
a
ax
Ex. 11 Evaluate ax
dx
a
a a a a
ax ax dx x dx
Sol. I ax
dx a2 x2
dx = a a2 x2
a 2 x2
a a a a
a
dx x
= a.2 0 ( is an odd function)
0 a2 x2 a 2 x2
a
1 x
= 2a sin
a 0 2a[sin–1(1) –sin–1(0)] = 2a 2 0 = a
Page # 57
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1
4
3
Ex.12 Find x .e x dx .
1
4 4 4
Sol. Let f(x) = x3 e x , then f(–x) = (–x)3. e( x ) x 3e x = –f(x)
Hence f(x) is an odd function.
1 1
4
3
f(x)dx = 0 or x e x dx 0
1 1
DRILL - V
/2 1 /2
7 5 4 g(x) g( x)
1.
/2
sin x dx 2. sin x cos x dx 3.
/2
f( x) f(x) dx
1
/2 /4 /4
2 3 4 x /4
4.
/2
sin x dx 5.
/4
x sin x dx 6.
/4
2 cos 2x
dx
1/ 3
2x 1 sin x x4 2x
7. 2
dx 8. cos 1
4 2
dx
1 cos x 1/ 3
1 x 1 x
2x 2x
1/ 3 cos 1 2
tan1 2
9. 1 x 1 x dx
ex 1
1/ 3
/4 1/3
x2
x
1/3 dx dx
1 x 1 x 2
10.
/4 1 sin x 1 e
2 3 x7
11.
0
PROPERTY 8
2a a
f (x)dx = f x + f 2a- x dx
0 0
2a a 2a
Proof : f x dx f x dx f x dx ........ (i)
0 0 a
2a
take f x dx, let x 2a – t, dx dt
a
0 a a
f 2a t dt f 2a t dt f 2a x dt .........(ii)
a 0 0
Combing (i) and (ii)
2a a a a
f x dx f x dx f 2a x dx f x f 2a x dx
0 0 0 0
Page # 58
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
x dx
Ex.13 Evaluate 1 cos
0
2
x.
x dx ( x)dx ( x)dx
Sol.
0
I = 1 cos 2 x ; I =
0
1 cos 2 ( x) = 1 cos
0
2
x ; Adding both, we get
dx dx
0
2I = 1 cos 2 x
I = 2 1 cos 2 x ;
0
/2
sec2 x dx dt t 2
= put tan x = t ; I = t2 2 = tan1 | =
0
2 tan2 x 0 2 20 2 2
PROPERTY 9
a
2a
2 f x dx if f x = f 2a - x
f x dx = 0
0
0 if f 2a - x = - f x
Solution:
/2
dx dx
0
1 2sin2 x = 2 1 2sin 2
x
0
2a a
f(x)dx 2 f(x)dx, if f 2a x f(x)
0 0
/2 /2
sec2 xdx sec 2 xdx
=2
0
sec2 x 2tan2 x
=2
0
1 3 tan2 x
(Note that in the beginning we can not divide Nr. and Dr. by cos2x, as cosx = 0 at x = / 2 )
dt
=2 1 3t
0
2 , (tan x = t)
1 2
=2 tan1 t 3 =
3 0 3 2 3
DRILL - VI
Evaluate
3 1 3
2x 3x x 3 1 2x
tan 1 tan 1 sin 1
1.
0
1 x2
dx
2.
0
1 3x 2
dx 3. 1 x
0
2 2
1 x
dx
2
x sin2n x sin 2x sin cos x x 2 sin 2x sin cos x
2 dx 2 dx
4.
0
sin2n x cos 2n x
dx 5.
2x
6. 2x
0 0
x
7. 2
dx a, b, > 0
0 a 2 cos2 x b2 sin2 x
Page # 59
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
/2 /4
8. Show that f sin2x sin x dx 2 f cos 2x cos x dx
0 0
9.
If I u log e 1 2u cos x u2 dx , then prove that
0
(i) I u I u (ii) I(u) + I(–u) = I(u2)
tan x cot x
t 1
10. dt dt 1
1/e 1 t2 1/e
t 1 t2
PROPERTY 10
b 1
f (x)dx = (b - a) f ((b - a)x +a) dx
a 0
Proof : x(b – a) + a = t
dt = (b – a) dx
1
b
Hence f(x)dx = (b - a) f((b - a)x + a) dx
0
a
4 2/3
2 2
Ex.14 Prove that e(x 4) dx = 3 e9(x 2/3) dx .
5
1/3
2
2/3 1 9 2 1 x 1 2
9(x 2/3)2
Let I = 3 e dx = 3 2 1 e 3 3 3 3
Sol.
1/3
3 3
dx
0
2
1 9 x 1 1
(x 1)2
= e 3 3 dx = e dx
0 0
4 1
(x 4)2 (x 1)2
Also e dx = e dx
5 0
PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL
PROPERTY 11
np p
If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then f x dx =n f x dx nI
0 0
np p 2p 3p np
Proof : I f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx ....... f x dx
0 0 p 2p n1 p
kp
Let I1 f x dx
k 1p
Page # 60
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Put x k 1 p t
x k 1 p, t0
x kp, tp
p p p
I1 f k 1 p t dt f t dt f x dx
0 0 0
If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then
np p
mp
f(x)dx = (n - m) f(x)dx; n, m I
0
10
Ex. 15 Evaluate {2x}dx , where {.} denotes the fractional part of x.
3/2
1
Sol. f(x) = {2x}is a periodic function with period
2
10 20(1/2)
Let I = {2x}dx = {2x}dx
3/2 3(1/2)
1/2
= 23 2x dx (as {2x} = 2x – [2x] and when x [0, 1 / 2), [ 2x ] 0)
0
1/2
2 23
= 23 x | =
0 4
PROPERTY 12 a+np p
If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then f (x)dx = n f(x)dx; n I .
a 0
n v
Ex.16 Prove that |sin x|dx (2n 1) cos v , where n N and 0 v .
0
n v v n v
Sol. I=
0
|sin x|dx = |sin x|dx |sin x|dx I1 I2
0 v
v v
I1 = |sin x|dx sin x dx
0 0
(as 0 v and sin x 0 , when n [0, ] )
v
= cos x | = – cos v + 1 = 1 – cos v
0
n v
I2 = |(sin x)|dx = n|(sin x)|dx = n sin xdx = n cos x 0 = 2n
v 0 0
So I = 1 – cos v + 2n = (2n + 1) – cos v
PROPERTY 13 b+np b
If f(x) is a periodic function with period p, then f(x)dx = f(x)dx,
a
nI
a+np
Page # 61
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
10
3
Ex.17 Evaluate
(sin x cos x)dx .
10
6
Sol. f(x) = sin x + cos x is periodic with period 2
10 /3
3 /3
Let I = (sin x cos x)dx =
/6
(sin x cos x)dx = (sin x cos x) |
/6
10
6
3 1 1 3
=
2 2 2 2
3 1
4
Ex.18 Find the value of | sinx | dx
0
Sol. We know that |sinx| is a periodic function of . Hence
4
0
|sin x|dx 4 |sin x|dx 4 sin xdx
0
0
= 4 cos x 0 8
DRILL -VII
Evaluate :
2
1. {2x} dx
1
(where function {.} denotes fractional part function)
10 400
2.
0
(|sin x| |cos x|) dx 3.
0
1 cos 2 xdx 800 2
100 32 /3
e dx 100 e 1
x x
4. 5. 1 cos 2x dx
0 0
n n/4
sin 2x
6. dx, n N 7. sin x cos x dx, n N
0
2 sin 4x /4
n V
8. Show that: sin x dx 2x 1 cos V
0
DIFFERENTIATION OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL
PROPERTY 14
f2(x)
If F(x) = g(t)dt then F (x) = g( f 2 (x))f2 (x) - g(f1 (x))f1 (x) .
f1(x)
Page # 62
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Ex.19 If a, b are variable real numbers such that a + b = 4, a < 2 and f ( x ) 0 x R ,
a b
0 0
then prove that f(x)dx f(x)dx will increase as (b – a) increases.
Sol. Let(b – a) = t
b+a=4
4t 4t
b ,a
2 2
4t 4 t
2 2
Let g(t) = f(x)dx
0 0
f(x)dx
4 t 1 4 t 1 1 4t 4 t
So, g( t ) = f f = 2 f 2 f 2
2 2 2 2
Now a < 2 and a + b = 4
a<b
4t 4t
f f ( as f ( x ) 0 f(x) is increasing )
2 2
g( t ) 0
g(t) will increases as t increases
a b
0
f(x)dx f(x)dx will increases as (b – a) increases
0
DRILL - VIII
DIFFERENTIATION WITH LEIBNITZ FORMULA
x3
d 1
dt
dx 2 log t
1. Find
x
2x y
2 dy
2. If 5 3sin t dt sin t dt 0, find
x 0
dx
x
3. Fin d t h e gr eat est valu e of F x 6 cos t 2sin t dt in the interval [5/3, 7/4].
5 /3
sin2 x cos2 x
4. If f(x) = sin 1 t dt + cos 1 t dt , then prove that f(x) = 0 x R.
0 0
f x 2t
5. Let f : R R be differentiable function and f(1) = 4 then find the value of lim
x 1 4
dt
x 1 .
y 2
1
6. Variables x and y are related by the equation x du . Show that d y is
0 1 9u2 dx 2
proportional to y.
Page # 63
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
x2 2
7. Find the points of maxima / minima of the function f(x) given by f x t 5t 4
dt
0 2 et
x3
1
8. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = 1, where, f x 2 dt
x 1 t5
x
9. If x cos x x t t dt , then prove that '' x x cos x
0
1 1
x 1 x xb
10. (i) log x dx (ii) log x dx
0 0
x2
t
11. If f(x) = 5 g(x)
and g(x) = n (1 t
2
2
)
dt, then find the value of f ( 2 ).
/6 3 cos 2x 1
12. Evaluate the integral 0 dx
cos x
x
13. Prove that : If f(t) is an odd function then x a f t dt is an even function.
14. Prove that F x
x 1 t is an even function.
0 ln 1 t dt
x
15. Prove that : If f(t) is an even function the x a f t dt is an odd function.
16. Prove that F x t t
t 1dt is an odd function.
e 1 2
APPROXIMATION IN DEFINITE INTEGRAL
b b b
If f1 (x) f(x) f2 (x) " x [a, b] , then
f1 (x)dx f(x)dx f2 (x)dx .
a a a
If absolute maximum and minimum value of f(x), when x [a, b] is M and m
b
respectively, then m(b - a) f(x)dx M(b - a) .
a
b b
a f(x)dx a f(x) dx
f(x) |f(x)|
a
b a b
From figure it is clear.
Page # 64
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1
dx
Ex. 20 Prove that
0 4x x 2 3
4 2
.
Sol. 0 x 1
0 x3 x2 1 x2 x3 0 4 x 2 x2 4 x2 x 3 4 x2
1 1 1
4 x2 4 x2 x3 4 2x 2
1 1 1
dx dx dx
4 x2
4 x2 x3
4 2x 2
0 0 0
1
dx
6
4 x2 x3
4 2
0
dx
Ex.21 Prove that 3
10 5
x 3 10x 9 sin x 5 5 .
0
Sol. Let f (x) = x3 + 10 x + 9 sin x + 5
f ( x ) = 3x2 + 10 + 9 cos x > 0 x R
1
f(x) is entirely increasing f(x) is decreasing in (0, )
1 1
Absolute maximum of f(x) in [0, ] is and absolute minimum is 3
5 10 5
dx
so 3
10 5
x 3 10x 9 sin x 5 5
0
Ex.22 Estimate the integral 3 x 3 dx
1
Sol. The function f(x) 3 x 3 increases monotonically on the interval [1, 3].
M = maximum value of 3 x 3 3 33 30 ;
m = minimum value of 3 13 4 2
3 3
3
b–a=2 ; 2.2 3 x dx 2 30 or 4 3 x 3 dx 2 30
1 1
DRILL - IX
Prove the following inequalities : –
/3 3
3 sin x
1. < dx < 2 2. 4 (3 x 3 ) dx 2 30
8 /4
x 6 1
Page # 65
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 1
1 2
3. dx 1 4. 1 e x dx e
4 0 1 x2 0
1 1
1 1
5. dx 6. log 2 dx
6 0 4 x2 x3 4 2 0 1 x6 2
3 2 5 x 6
3 x dx 2
2 1
7. 4 30 8. dx
0 9 x2
1 5
/2
sin x 1 15
0 1 x 1 x dx
3
9 1 dx 10. 8
0
x 2
1 x 1 x2 19 sin x 8
11. 0 e cos 2 x dx 0 e cos 2 x dx 12. 10 1 x 8 dx 10
DEFINITE INTEGRAL OF PIECEWISE CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
b
Suppose we have to evaluate f(x)dx , but either f(x) is not continuous at
a
x = c1, c2, ...., cn or it is not defined at these points. In both cases we have to break the
limit at c1, c2, ...., cn .
2
3
Ex. 23 Evaluate [x 1] dx where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.
1
Sol. 1 x 2 1 x3 8 0 x3 1 7
2 21/3 31/3 2
3
So I= [x
3
1]dx = [x 1]dx [x3 1]dx ....... [x3 1]dx
1 1 21/3 71/3
1
Now if x 1, 23 , then x 3 [1, 2) or [x3 – 1] = 0 and so on
21/3 31/3 2
therefore I = 0.dx
1/3
1.dx .........
1/3
6.dx
1 2 7
= [3 – 2 ] + 2[4 – 3 ] + 3[5 – 4 ] + 4[61/3 – 41/3] + 4[61/3 – 51/3] + 6[2 – 71/3]
1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3
= 12 – [71/3 + 61/3 + 51/3 + 41/3 + 31/3 + 21/3]
b
|x|
Ex. 24 Prove that x
dx |b| |a|.
a
Sol. We can divide all the possible values of a and b in 3 cases
b b
|x| x
Case I : 0a b I= x
dx = x dx =b–a=|b|–|a|
a a
Case II : ab0
Page # 66
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
b b
|x| x
I= x
dx = x
dx = a – b = – | a | – ( – | b | ) = | b | – | a |
a a
Case III : a<0<b
b 0 b
|x| |x| |x|
I= x
dx = x
dx
x
dx
a a a
0 b
= (1)dx 1 dx = a+b=–|a|+|b|=|b|–|a|
a 0
DRILL - X
1 1.5
1. x x dx 2. x 2 dx
1 0
n2 2
2
3. x dx , where n N.
4. [x
0
]dx
0
1 n2 x
5. [cos
1
x] dx 6. 2 sin x 7. 2 cos x dx
1 0 0
4 2 1000
8. log x dx 9. 2 sin x dx
10. tan 1 x dx
1 0 0
1 2 a
2 n
11. x 1 sin x dx
–1
12. x x 1 dx
0
13. [x ] dx
0
2
14. [sin x cos x] dx
0
DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS THE LIMIT OF A SUM
b b
Consider f(x)dx , for simplicity, we can take f ( x ) 0 x [a , b] . Then
f(x)dx represents
a a
Page # 67
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
the area bounded by the curve y = f(x) x–axis and the lines x = a and x = b i.e. the above
shaded area. Now this area can be divided into n parts.
ba
Area of the rth part can be assumed a rectangle, with width equal to and
n
b a
height equal to f a r .
n
n
ba b a
So that area = f a r
n n
but this in only approximated area. To get the
r 1
actual area, take rectangle with width tends to zero, hence
b n
ba ba
f(x)dx Lim
n
f a
n
r .
n
This is used both ways i.e. to evaluate the
a r 1
definite integral as a limit of sum and also used in finding the sum of infinite terms of
some series.
1 1 1 1
Ex. 25 Evaluate Lim
..... .
n
4n 1 4n 4 4n 9 3n
n
1 1 1
1 1
Sol. L = Lim ..... = Lim
4n2 r2
n
4n 1 4n 4 4n 9 3n n
r 1
n
(1 0) 1
Lim
n
n 2
= r 1 1 0 Which is of the form
4 0 r
n
n 1
ba b a
Lim
n
n
f a r
n
Here b = 1, a = 0 and f(x) =
4 x2
r 1
1
dx 1 x1
So L= 4 x2
= sin | =
20 6
0
n2 n2 1
Ex.26 Lim
Evaluate n .........
(n 1)
3
(n 2)3 64n .
n2 n2 1 3n
n2
Sol. Lim
L = n
(n 1)
3
(n 2)3
......... Lim
64n = n r 1 (n r)3
Put 3n = m, we get
3
m
m2 / 9 m
3 1 3
dx 1 3
L=
Lim
n
m
3 Lim
= n m 3r
= (1 x)3 = 2
| = 15
r 1 r 1 2(1 x) 0 32
r 1 m 0
3
Page # 68
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
DRILL - XI
Find the sum of The Series :
n 1
1
1. Lim
n
r 0 n r2
2
Lim
3 1 n
n
n
..........
n
2.
n n n3 n6 n9 n 3(n 1)
n n n n
3. Lim 2
2
2 2
3 2
..... 2
n n 1 n 2 n 3 n n2
12 22 r2 1
4. lim 3 3
3 3
.... 3 3
.... as n
n 1 n 2 n r n 2n
n2 n2 n2 n2
5. lim 3/3
....
2 3/2 2 3/2 3/2
n
n 2
1 n 2
2 n 2
3 n2 n 12
n n 1
6. lim ....
n 2 2
49n
34 n
2 3 24 n
1 1 2 4 3 9 1
7. lim 2 sec 2 2 2 sec 2 2 2 sec2 2 ..... sec2 1
n n n n n n n n
1 1 1 1
8. Find nlim S n , if Sn .......
2n
2 2 2
4n 1 4n 4 3n 2n 1
1m 2m 3m ..... nm
9. lim
n
nm1
1 1 1 1
10. lim ...
n
2n 1
2
4 22 6n 32 n
1 1
11. lim n 2 2
....to n term
n
3n 8n 4 3n 16n 16
1/n
n 1 n 2 n 3 ..... n n
12. lim
n n
1/n
13. lim
n!
n n
1/2 1/3 1/4
1
4
2 4 3 4 4 4
14. lim 1 1 1 1 ....21/n
n
n n n n
Page # 69
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2 2 2
1
2/n2
22
4/n
32
6/n
n2
2n/n
15. lim 1 2 1 2 1 2 ...... 1 2
n
n n n n
1 3 3 2 3 3 3 n
16. lim sin 4n 2 sin 4n 3sin 4n ..... n sin 4n
n n2
GAMMA FUNCTION
x n 1
If n is a positive number, then the improper integral e x dx is defined as Gamma
0
function and is denoted by n
x
i.e., n 0 e x n1dx
Ex. 27 (i) 1 (ii) 2
x 11 x b
Sol. (i) 1 0 e .x dx lim 0 e dx
b
b 0 b
lim e x lim eb e0 0 1 1 1
21 x b b
x x
(ii) 2 0 e x dx lim 0 e .x dx lim xe e
b b 0
b 1 b 1
b
lim be b e b 0 1
lim b b 1 lim
b e e b eb
1
1
lim b 1 {using L-Hospital’s rule} =1
b e
Properties of Gamma Function
(i) 1 1 (ii) n 1 nn
(iii) If n N, , then n 1 n ! (iv) 1/ 2
π/2
Use of gamma function to solve 0 sinm x.cos n x.dx
m 1 n 1
π/2 2 2
0 sin m x.cos n x.dx
m n2
2
2
x 3
Ex. 28 0 e x dx
Sol. By definition of Gamma function
x
0 e x 3dx 0 e
x
x 4 1dx = 4 3!
x
0 e x 3dx 6
Page # 70
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
/2
Ex.29 0 sin4 x cos 6 x dx
Sol. Using Gamma function, we have
/4 5 /2 7 /2 5 /2 7 /2
0 sin4 x.cos6 xdx
4 6 2 26
2
2
3 1 5 3 1
1/2 1/2
2 2 2 2 2 3
2 5! 512
WALLI’S FORMULA :
/2
(n 1) (n 3) (n 5)....1 or 2 (m 1) (m 3)....1 or 2
sinnx . cosmx dx =
(m n) (m n 2) (m n 4)....1 or 2
K
0
Where K = if both m and n are even (m, nN) ;
2
= 1 otherwise
DRILL - XII
INTEGRATION BY USING WALLIS FORMULAS
/2 / 2 / 2
1. sin 8 x cos 4 x dx 2. sin 7 x cos 4 x dx 3. sin
6
x cos 4 x dx
0 0 0
/ 2 / 2 / 2
8 7 7
4. cos x dx 5. sin x cos x dx 6. sin x cos 5 x dx
0 0 0
/ 2 / 2 1
9 4 11 5 2 4
7. sin
0
x cos x dx 8. sin
0
x dx 9. x (1 x )
0
dx
b
m n
10. If m, n N, evaluate x a b x
a
dx
b
2n 2 2n 1 2n 3 1
11. Prove that: sin x cos2 x dx .... .
a 2n 2 2n 2n 2 2 2
Differentiation of functin inside integral sign
b
IF I f x, dx this function can be differentiated w.r.t.
a
dI b
f x,
.dx
d a
Page # 71
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1
x 1
Ex. 30 Find I dx
0 ln x
1 x 1
dI 1
d
0 ln x dx
1 1 1
x ln x 0 x
dx x dx
0 ln x 0
1
dI 1
d 1
dx
dI 1 I log 1 C
e ...(1)
In the given question put 0
1
x0 1
I 0 dx 0
0 ln x
Put I 0 0 in equation (1) C 0 I log e 1
DRILL - XIII
INTEGRATION BY USING REDUCTION FORMULAS & MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE
/4
n
1. If In tan x dx , prove that
0
1 1 1 1
(i) In In2 (ii) In1 In1 (iii) 2 n for all n = 2, 3, 4, ……..
n 1 n n 1 n 1
sin 2nx
2. Prove that: dx 0 for all n N.
0 sin x
sin 2n 1
3. Prove that: dx for all n N.
0 sin x
/2
sin nx
4. If n is an odd positive integer, prove that In dx
0 sin x 2
2
sin n
5. Prove that: 2
d n for all n N.
0 sin
1
x n
6. Determine a positive integer n 5, such that e x 1
0
dx 16 6e
1 1
7. If In x n tan1 x dx , prove that: n 1 In n 1 In2
2 n
0
Page # 72
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 cos nx
8. If In dx , where n is a non – negative integer, then show that n2 n 2 n1
0 1 cos x
/2
sin2 nx n
Hence, show dx
0 sin2 x 2
/4 1 1 1 1
9. If In tann x dx , show that I I , I I , I I , I I ..... from an A.P. Find the
2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7
0
common difference of this progression.
10. Evaluate :
1 1
(i) max 2 x,2,1 x dx (ii) min x , x 1 , x 1 dx
1 1
2
(iii) max x x , x x , where [x] denotes the greatest integer x
2
2
(iv) min x x , x x , where [x] denotes the greatest integer x
2
2
(v) sin1 sin x dx
/2
Page # 73
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
EXERCISES
LEVEL - I
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
x
dt
1. If |t|
1
2
t 1
=
6
, then x can be equal to :
2
(A) (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) none of these
3
1
dx
2. The value of integral x
0
2
2x cos 1
, where 0 < <
2
, is equal to:
(A) sin (B) sin (C) (D) sin
2sin 2
2
x x 1
3. If f(x) = , then x 2 f(x) dx is equal to :
x 1 x 1 0
4 5 5
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2
1
4. If f(0) = 1, f(2) = 3, f (2) = 5 and f (0) is finite, then x . f (2x) dx is
0
equal to
(A) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none of these
5. 1 2cos x dx is equal to :
0
2
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 2 3
3 3
3
6. The value of (| x 2| [x]) dx is ([x] stands for greatest integer less than or equal
1
to x)
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3
n ex
7.
n n 2
2
1 cos e x dx is equal to
3
1 1
(A) 3 (B) – 3 (C) (D) –
3 3
e2 2
dx ex
8. If 1= e n x and 2 = 1 x dx, then
(A) 1 = 2 (B) 2 1 = 2 (C) 1 = 2 2 (D) none of these
/2
9. The value of n|tan x cot x| dx is equal to :
0
(A) n 2 (B) – n 2 (C) n 2 (D) – n 2
2 2
Page # 74
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
3 2
10. Let 1 = f (cos2 x) dx , = 2
f (cos x) dx and 3 = f (cos
2
x) dx , then
2
0 0 0
(A) 1 + 2 3 + 3 2 = 0 (B) 1 = 2 2 + 3
(C) 2 + 3 = 1 (D) 1 = 2 3
x
11. 1 x 1 x
0
2 dx
(A) (B)
4 2
dx
(C) is same as 1 x 1 x
0
2 (D) cannot be evaluated
b
| x|
12*. The value of integral
a x
dx, a < b is :
(A) b – a if a > 0 (B) a – b if b < 0
(C) b + a if a < 0 < b (D) | b | – | a |
4
n1
13. Suppose for every integer n, f(x)dx n2 . The value of f(x)dx
2
is :
n
(A) 16 (B) 14 (C) 19 (D) 21
14. Let f : R R, g : R R be continuous functions. Then the value of integeral
x2
n1/ f [f(x) f( x)]
4
x2
n
dx is :
g [g(x) g( x)
4
(A) depend on (B) a non-zero constant
(C) zero (D) none of these
3/2
k
15. If |x sin x|dx = , then the value of k is :
1 2
(A) 3 + 1 (B) 2 + 1 (C) 1 (D) 4
/4
x . sin x
16.
0
cos 3 x
dx equals to :
1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
4 2 4 2 4
3 n 3
n (4 x)
17.
2 n 3 n(4 x) n(9 x) dx is equal to :
5
(A) cannot be evaluated (B) is equal to
2
1
(C) is equal to 1 + 2 n 3 (D) is equal to + n 3
2
Page # 75
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
18. The value of integral xf (sin x) dx is :
0
/2
(A) f (sin x) dx (B) f (sin x) dx (C) 0 (D) none of these
2 0 0
x
2
19. If f(x) = (2 cos 3t 3sin2 3t) dt, f(x + ) is equal to :
0
(A) f(x) + 2f() (B) f(x) + 2f (C) f(x) + 4f (D) none of these
2 4
11
11x k
20. If
0 11[x ] dx =
log11 , (where [ ] denotes greatest integer function) then value of k is
(A) 11 (B) 101 (C) 110 (D) none of these
2
2
21. If = sin
0
xdx, then
/2 2 /4
2
(A) = 2 sin xdx (B) = 4 sin2 xdx (C) = 2
cos xdx (D) = 8 sin
2
xdx
0 0 0 0
x
4
22. If f(x) = (cos t sin4 t) dt, then f (x + ) is equal to :
0
(A) f(x) + f() (B) f(x) + 2 f( ) (C) f(x) + f (D) f(x) + 2f
2 2
DIFFERENTIATION WITH BEIBNITZ FORMULA AND WALLI'S FORMULA
b
d
23. If
dx
f(x) = g(x) for a x b, then f(x)g(x)dx
a
equals to :
[f(b)]2 [f(a)]2 [g(b)]2 [g(a)]2
(A) f(b) – f(a) (B) g(b) – g(a) (C) (D)
2 2
xh x
n2 t dt n2t dt
24. Limit a a equals to :
h 0
h
2 n x
(A) 0 (B) n 2 x (C) (D) does not exist
x
x
25. The value of the function f (x) = 1 + x + ( n 2t + 2 n t) dt, where f (x) vanishes is:
1
(A) e1 (B) 0 (C) 2 e1 (D) 1 + 2 e1
y x2
2 sin t dy
26. If cos t dt =
a t
dt , then the value of
dx
is
a
2sin x 2
2 2
2sin x 2sin x 2
(A) (B) (C) x 1 2sin y (D) none of these
x cos2 y x cos y 2 2
Page # 76
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
INTEGRATION AS A LIMIT OF SUM AND REDUCTION FORMULA
n
r3
27. lim 4 4 equals to :
n r 1 r n
1 1 1
(A) n 2 (B) n 2 (C) n 2 (D) n 2
2 3 4
3n
n
28. Lt
n
r 2n 1 r n2 is equal to :
2
2 3 2 3
(A) log (B) log (C) log (D) log
3 2 3 2
1/n
1 22 n2
29. lim 1 2 1 2 ... 1 2 is equal to :
n
n n n
e /2 2 /2
(A) (B) 2 e2 e/2 (C) e (D) none of these
2e2 e2
2 (n 1)
30. lim sin sin ..... sin is equals to :
n
n n n n
(A) 0 (B) (C) 2 (D) none of these
LEVEL - II
cos ec
1
1. If f(x) is a function satisfying f + x2 f(x) = 0 for all non-zero x, then f(x) dx equals
x sin
to :
(A) sin + cosec (B) sin2 (C) cosec2 (D) none of these
( /2)1/3
2. x 5 . sin x 3 dx equals to :
0
(A) 1 (B) 1/2 (C) 2 (D) 1/3
1/n
lim sin
2 3 (n 1)
3. n
. sin . sin .......sin is equal to :
2n 2n 2n n
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
2 3 4
4. If f(x) and g(x) are continuous functions satisfying f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 2,
a
then f(x) g(x) dx is equal to :
0
a a
(A) g(x)dx (B) f(x)dx (C) 0 (D) none of these
0 0
Page # 77
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
10
[x 2 ]
5. If [.] stands for the greatest integer function, the value of 2 2 dx is :
4 [x 28x 196] [x ]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) none of these
6. [2e
0
x
] dx , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function, is equal to :
(A) 0 (B) n 2 (C) e2 (D) 2e –1
100 100 1
7. If f(x) dx = a, then f r 1 x dx =
0 r 1 0
(A) 100 a (B) a (C) 0 (D) 10 a
x
8. If f(x) = sin[2x]
0
dx , where [.] denotes greatest integer function, then f(/2) is :
1 1
(A) {sin 1 + ( – 2) sin 2} (B) {sin 1 + sin 2 + ( – 3) sin 3}
2 2
(C) 0 (D) sin 1 + 2 sin 2.
2
cos x 2
sin 2x
9. If A = 2 dx, then dx is equal to :
0 (x 2) 0 x 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) + – A (B) – A (C) 1+ –A (D) A – –
2 2 2 2 2 2
n
0 , where x , n 1, 2, 3..... 2
10. If f(x) = n 1 , then the value of f(x) dx .
1 , else where 0
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D)
/2
|x|dx
11.
/2
8 cos 2 2x 1 has the value :
2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
6 12 24
x 2
ax 2
12. If e dx = , then e dx where a > 0 is :
0 2 0
1
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D)
2 2a a 2 a
n
[x] dx
0
n
13. The expression , where [x] and {x} are integral and fractional parts of x and n
{ x} dx
0
N, is equal to :
1 1
(A) (B) (C) n (D) n–1
n 1 n
Page # 78
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
a
1 et e t
14. Let A = 1 t
dt, then
a 1 t a 1
dt has the value :
0
(A) Ae –a (B) – Ae–a (C) – ae–a (D) Ae a
2n
sin x
15. |sin x| dx (where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function and n ) is
0 2
equal to :
(A) 0 (B) 2n (C) 2n (D) 4n
/3
16. f(x) = Minimum {tanx, cot x} x 0, . Then
2
f(x)
0
dx is equal to :
3 3
(A) n 2 (B) n 2 (C) n ( 2 ) (D) n ( 3 )
2
17. The value of
1
x x
2 2
dx, where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function, is
equal to :
(A) 4 + 2 – 3 (B) 4 – 2 + 3 (C) 4– 3– 2 (D) none of these
18. I f f( ) = 2 a nd (f(x) f (x))
0
sin x dx = 5, the n f (0 ) is equal to :
(it is given that f(x) is continuous in [0, ])
(A) 7 (B) 3 (C) 5(D) 1
/2
19. If u10 = x10 sinx dx, then the value of u + 90 u is :
10 8
0
8 9 9 9
(A) 9 (B) (C) 10 (D) 9
2 2 2 2
tan x cot x
t 1
20. The value of dt dt
1/e
1 t2 1/e
t(1 t 2 ) , where x (/6, /3), is equal to :
(A) 0 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) cannot be determined
MULTIPLE QUESTIONS ANSWER TYPE
1
2x 2 3x 3
21. The value of
0 (x 1) x 2 2x 2 dx is :
1
(A) + 2 n 2 tan1 2 (B) + 2 n 2 tan1
4 4 3
(C) 2 n 2 cot1 3 (D) + n 4 + cot1 2
4
Page # 79
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
22. Given f is an odd function defined everywhere, periodic with period 2 and integrable
x
on every interval. Let g(x) =
0
f(t) dt. Then:
(A) g(2n) = 0 for every integer n (B) g(x) is an even function
(C) g(x) and f(x) have the same period(D) none of these
23. A function f(x) which satisfies, f (sin2 x) = cos2 x for all real x & f(1) = 1 is :
x3 1 x 1
(A) f(x) = x (B) f(x) = x2
3 3 2 2
(C) a polynomial of degree two (D) f(0) = 1/2
1
dx
24. If In = 2 n ; n N, then which of the following statements hold good?
0 1 x
1
(A) 2n In + 1 = 2 n + (2n 1) In (B) I2 =
8 4
1 5
(C) I2 = (D) I3 =
8 4 16 48
2
25. If f(x) is integrable over [1, 2], then f(x) dx is equal to :
1
n 2n
1 r 1 r
(A) lim
n
n
r 1
f
n
(B) lim
n
n
r n 1
f
n
n 2n
1 r n 1 r
(C) lim
n
n
r 1
f
n
(D) lim
n
n
r 1
f
n
4
26. x 2dx
0
(A) 2 (B) Integer (C) 4 (D) Even Integer
x
27. If g(x) cos 4 t dt, then g(x ) equals:
0
(A) g(x) g() (B) g(x) g() (C) g(x)g() (D) g(x)/ g()
cos x
28. 0
4 3sin x
dx
1
(A) Is rational (B) Irrational (C) 0 (D) xdx
1
x 1
29. f(t)dt x t f(t)dt, then the value of f(1) is:
0 x
(A) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) -1/2
0
3
30. The value of x 3x 2 3x 3 x 1 cos x 1 dx is
2
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
Page # 80
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2
dx
31. The value of the integral a 2 a,b 0 must be
0 cos x b2 sin2 x
2
(A) 2 a 2 b2 (B) (C)
2 a b2 essentially (D)
2ab
2
ab
x
32. Let g(x) 0
f(t) dt, where f is such that 1/2 f(t) 1 for t [0,1] and 0 f(t) 1/2 for
t [1,2]. Then g(2) satisfies the inequality:
(A) 1/2 g(2) 3/2 (B) 0 g(2) 2 (C) 3/2 g(2) 5/2 (D) 2 g(2) 4
x3
dt
33. Let f x log t , x 0 , then
x2
' x2 x
(A) f x (B) f is an increasing function
log x
(C) f has minimum at x = 1 (D) f is an increasing function on 1, )
34. Let a, b, c be non-zero real numbers such that
1 2
1 cos x ax bx c dx 1 cos x ax bx c dx .
8 2 8 2
0 0
Then, the quadratic equation ax 2 bx c 0
(A) no root in (0,2) (B) at least one root in (1,2)
(C) a double root in (0,2) (D) two imaginary roots
1 1/x
35. dt dt
If I1 x 1 t2 and I2 1 t 2
, x 0 then
1
(A) I1 I2 (B) I1 I 2 (C) I2 I1 (D) I2 tan1 x
4
tan x cot x
t dt dt
36. Let A and B t t
e 1
t2 1 e 1
2
1
(A) At x ,A B 1 (B) A B 1 for all x in 0,
4 2
(C) A+B = 1 for all x in 0, and 2 for all x in ,
4 4
(D) A = B for all x
π cos 2 x
37. The value of π 1 a x dx,a 0, is:
(A) (B) a (C) /2 (D) 2
Page # 81
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
/2
m
38. cos x sin m x dx is equal to
0
/2
/2
m m
(A) 2 cos xdx (B) 2 m m
0
sin
0
xdx dx
/2 /2
m 1
(C) 2 cos m xdx (D) 2
m 1
sin
m
xdx
0 0
39. If f is odd and is periodic with period 2, if g x f t dt, then
0
(A) g(x) is an odd function (B) g(x) is an even function
(C) g(x) as periodic with period 2 (D) g(x) is not periodic
1
40. If I(m,n) t m (1 t)n dt, then the expression for I(m,n) in terms of I(m 1,n 1) is:
0
2n n n
(A) I(m 1,n 1) (B) I(m 1,n 1)
m 1 m 1 m 1
2n n m
(C) I(m 1,n 1) (D) I(m 1,n 1)
m 1 m 1 m 1
5 /4
sin 2x
41. The value of dx is
cos x sin4 x
4
1
1 5
(A) (B) (C) 1 t 2
dt (D)
4 0 4
x2
t 2 5t 4
42. The point of extremum of dt is
0
2 et
(A) x = –2 (B) x = 0 (C) x = 1 (D) x = 4
t2 2 5
43. If f(x) is differentiable and x f(x)dx t , then f(4/25) equals:
0 5
(A) 2/5 (B) -5/2 (C) 1 (D) 5/2
44. The value of which satisfy 0 2 and sin xdx sin 2 are
/2
3 7 11
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 6 6
4
45. If |x 3|dx 2A B then A and B can be
1
3 1 3 1 3
(A) A ,B4 (B) A , B 1 (C) A 2, B (D) A , B
2 2 2 2 2
46. If f and g are continuous on [0, a) satisfying f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 2, then
a
f(x)g(x)dx
0
.
a a
(A) 0 f x dx (B) 0 g x dx (C) 1 (D) None of these
Page # 82
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
/2
dx
47. 1 tan x is
0
(A) multiple of (B) multiple of (C) multiple of (D) 2
4 2
1
x2
48. The value of integral e
0
dx is
(A) less than e (B) greater than e (C) less than 1 (D) greater than 1
2π
49. The value of [2sin x]dx where [.] represents the greatest function, is:
0
5 5
(A) (B) – (C) (D) –2
3 3
zb g
x
50. If ( x) cos x x t ( t )dt . Then the value of ( x) ( x) .
0
(A) sin x (B) -cosx (C) cos x (D) – sin x
/2
dx
51. If I 1 (tan x) 2 , then
0
(A) I < 1 (B) I is a rational number
(C) I is irrational number (D) none of these
52. The value of sin mx cos nx dx(m,n N) is equal to
/8 /2 1/2
(A) 0 (B) x 8 sin9 xdx (C) sin x f(cos x)dx (D) ecos x dx
/8 /2 1/2
/4
n
53. If In tan x dx then
0
1 1 2 20
(A) I7 I5 (B) I10 I8 (C) I8 I12 (D) I12 2I10 I8
6 9 99 99
a 1
dx
54. If f a 1 x 8 then the value of a for which f(a) attains maximum
a 1
(A) at a = 0
(B) at one value of a only
(C) at two values of a one in (-1,0) and the other in (0,1)
(D) at no value of a.
x2
dt
55. If f (x) (log t) 2
, x 0, x 1, then f(x) is
x
(A) monotonically increasing in (2, ) (B) monotonically increasing in (1, 2)
(C) monotonically decreasing in (2, ) (D) monotonically decreasing in (0, 1)
Page # 83
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
/4
dx
56. The value of the integral I = a
0
2
cos x b 2 sin 2 x
2 is
1 b 1 b
(A) tan-1 (a > 0, b > 0) (B) tan-1 (a < 0, b < 0)
ab a ab a
1 a 1
(C) (a = 1, b = 1) (D) tan 1
4 ab b ab
/ 4 / 4 / 4
cot x tan x tan x
57. I1 tan x
0
dx I2 cot x
0
dx I3
0
tan x dx
/ 4
tan x tan x
cot x dx I3 tan x
0
dx
/4
cot x
I4 cot x
0
dx
(A) I1 I3 (B) I 2 I 4 (C) I1 I 4 (D) I3 I 2
/ 2 /4
log 1 tan x dx
2
58. I1 log 3 cot x dx I2
0 0
(A) I1 0 (B) I2 0 (C) I2 0 (D) I2 0
/4 /4
59. I1 x 40 sin10 x dx I2 x sin x dx
0 0
1 1
(A) I1 I2 (B) I2 1 / 4 (C) I1 I 2 (D) I2 2
2 24
1
60. I esin x dx Then
0
(A) I1 0 (B) I1 e (C) I e (D) I1 e 2
MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Column – I Column – II
10
x 5
(A)
5 5
dx = (p) 1
(B) tan1 x dx = (q) 2
tan1
/3
6
(C) 2sin x dx = (r) 0
/6
1
cot 1 x
(D)
1
dx = (s) 3
where [.] represents greatest integer function.
Page # 84
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2. Column – I Column – II
/2
n (tan x cot x) dx = 2
(A)
0
(p)
4
/2
sin x cos x
(B) dx = (q) n 2
0 (sin x cos x)2
2
(C) x (sin2 x cos2 x) dx = (r) 0
0
/2
(D) (2 nsin x n sin 2x) dx= (s)– n 2
0 2
3. Match the following
Column- I Column-II
4x
(A) e
0
sin5xdx (p) 3
8
[x 2 ]dx 5
(B) [x 2 20x 100] [x 2 ] (where [.] is G.I.F.) (q)
2 41
3 /2
(C) sin x dx (where n N) (r) 120
0
5 x
(D) x e
0
dx (s) 60
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
Comprehension # 1
v(x )
If y = f(t) dt , let us define dy in a different manner as dy = v(x) f 2 (v(x)) – u(x)
u( x ) dx dx
dy
f2 (u(x)) and the equation of the tangent at (a, b) as y – b = dx (x – a)
(a, b)
x2
1. If y = t2 dt , then equation of tangent at x = 1 is
x
(A) y = x + 1 (B) x + y = 1 (C) y=x–1 (D) y = x
x
2 d
2. If F(x) = et /2
(1 – t2) dt, then F(x) at x = 1 is
1 dx
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) – 1
Page # 85
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
x4
nt dt , then lim
dy
3. If y = x 0
dx
is
x3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) – 1
Comprehension # 2
x2 x2
n (1 x cos )
Let g(t) = f(t, x) dx . Then g(t) = x t (f(t, x)) dx. Consider f(x) = d .
x1 1 0 cos
4. Range of f(x) is
2 2
(A) (0, ) (B) (0, ) 2
(C) , (D) ,
2 2 2 2
5. The number of critical points of f(x), in the interior of its domain, is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many
6. f(x) is
(A) discontinuous at x = 0 (B) continuous but not differentiable at x = 1
(C) continuous at x = 0 (D) differentiable at x = 1
Comprehension -3
For every function f(x) which is twice differentiable these will be good approximation
of
b
ba
f x dx f a f b ,
a
2
for more accurate results for c a, b ,
ca bc
F c f a f c f b f c
2 2
ab
when c
2
b
ba
f x dx 4
f a f b 2f c dx.
a
/ 2
7. Good approximation of sin xdx , is
0
(A) / 4 (B)
2 1 /4 (C)
2 1 /8 (D) /8
8.
If f x 0, x a, b and c, f c is point of maxima where c a, b , then f c is
f b f a f b f a f b f a
(A) (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 0
ba ba ba
Page # 86
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
t
t a
f x dx 2
f t f a
a
9. If lim 3
0 then degree of polynomial function f(x) at-most is
t a
t a
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2
INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
1
1. If f(x) = min {|x - 1|, |x|, |x + 1|} and I f x dx then value of 2 I is.
1
0 2
|sin x| |sin x|
2. If p x 1
dx, q
x 1
dx , where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function,
2 2
2 0
then find p+q.
3. Let f(x) x [x], for every real number x, where [x] is the integral part of x. Then
1
f(x) dx is.
1
e2 2log e x
4. Find the value of dx .
e 1 x
ecos x sin x for|x| 2, 3
5. If f(x) then find f(x) dx.
2 otherwise 2
x
6. Let f : (0, ) R and F(x) f(t) dt . If F(x 2 ) x 2 (1 x), then find f(4).
0
x
7. Let f(x) 2 t 2 dt. Then find the positive root of the equation x 2 f '(x) 0 .
1
8. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number. Suppose f is a continuous function such that for all
T 3 3 T
x R.f(x T) f(x). If I1 0
f(x) dx, and I2= 3
f(2x) dx Then find the value of I2/I1.
1/2 1 x
9. Find the value of the integral ln 4[x] dx .
-1/2
1 x
1
10. If
sin x
t 2 f(t)dt 1 sin xx (0, /2) then find f 1/ 3 .
5
11. Find the value of x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 dx
1
Page # 87
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
Questions asked in previous AIEEE / JEE MAINS
10
1. |sin x|dx is- [AIEEE 2002]
0
(A) 20 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 18
/ 4
2. In = tan n x dx, then lim n [In + In + 2] equals- [AIEEE 2002]
0 n
1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) zero
2
2
3. [x2] dx is- [AIEEE 2002]
0
(A) 2 – 2 (B) 2 + 2 (C) 2 –1 (D) – 2 – 3 +5
2x(1 sin x)
4. – 1 cos 2 x
dx is- [AIEEE 2002]
2
(A) (B) 2 (C) zero (D)
4 2
/2 sin x
5. Evaluate 0 sin x cos x
dx - [AIEEE 2002]
(A) (B) (C) zero (D) 1
4 2
b
6. If f(a + b – x ) = f(x), then a
xf(x) dx is equal to- [AIEEE 2003]
ab b ab b
(A)
2 a
f(b – x)dx (B)
2
a
f(x) dx
b–a b ab b
(C)
2
a
f(x )dx (D)
2
a
f(a + b + x) dx
x2
sec2 t dt
7. The value of lim
x 0
0
is- [AIEEE 2003]
x sin x
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) – 1
1
8. The value of the integral I = x(1 – x)n dx is- [AIEEE 2003]
0
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) – (D) +
n 1 n2 n 1 n 2 n 1 n2
d esin x 4 3
9. Let F(x) = x , x > 0. If sin x 3 dx = F (k) – F(1), then one of the possible
dx 1 xe
values of k, is- [AIEEE 2003]
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 63 (D) 64
Page # 88
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
10. Let f(x) be a function satisfying f (x) = f(x) with f(0) = 1 and g(x) be a function that
1
satisfies f(x) + g(x) = x2. Then, the value of the integral f(x)g(x) dx, is-
0
[AIEEE 2003]
e2 5 e2 3 e2 3 e2 5
(A) e – – (B) e + – (C) e– – (D) e+ +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n
1 r/n
11. lim e is [AIEEE 2004]
n
r 1 n
(A) e (B) e – 1 (C) 1 – e (D) 1+e
3
12. The value of –2
|1 – x2| dx is- [AIEEE 2004]
28 14 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
/2 (sin x cos x)2
13. The value of 0 1 sin 2x
dx is- [AIEEE 2004]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
/2
14. If 0
x f(sin x) dx = A 0
f(sin x)dx, then A is equals to- [AIEEE 2004]
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 2
4
ex f (a ) f (a ) I2
15. If f(x) = ,I =
1 ex 1 f (–a )
xg{x(1–x)}dx and I2 = f (–a )
g{x(1 – x)} dx, then the value of I is-
1
[AIEEE 2004]
(A) 2 (B) – 3 (C) –1 (D) 1
1
16. Let f : R R be a differentiable function having f(2) = 6, f (2) = . Then, lim
48 x 2
4t 3
f (x )
6 x – 2 dt equals- [AIEEE 2005]
(A) 18 (B) 12 (C) 36 (D) 24
1 1 2 2
2 3 2
2x dx , = 2x dx , = 2x dx and = 2 x 3 dx then
17. If 1 =
0
2
0
3
1
4 [AIEEE 2005]
1
(A) 3 > 4 (B) 3 = 4 (C) 1 > 2 (D) 2 > 1
18. Lim 1 sec2 1 2 sec2 4 ....... n sec2 1 equals to : [AIEEE 2005]
2
n
n n2 n2 n2 n2
1 1 1
(A) tan 1 (B) tan 1 (C) cosec 1 (D) sec 1
2 2 2
6 x
19. The value of the integral 3 9–x x
dx is- [AIEEE 2006]
3 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 1 (D)
2 2
Page # 89
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
– / 2
20. [(x + )3 + cos2 (x + 3)] dx is equal to- [AIEEE 2006]
– 3 / 2
4 4
(A) 32 + (B) (C) – 1 (D)
2 2 4 32
21. 0
xf(sin x) dx is equal to- [AIEEE 2006]
/ 2 /2
(A) 0 f(sin x) dx (B)
2 0
f(sin x) dx (C) 0 f(cos x) dx (D) 0 f(cos x) dx
1 x log t
22. Let F(x) = f(x) + f , f(x) = dt. Then F(e) equals- [AIEEE 2007]
x 1 1 t
1
(A) (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
2
1 1
sin x cos x
23. Let = dx and J = dx. Then, which one of the following is true ?
0
x 0
x
[AIEEE 2008]
2 2 2 2
(A) > and J > 2 (B) < and J < 2 (C) < and J > 2 (D) > and J < 2
3 3 3 3
24. [cot x] dx , where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function, is equal to :
0
[AIEEE 2009]
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) – (D)
2 2
25. Let p(x) be a function defined on R such that p(x) = p(1 – x), for all x [0, 1], p(0) = 1
1
and p(1) = 41. Then p(x)dx
0
equals [AIEEE 2010]
(A) 21 (B) 41 (C) 42 (D) 41
x
4
26. If g(x) = cos
0
t dt,then g(x + ) equals [AIEEE - 2012]
g(x)
(A) g() (B) g(x) + g( ) (C) g(x) – g( ) (D) g(x) . g( )
/3
dx .
27. The value of the integral
/6
1 tan x
is equal to
6
[JEE MAINS - 2013]
b b
Statement – II f ( x )dx f (a b x )dx
a a
(A) Statement – I is true Statement – II is false.
(B) Statement – I is false; Statement – II is true
Page # 90
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(C) Statement – I is true; Statement – II is true; Statement – II is a corect explanation
for Statement – I.
(D) Statement – I is true Statement- II is true; Statement – II is not a correct explanation
for Statement – I.
x x
28. The integral 1 4sin2 4sin dx equals [JEE MAINS - 2014]
0 2 2
2
(A) 4 (B) 44 3 (C) 4 3 4 (D) 4 3 4
3 3
4
log x 2
29. The integral log x dx is equal to : [JEE MAINS - 2015]
2
2
log 36 12x x 2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 6.
Questions asked in previous IIT JEE / JEE ADVANCED
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
1. If for all real numbers y, [y] is the greatest integer less than or equal to y, then the
3 / 2
value of the integral [2 sin x] dx is: [IIT-JEE - 1999]
/ 2
(A) (B) 0 (C) /2 (D) /2
3 /4
dx
2.
/4
1 cos x is equal to: [IIT-JEE - 1999]
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1/2 (D) 1/2
x
3. The function f(x) =
1
t (et 1) (t 1) (t 2)3 (t 3)5 dt has a local minimum at x =
[IIT-JEE - 1999]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
ecos x
4. 0 ecos x e cos x
dx [IIT-JEE - 1999]
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
6 2 2
e2
log e x
5. The value of the integral 1 x
d x is: [IIT-JEE - 2000]
e
(A) 3/2 (B) 5/2 (C) 3 (D) 5
Page # 91
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
x
1 1
6. Let g (x) =
0
f (t) d t, where f is such that
2
f (t) 1 for t (0, 1] and 0 f (t)
2
for t
(1, 2]. Then g (2) satisfies the inequality: [IIT-JEE - 2000]
3 1
(A) g (2) < (B) 1/2 g (2) 3/2
2 2
3 5
(C) < g (2) (D) 2 < g (2) < 4
2 2
ecos x . sin x for |x| 2 3
7. If f (x) = . Then f (x) d x: [IIT-JEE - 2000]
2 otherwise 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
x n t
8. For x > 0, let f (x) = 1 t d t. Find the function f (x) + f (1/x) and show that,
1
f (e) + f (1/e) = 1/2. [IIT-JEE - 2000]
9. Let f: (0, ) R and F(x) = f (t)dt . If F(x2) = x2(1 + x), then f(4) equals
0
[IIT-JEE - 2001]
(A) 5/4 (B) 7 (C) 4 (D) 2
cos 2 x
10. The value of x
dx , a > 0 is [IIT-JEE - 2001]
1 a
(A) (B) a (C) /2 (D) 2
x
11. Let f (x), x 0 be a non-negative continuous function and let F (x) = f (t) d t, x 0. If for
0
some c > 0, f (x) c F (x) for all x 0, then show that f (x) = 0 for all x 0.
[IIT-JEE - 2001]
12. Let T > 0 be a fixed real number. Suppose f is a continuous function such that for all x
T 3 3T
R, f(x + T) = f(x). If = f(x) dx , then the value of f(2x) dx is [IIT-JEE - 2002]
0 3
3
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6
2
x
13. Let f (x) = 2 t 2 d t. Then the real roots of the equation, x2 f (x) = 0 are :
1
[IIT-JEE - 2002]
1 1
(A) ± 1 (B) ± (C) ± (D) 0 & 1
2 2
Page # 92
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1/2
1 x
14. The integral [x] n d x, where [.] represents the greatest integral
1/2 1 x
functions, is : [IIT-JEE - 2002]
(A) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2 ln (1/2)
1
m
15. If (m, n) = t (1 t)n dt, then the expression of (m, n) in terms of (m + 1, n – 1) is
0
[IIT-JEE - 2003]
2n n n
(A) – (m + 1, n – 1) (B) (m + 1, n – 1)
m 1 m 1 m 1
2n n n
(C) – (m + 1, n – 1) (D) (m +1, n – 1)
m 1 m 1 m 1
x 2 1
t2
16. If f(x) = e dt, then the function f(x) decreases in [IIT-JEE - 2003]
x2
(A) (–2, 2) (B) (0, ) (C) no value of x (D) (–, 0)
17. Let f : [0,4] R is a differentiable function [IIT-JEE - 2003]
4
Show that f(t)dt 2 { f( 2 ) f(2 )} for some 0 < , < 2.
0
18. If f (x) is an even function, then prove that, [IIT-JEE - 2003]
/2 /4
0
f (cos 2 x) cos x dx = 2
0
f (sin 2 x) cos x d x.
t2 2 5 4
19. If, for t > 0 the definite integral x f(x) dx = t , then f is equal to
0 5 25
[IIT-JEE - 2004]
2 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5
1 1 x
20. The definite integral 0 1 x
dx is equal to [IIT-JEE - 2004]
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) –1 (D)
2 2 2
x2
cos x.cos
21. y x .d . Find y (x) at x = . [IIT-JEE - 2004]
2 /16 1 sin2
/3
4x 3
dx
22. /3 2 cos |x|
[IIT-JEE - 2004]
3
Page # 93
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1
1
23. If t 2 (f(t)) dt = (1 – sinx), then f is [IIT-JEE - 2005]
sin x 3
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/ 3 (C) 3 (D) 3
0
3
24. {x 3x 2 3x 3 (x 1)cos(x 1)} dx is equal to [IIT-JEE - 2005]
2
(A) – 4 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 6
|cos x| 1 1
25. Evaluate e
0
2sin cos x 3 cos cos x sinx dx.
2 2
[IIT-JEE - 2005]
x , 0 x 1 x
x 1
26. f(x) = 2 e , 1 x 2 and g(x) = f(t) dt , x [1, 3] then [IIT-JEE - 2006]
x e , 2x 3 0
(A) g(x) has no local maxima (B) g(x) has no local minima
(C) g(x) has a local maxima at x = 1 + log e2
(D) g(x) has a local minima at x = e
1
50 100
(1 x
0
) dx
27. The value of 5050 1 is [IIT-JEE - 2006]
50 101
(1 x ) dx
0
Comprehension # 1 (Q.28 to Q.30)
b
ba
Suppose we define the definite integral using the following formula f(x)dx
a
=
2
(f(a)
ca bc
+ f(b)), for more accurate result for c (a, b), F(c) = (f(a) + f(c)) + (f(b) + f(c)).
2 2
b
ab b a
When c =
2
, f(x)dx
a
=
4
(f(a) + f(b) + 2f(c)).
/2
28. sin x
0
dx is equal to [IIT-JEE - 2006]
(A) (1 + 2) (B) (1 + 2) (C) (D)
8 4 8 2 4 2
t
(t a)
f(x)dx 2
(f(t) f(a))
29. If f(x) is a polynomial and if lim
ta
a = 0 for all a.
(t a)3
then the degree of f(x) can atmost be [IIT-JEE - 2006]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Page # 94
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
30. If f(x) < 0 x (a, b) and c is a point such that a < c < b, and (c, f(x)) is the point lying
on the curve for which F(c) is maximum, then f(c) is equal to [IIT-JEE - 2006]
f(b) f(a) 2(f(b) f(a)) 2f (b) f(a)
(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
ba ba 2b a
sec2 x
f(t) dt
lim 2
31. x
equals [IIT-JEE - 2007]
4 2
x2
16
8 2 2 1
(A) f(2) (B) f(2) (C) f (D) 4f(2)
2
32. Match the column [IIT-JEE - 2007]
Column – I Column – II
1
dx 1 2
(A) 1 x2 (p)
2
log 3
1
1
dx 2
(B) 2 (q) 2log 3
0 1 x
3
dx
(C) 1 x2 (r)
3
2
2
dx
(D) x (s)
1 x2 1 2
n n 1
n n
33*. Let Sn =
k 1 n kn k 2
2 and Tn =
k 0 n kn k 2
2 for n = 1, 2, 3, ..... Then,
[IIT-JEE - 2008]
(A) Sn < (B) Sn > (C) Tn < (D) Tn >
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Comprehension # 2 (Q.34 to Q.36)
x 2 ax 1
Consider the function f : (–, ) (–, ) defined by f(x) = , 0 < a < 2.
x 2 ax 1
34. Which of the following is true ? [IIT-JEE - 2008]
(A) (2 + a)2 f (1) + (2 – a)2 f (–1) = 0 (B) (2 – a)2 f (1) – (2 + a)2 f (–1) = 0
(C) f(1) f (–1) = (2 – a)2 (D) f(1) f (–1) = – (2 + a)2
35. Which of the following is true ? [IIT-JEE - 2008]
(A) f(x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) and has a local minimum at x = 1
(B) f(x) is increasing on (–1, 1) and has a local maximum at x = 1
Page # 95
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
(C) f(x) is increasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local maximum nor a local minimum
at x = 1
(D) f(x) is decreasing on (–1, 1) but has neither a local maximum nor a local minimum
at x = 1
ex
f (t)
36. Let g(x) = 0
1 t2
dt. Which of the following is true ? [IIT-JEE - 2008]
(A) g(x) is positive on (–, 0) and negative on (0, )
(B) g(x) is negative on (–, 0) and positive on (0, )
(C) g(x) changes sign on both (–, 0) and (0, )
(D) g(x) does not change sign on (–, )
sin nx
37*. If n =
(1 x )sin x
dx, n = 0, 1, 2, ..., then [IIT-JEE - 2009]
10 10
(A) n = n+2 (B)
m 1
2m1 10 (C)
m 1
2m 0 (D) n = n+1
x
38. Let f : R R be a continuous function which satisfies f(x) = f(t) dt . Then the value of
0
f( n 5) is [IIT-JEE - 2009]
x
1 tn (1 t)
39. The value of lim dt is [IIT-JEE-2010]
x 0 x3 0 t4 4
1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
12 24 64
1
x 4 (1 x)4
40. The value(s) of
0 1 x2
dx is (are) [IIT-JEE-2010]
22 2 71 3
(A) – (B) (C) 0 – (D)
7 105 15 2 x
41*. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval (0, ) by f(x) = n x + 1 sin t
0
dt. Then which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? [IIT-JEE-2010]
(A) f(x) exists for all x (0, )
(B) f(x) exists for all x (0, ) and f is continuous on (0, ), but not differentiable on
(0, )
(C) there exists > 1 such that |f(x)| < |f(x)| for all x (, )
(D) there exists > 0 such that |f(x)| + |f(x)| for all x (0, )
42. For any real number, let [x] denote the largest integer less than or equal to x. Let f be
a real valued function defined on the interval [–10, 10] by [IIT-JEE-2010]
x – [x] if [x] is odd,
f(x) =
1 [x] – x if [x] is even
10
2
Then the value of f(x) cos x dx is
10 –10
43. Let f be a real-valued function defined on the interval (–1, 1) such that e–x f(x) = 2 +
x
t 4 1 dt for all x (–1, 1) and let f–1 be the inverse function of f. Then (f–1) (2) is
0
equal to [IIT-JEE-2010]
Page # 96
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 e
ln 3
x sin x 2
44. The value of sin x 2 sin(ln 6 x 2 ) dx is [IIT-JEE-2011]
ln 2
1 3 1 3 3 1 3
(a) ln (b) ln (c) ln (d) ln
4 2 2 2 2 6 2
45. Let f: [1, ) [2, ) be a differentiable function such that f (1) 2 . If
x
6 f ( t )dt 3xf ( x ) x 3 for all x 1, then the value of f(2) is [IIT-JEE-2011]
1
46. Let f : [-1, 2] [0, ) be a continuous function such that f(x) = f(1 – x) for all x [-1, 2].
2
Let R 1 xf ( x )dx , and R2 be the area of the region bounded by y = f(x), x = -1, x = 2,
1
and the x-axis. Then [IIT-JEE-2011]
(A) R1 = 2R2 (B) R1 = 3R2 (C) 2R1 = R2 (D) 3R1 = R2
b
2
47. If (f(x) 3x)dx a b2 , then the value of f is ________ [IIT-JEE-2011]
a 6
5/6
2
48. The value of ln 3 sec(x)dx is ________ [IIT-JEE-2011]
7/6
49. Let the straight line x = b divides the area enclosed by y = (1 - x) 2, y = 0 and x = 0 into
1
two parts R1(0 x b) and R2(b x 1) such that R1 - R2 = . Then b equals
4
[IIT-JEE-2011]
(A) 3/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/4
/2
2 x
50. The value of the integral x ln cos x dx is [IIT-JEE-2012]
/2
x
2 2 2
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 4 (D)
2 2 2
1
51. Let f ,1 R (the set of all real numbers) be a positive non-constant and differen-
2
1
1
tiable function such that f(x) < 2f(x) and f 1 . Then the value of
2
f(x) dx lies in the
1/2
interval [JEE Advanced-2013]
e 1 e 1
(A) (2e – 1, 2e) (B) (e – 1, 2e- 1) (C) ,e 1 (D) 0,
2 2
Page # 97
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
1 2
3 d 2 5
52. The value of 0 dx 2 (1 x ) dx is _________
4x [JEE Advanced-2014]
/2
17
53. The following integral (2cos ecx)
/4
dx is equal to [JEE Advanced-2014]
log(1 2 ) log(1 2 )
u 16 17
(A)
2 e e u
du (B) e
u
e u du
0 0
log(1 2 ) log(1 2 )
17 16
(C)
0
eu e u du (D)
0
2 eu e u du
54. Let f : [0, 2] R be a function which is continuous on [0, 2] and is differentiable on (0,
x2
2) with f(0) = 1. Let F (x ) t ) dt for x [0, 2]. If F(x) = f (x) for all x (0, 2), then
f(
0
F(2) equals [JEE Advanced-2014]
(A) e2–1 (B) e4 –1 (C) e –1 (D) e4
Paragraph
1 h
Given that for each a (0, 1), lim a
(1 t)a 1 dt exists. Let this limit be g(a). In addi-
h 0 t
h
tion, it is given that the function g(a) is differentiable on (0, 1).
[JEE Advanced-2014]
1
55. The value of g is
2
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D)
2 4
1
56. The value of g is
2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 0
2 2
57. Match the following: [JEE Advanced-2014]
List - I List - II
(P) The number of polynomials f(x) with non-negative (1) 8
integer coefficients of degree 2, satisfying f(0) = 0
1
and f (x)dx 1 , is
0
(Q) The number of points in the interval 13, 13 at (2) 2
which f(x) = sin (x2) + cos(x2) attains its maximum value, is
Page # 98
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
2
3x 2
(R)
2
1 ex
dx equals (3) 4
1/2 1 x
cos 2x log dx
1/2 1 x
(S) 1/2 1 x (4) 0
cos 2x log dx
0 1 x
Codes:
P Q R S
(A) 3 2 4 1
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 3 2 1 4
(D) 2 3 1 4
x , x 2
58. Let f : R R be a function defined by f x 0, x 2 , where [x] is the greatest
2 xf x 2
integer less than or equal to x. If I 2 f x 1 dx , then the value of (4I – 1) is
1
[JEE Advanced-2015]
x2
6
1
59. Let F x 2cos 2 tdt for all x R and f : 0, 0, be a continuous function. For
x
2
1
a 0, , if F’(a) + 2 is the area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, y = f(x) and x = a,
2
then f(0) is [JEE Advanced-2015]
2
x 2 cos x
dx
60. The value of 1 e x is equal to [JEE Advanced-2016]
2
2 2
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
4 4 2 e 2 2 e 2
x
t2
61. The total number of distinct x 0,1 for which 0 1 t4 dt 2x 1 is
[JEE Advanced-2016]
Page # 99
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
ANSWER KEY
DRILL - I
104 10
1. (i) (ii) – n 4 (iii)
5 21
8
2. (i) (ii) (iii) 4 + n 5 (iv)
4 21
2 1 e 2
3. (i) (ii) n (iii) 1 (iv) –
2 2 2 6 9
4 1
4. (i) – n 2 (ii) (iii) – (b – a)2 (iv) 1 – n 4
2 4 2 8 3
5 9 1
5. (i) (ii) 2 n2 (ii) n (iv) (v) n 3
4 6 8 2 20
DRILL - II
5
1. 17 2. 29 3. 2e – 2 4. 2 – 2 5. 2 6.
2
7. |b| - |a|
DRILL - III
a
1. 2. 3. 4. (a + b) 5. 0 6. log 2
4 4 2 4 8
1 21 2
log 2 2 log
7. 0 8. 9. 0 11. 12. 21 1
2 16 4 21
13. log e 2
2
DRILL - IV
1 1
1. 2. 3. 0 4. 1:1 5. 6. 16
2 6 2
DRILL - V
2
1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 5. 0 6.
2 6 3
2 1
7. 2 8. log(2 3 ) 9. 10. tan 1 2
3 4 12 2 3 3 2
11.
4
DRILL - VII
2 ( 3 1) 3 7 2 8
1. log e 4 2. log e 2 3. 4. 2 5.
3 2 2 72 2
8 2
6. 7.
2a 3 b 3
a 2
b2
Page # 100
DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
DRILL - VII
3 3 n n
1. 2. 40 5. 22 2 6. log(2 3 ) 7. 2 2 n
2 2 2 3 4
DRILL - VIII
1
(x 2 x) 5 3 sin 2 x 2 5 3 sin 2 2 x
1. log x 2.
sin y
3. ( 3 3 2 2 1) 5. 8f (x)
7. Manixmum = -1, 1; Minimum = -2, 0, 2 8. x 2 y 1 0
1 6
10. (i) log( 1) (ii) 11. 4 2 12. 2 tan 1 2
a 1 3
DRILL - IX
12. n 10 –8
DRILL - X
n(n 1)(4n 1)
1. 1 2. 2 2 3. 4. 5 – 2 – 3
6
5. cos 1 + cos 2 + cos 3 + 3 6. , 7.
2
8. log 6 9. - 10. (1000 – tan 1) 11. 0
k
12.
5 5
2
13. r 1r
r 1
1/ n
r 11 / n k (a k 1 / n ) 14. –
DRILL - XI
1 1 1
1. 2. 2 3. 4. log 2 5. 6.
2 4 3 2 14
1 1 1 9
7. tan 1 8. 9. 10. 11. log
2 6 m 1 2 4 5
4 1 4 2
12. 13. 14. e 2 / 48 15. 16. (52 15)
e e e
9 2
DRILL - XII
7 16 3 35 1 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2048 1155 256 256 8 120
128 128 m n 1 m! n!
7. 8. 10. (b a ) (m n 1)!
15015 693
DRILL - XIII
9 1 2
10. (i) (ii) (iii) 5 (iv) 1 (v)
2 2 8
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DEFINITE INTEGRATION MATHEMATICS -
EXERCISE
LEVEL - I
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A
7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. AC 12. ABCD
13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. AB
19. B 20. C 21. ABC 22. AD 23. C 24. B
25. D 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. C
LEVEL - II
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B
7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D
13. D 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. B
19. C 20. C 21. ACD 22. ABC 23. CD 24. AB
25. BC 26. (B,C,D) 27. (A) 28. (A,C,D) 29. (A) 30. (C)
31. (A,B) 32. (A) 33. (A,B,D) 34. (B) 35. (A,D) 36. (A,B)
37. (C) 38. (A,B) 39. (B,C) 40. (A) 41. (A,C) 42. (A,B,C)
43. (A) 44. (A,B,C,D) 45. (C,D) 46. (A) 47. (A) 48. (A,D)
49. (B) 50. (B) 51. (A,C) 52. (A,B,C) 53. (A,B,C,D) 54. (A,B)
55. (A,D) 56. (A,B,C) 57. (A,B,C,D) 58. (A, C) 59. (A, B) 60. (A, B, D)
MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS
1. (A) (r), (B) (r), (C) (p), (D) (p) 2. (A) (q),(B) (r),(C) (p),(D) (s)
3. (A-q), (B-p), (C-p), (D-r)
COMPREHENSION TYPE
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C
7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (B)
INTEGER TYPES QUESTIONS
1. 1 2. 0 3. 1 4. 5 5. 2 6. 4
7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 3 11. 0
AIEEE / JEE MAINS PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B
7. C 8. C 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A
13. C 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. A
19. A 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C
25. A 26. B or D 27. C 28. D 29. C
IIT JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. 5. B 6. B 7. C
2
1
8. n 2 x 9. C 10. C 12. C 13. A 14. A
2
4 1
15. A 16. B 19. A 20. C 21. 2 22. tan 1
3 2
24 e cos 1 1 e sin 1 1
23. C 24. C 25. 26. D 27. 5051
5 2 2 2
28. B 29. A 30. A 31. A
32. (A) (s),(B) (s),(C) (p),(D) (r) 33. AD 34. A 35. A 36. B
37. ABC 38. 0 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. 4
43. B 44. A 45. (6) 46 C 47. 48.
6
49. B 50. B 51. D 52. (2) 53. A 54. B
55. A 56. D 57. D 58. 0 59. 3 60. A
61. 1
Page # 102
AREA UNDER CURVE 3
UNIT
Theory
Drill Exercises
Exercises
Single Correct Type Questions
Multiple Correct Type Questions
Matrix Match Type Questions.
Comprehension Type Questions
Integer Type Questions
Previous Years Questions
Answer Key
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
RULES OF CURVE SKETCHING
While constructing the graphs of functions, following points must be considered.
(1) Domain & range of the function
(2) Determine the odd-even nature of the function
(3) Find the period of the function if it is periodic
(4) Discuss discontinuity and differentiability of function
(5) If it passes through origin then the equation of tangent at origin is given by putting
lowest degree term = 0 for example:-
(i) y 2 = 4ax is passing through origin and equation of tangent to y 2 = 4ax at origin
is 4ax = 0 x = 0
(ii) Equation of tangent to x2 + y2 – x + y = 0 at origin is given by x + y = 0 y = x
(6) Find the values of x if possible for which f(x) 0
(7) The interval of increase and decrease of function .
(8) Maxima / minima and point of inflection.
(9) Symmetry
(i) Symmetry about x-axis:- if all powers of y are even. eg:- y 2 = 4ax
(ii) Symmetry about y-axis:- if all powers of x are even. eg:- x 2 = 4ay
(iii) Symmetry about opposite quadrants:- By putting -x & -y for x and y respectively,
equation remains same. eg:- xy = c 2 , x 2 + y 2 = a 2
(iv) Symmetry about the line y = x:- By interchanging x and y, equation
remains same. eg:- x 2 + y 2 = a 2
ASYMPTOTES
The straight line AB is called the asymptote of curve y = f(x) if it touches the curve at
infinity.
(i) If f(x) for x a then the straight line x = a is the asymptotes of the curve
y = f(x).
(ii) If xlim
f(x) = a then y = a is horizontal asymptote
f(x)
(iii) If lim m and, lim f(x) - mx = c then straight line y = mx +c is the asymptotes
x x x
of the curve.
Ex. 1 Sketch the curve y x 3 4x .
Sol. (i) The equation of the curve remains same if (x) is replaced by (–x) and (y) by (–y),
so it is symmetric in opposite quadrants.
Consequently, the curve in the first quadrant is identical to the curve in third
quadrant and the curve in second quadrant is similar to the curve in fourth
quadrant.
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
(ii) The curve passes through the origin. Equating the lowest degree term y + 4x to
zero, we get y + 4 x = 0 or y = – 4x. so y = –4x is tangent to the curve at the origin.
(iii) Putting y = 0 in the equation of the curve, we obtain x 3 4x 0 x 0, 2 So, the
curve meets x-axis at (0, 0), (2, 0), (–2, 0)
Putting x = 0 in the equation of the curve, we get y = 0.
So, the curve meets y-axis at (0, 0) only.
3 dy
(iv) y x 4x 3x 2 4
dx
dy 2 2
Now, 0 3x 2 4 0 x x 0
dx 3 3
2 2
x or x
3 3
dy 2 2
and 0 x
dx 3 3
2
So, the curve is decreasing in the interval (2 / 3,2 / 3) and increasing for x
3
2
or x
3
2 2
x is a point of local maximum and x is a point of local minimum.
3 3
2 16
When x y
3 3 3
2 16
When x y
3 3 3
Keeping above points in mind, we sketch the curve as shown in fig.
Ex. 2 Sketch the curve y x 1 x 2 x 3
Sol. We note the following points about the given curve.
(i) The curve does not have any type of symmetry about the coordinate axis and also
in opposite quadrants.
(ii) The curve does not pass through the origin.
(iii) Putting y = 0 in the equation of the curve, we get (x – 1) (x – 2) (x –3) = 0 x 1, 2, 3
So, the curve meets x-axis at (1, 0), (2, 0) and (3, 0).
Putting x = 0 in the equation of the curve, we get y 6 . So, the curve crosses y –axis
at (0, 6) .
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
We observe that x 1 y 0
1 x 2 y 0
2 x 3 y 0
and x 3 y 0
Clearly, y decreases as x decreases for all x < 1 and y increases as x increases for
x > 3. keeping all the above points in mind, we sketch the curve as shown in fig.
Ex. 3 Construct the graph for :
x2 1
f x
x2 1
Sol. Hence,
x2 1 2
f (x) 2
1 2
x 1 x 1
(1) The function f(x) is well defined for all real x.
Domain of f(x) R.
(2) f ( x) f (x), so it is an even function.
(3) non-periodic function.
f (x) 1 for x .
Also at x = 0 f(x) = -1
It may be observed that f(x) <1 for any x R and consequently its graph lies below the
line y = 1 which is asymptote to the graph of the given function.
2
Again 2
x 1
decreases for (0, ) and increases for , 0 thus f(x) increases for
0, and decreases for , 0 in its range.
1
Ex.4 Construct the graph for f x x
x
Sol. The function is defined for all x except for x = 0
It is an odd function for x 0.
It is not a periodic function
for x 0 f(x) ,
for x 0 f(x)
for x f(x) ,
for x f(x)
The straight line x = 0 and y = x are the asymptotes of the graph of the given
function.
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Now consider f(x 2 ) f(x1 )(for x 2 x1 )
1 1
(x 2 x1 )
x 2 x1
1
(x 2 x1 ) 1 0 for x1x 2 (0,1]
x1x 2
and it is > 0 for x1, x 2 [1, ).
Thus f(x) increases for x [1, ) and decreases for
x (0,1]
Thus the least value of the function is at x = 1
which is f(1) = 2. Thus its graphs can be drawn as
1
Ex.5 Construct the graph for f x
1 e1/x
Sol. The function is defined for all x except for x = 0. It is neither even nor odd function.
It is not a periodic function.
for x 0 f x 0
for x 0 f x 1
1
for x f x
2
1
for x f x
2
1
lim f x
x 2
1
The straight line y 2 is asymptote of the graph of the given function.
1
As x increases for (0, ), decreases from 0, and e1/ x decreases from 0, .
x
1
Thus (1 e1/ x ) decreases from (2, ) 1 increases from (0, 1/2) for x 0,
1 ex
Similarly, f(x) increasing from (1/2, 1) for x , 0
i.e., f(x) is an increasing function except for x = 0. Thus its graph can be drawn as
shown in fig.
Page # 107
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
AREA
Area ABCDA bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and two ordinates x = a and x = b is
b
ydx, if y 0 for x [a, b]
b
a
given by |
y | dx b
a
ydx, if y 0 for x [a, b]
a
y = f(x) C
B A D
x
x= a x= b
x= a y = f(x)
x= b
C
B
A D x
If f(x) changes sign in interval [a, b], say y 0 in [a, c], y 0 in [c, d]and y 0
in [d, b], where a < c < d < b, then area bounded by the curve y = f(x), x-axis and the
lines x = a and x = b
b c d b
|y|dx ydx ydx ydx = A1 – A2 + A3 , where A1, A2 and A3 are algebraic areas.
a a c d
y = f(x)
x= a A1 A3 x= b
a c x d b x
x’
A2
Area ABCDA enclosed by the curve x = f(y), y-axis and two abscissae y = c and y = d is
given by
d
xdy,if x 0 for c y d
d
c
|x|dy =
d
c
xdy, if x 0 for c y d
c
y
y
B y=d y=d
C
x = f(y)
d
A y=c D
O
c
O x
y=c
Area ABCDA bounded by two curves y = f(x), y = g(x) and two ordinates x = a, x = b is
given by
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
b
(f(x) g(x))dx, if f(x) g(x) for a x b
b
|f(x) g(x)|dx = a
b
a
a
(f(x) g(x))dx, if f(x) g(x) for a x b
While using this formula f(x) is taken from the curve which lies above and g(x) is taken
from the curve which lies below.
If a < c < d < b and
y = g(x) x= b
f(x) g(x)for a x c
f(x) g(x) for c x d y = f(x)
x
x= a
f(x) g(x) for d x b
c d b
then shaded area (f(x) g(x))dx (f(x) g(x))dx (f(x) g(x))dx
a c d
c d b
(f(x) g(x ))dx (f (x) g(x))dx (f(x) g(x) )dx
a c d
y = f(x) y = g(x) y = f(x)
y = g(x) y = f(x) y = g(x)
a c d b x
Area bounded by the two curves x = f(y), x = g(y) and two abscissae y = c and y = d is
d
given by area ABCDA = | x1 x 2 | dy y
c
d y=d
(x1 x 2 )dy, if x1 x 2 for c y d
B
x = g(y)
C
x = f(y)
c
d
A y=c D
c
(x1 x 2 )dy, if x1 x 2 for c y d
O x
Area bounded by line and standard curve like circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.
Ex. 6 Find the area of smaller portion of the circle x2 + y2 = 4 cut off by the line x = 1.
Sol. Equation of the circle is x2 + y2 = 4 and equation of the line is x = 1.
y
A
x2+ y 2= 4
O x
C
x=1
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
2 2 2
x 22 x 2 22 x
2
Required area = area ABCA 2 ydx 2 4 x dx 2 sin1
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 3
= sq. units
3
Ex. 7 Find the area included between the line y = x and the parabola x2 = 4y.
Sol. Equation of parabola is x2 = 4y and equation of line is y = x
Solving we get x2 = 4x y
2
x = 4y
or, x(x – 4) = 0
y=x
x = 0, 4 B
A
C
line y = x cuts parabola at two points O and B,
O x
x co-ordinate of O is 0 and x coordinate of B is 4
4 4
x2
Required area = area OCBAO =
(y1 y 2 )dx x
dx
4
0 0
4
x2 x3 16 64 8
sq. units .
2 12 0 2 12 3
Ex. 8 Find the area bounded by the curve x = 2 – y – y2 and y–axis.
y
1
y=1
Sol. The required area = xdy
1 2 x
2
= (2 y y )dy
y = –2
2
1
y2 y3 9
= 2y sq. units
2 3 2
2
Ex. 9 Find the area bounded by the curves y = x and y x 3
Sol. Equations of given curves are y = x ...... (1)
and y x 3 ...... (2)
From (1) and (2), x x 3
x x 3 0 x(1 x 3 ) 0
x 0 or x 2 1 x 0
or, x = 1 or x = -1
From (1),
x 0 y 0,
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
x 1 y 1 and x 1 y 1
Now required area = area ABOA + area ODCO
0 1
1 y1 y 2 dx 0 y1 y 2 dx
0 1
0 1 x4 x2 x2 x4
1 x
3 3
x) dx x x dx
0
4 2 1 2 4 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 sq. units
4 2 2 4 4 4 2
Ex. 10 Find the area bounded by the parabola y 2 4x and the straight line x y 3
Sol. Given curves are y 2 4x ... (1)
and x y 3 ... (2)
Curve (1) is a parabola whose vertex is (0, 0)
and axis is y = 0.
Line (2) cuts x-axis at (3, 0) and y-axis at (0, 3)
Here required area OCDAO is bounded by curves
(1) and (2) and abscissae at A and C.
Hence we will find the values of y from equations (1) and (2).
Putting the value of x from equation (2) in (1), we get
y 2 4(3 y) or, y 2 4y 12 0
y 6, 2
2 2 y2
Required area OCDAO = 6 x1 x 2 dy 6 3 y
dy
4
2
y2 y3 64
3y sq. units.
2 12 6 3
Ex. 11 Find the area cut off from the parabola 4y 3x 2 by the line 2y 3x 12.
3x 2
Sol. Equation of parabola is y
4
3x
Equation of line is y 6
2
Here required area OABO is bounded by curves (1), (2) and ordinates x 2 and x 4
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
3x 2 3
From (1) and (2), we get x6
4 2
or x 2 2x 8 0
or, x 4 x 2 0 x 2,4
Now the required area OABO
3x 2
4 4 3x
2 y1 y 2 dx 2 6 dx
2 4
4
3 x3
x 2 6x
4 4 2
3 64 3 8
.16 24 4 12 27 sq. units
4 4 4 4
Ex. 12 Find the area bounded by the curve | x | y 1 and axis of x
Sol. Given curve is | x | y 1
curve is x y 1, when x 0
and x y 1, when x 0
The graph of the curve is as given in the figure
Required area = area CAOC + area OABO
0 1 0 1
1 ydx 0 ydx 1(x 1)dx 0 (1 x)dx
0 1 Y
x2 x2
x x A
2 1 2 0
x+
=1
y=
+y
1 1
–x
0 1 1 0 X
2 2 C O B
1 1
1 sq. units
2 2
DRILL - 1
1. What is the area under the curve
(i) y = sin x between the ordinates x = 0 and x
(ii) y = ex between the ordinates x = 0 and x n 2
(iii) y = x3 between the ordinates x = 0 and x = 2
(iv) x n x between the ordinates x = 1 and x = e
2. Find the aera of the region bounded by
(i) y = sin x and the x-axis in the interval 0,2
(ii) y = ex and y = x between x = 0 and x = 1
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
(iii) y = cos x and y = sin 2x between x = 0 and x
2
(iv) y 2 = 4 – x and the y - axus (v) y = 1 – |x| and the x -axis
(vi) y = x2 and y = 4 (vii) x = 4 – y 2, x = 0
3. Find the area of the region enclosed by the curves
(i) y = x2 and y = 2x (ii) y2 – 1 = 2x and x = 0
(iii) y = 6x – x2 and y = 3x (iv) y = x2 and y = 3x
(v) y = x3 – 6x2 + 8x and the x axis.
4. Find the area enclosed between the curves
(i) y = x2 – 5x and y = 4 – 2x
(ii) y = x 2 + 1, y = 2x – 2 and the ordinates x = – 1 and x = 2
(iii) y = 4x2 and y = x2 + 3 (iv) y = |x| and y = x2 – 2
5. Find the area between x -axis and the curve y = (x –1)2 – 25
6. Find the area of the region bounded by y2 = 4ax between the lines x = a and x = 9a.
7. Find the ara of the region bounded by the curve
x y a x 0, y 0 and the coordinate axes.
x2 y2
8. Let AOB be the positive quadrant of the ellipse 1 with OA = a and OB = b.
a 2 b2
Show that the area bounded between the chord AB and the arc AB of the ellipse is
2
4 ab square units
9. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis the line y = x
and the circle x2 + y2 = 32.
10. Prove that the curve y5 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the area of the square bounded by the
lines x = 0, x = 4, y = 4 and y = 0 into three equal parts.
11. Find the area of the e formed by the straight line 2x + y = 2 and the coordinate axis
using integration
If the regions A and B are given by A x, y : y x , B x, y : y 2 x , Find the
2
12.
area of A B .
Ex. 13 Find the area enclosed by the parabola y 2 2 x 1 , the tangent to the parabola
at 2,3 and x-axis.
Sol. Given parabola is y 2 2 x 1
Its axis is y = 2 and vertex is (1, 2). Let P (2,3).
dy dy 1
From (i), 2(y 2) 1
dx dx 2(y 2)
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
At P(2,3), dy 1
dx 2
Equation of tangent at P(2, 3) is
1
y 3 (x 2)
2
or, x 2y 4 0
Line (ii) cuts the x-axis at ( 4,0) and y-axis at (0, 2).
3
Required area, RQPAR = 0 x1 x 2 dy
3 2 3 2
0 [(y 2) 1 (2y 4)]dy 0 (y 6y 9)dy
3
y3
3y 2 9y (9 27 27) 0 9 square units.
3 0
Ex. 14 Area of the region bounded by the parabola y2 = 4x and a normal drawn to it with
gradient – 1.
Sol. Equation of normal
y = mx – 2am – am3
y=–x+2+1 (a = 1 and m = – 1)
y = 3 – x ; solving it will y2 = 4x.
(3 – x)2 = 4x
or 9 + x2 – 6x = 4x
x2 – 10x + 9 = 0 x=1 or x=9
2 2
y2
Now, A= x dy = (3 y) dy
6 6
4
Ex. 15 If the line y = mx divides the area enclosed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, x = 3/2 and the
curve y = 1 + 4x – x2 into two equal parts, then find the value of m.
Sol. The given curve is y – 5 = – (x – 2)2
Thus given curve is a parabola with vertex at (2, 5) and axis x = 2
Given that area CBFC = Area CDEBC
So area CDEBFC = 2 Area CBFC
3/2 y
y = mx
Area CDEBFC
(1 4x x 2 )dx E
0 D
3/2 B
3
x 2 3 9 9 39
x 2x 2 sq. units
3 2 4 8 8
0
C F x
3/2 x = 3/2
9m
Area CBFC 4 mxdx y = 1 + 4x – x
2
0
39 18m 13
So we must have or m
8 8 6
Area bounded by two standard curves.
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
Ex. 16 Area bounded by the line y = x and the curve y = f(x) (f(x) x x 1) and the line
x = 1, x = b, is (b 1 b2 (1 2) for all b > 1 then f(2) is
1 2 4
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) none of these
2 5 17
b
Sol. (f(x) x) dx (b 1 b2 ) (1 2)
1
b b
f(b) b 1 f(b) 1 b
1 b2 1 b2
x 2
f(x) 1 x f(2) 3
2
1 x 5
Ex. 17 Determine the area enclosed by the two curves given by y2 = x + 1 and y2 = –x + 1.
Sol. Given curves are
y2 = x + 1 ... (1) and y2 = – x + 1 ... (2)
curve (1) is the parabola having axis y = 0 and vertex (–1, 0).
curve (2) is the parabola having axis y = 0 and vertex (1, 0)
(1) – (2) 2x = 0 x = 0
From (1), x = 0
y= 1 y
1
C(0, 1)
y=1
Required area (x1 x2 )dy
1
x
1 1 A (-1, 0) O
2 B (-1, 0)
[(1 y ) (y2 1)]dy 2 (1 y
2
)dy
1 1 y = –1
D(0, 1)
1
y3 1 1 8
2 y 2 1 1 sq. units
3 3 3 3
1
Area bounded by any general curves
Ex. 18 Find the area of the region bounded by the x-axis and the curves defined by
3
y tan x, x and y cot x, x
3 3 6 2
Sol. Given curves are
y tan x, x
3 3
3
y cptx, x Required area = area OABO + area BACB
6 2
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1
cot xdx log sec x log sin x
/2 4 2
4 tan xdx log 2 log1 log1 log
0 /4
0
4 2
1 2
log 2 log
2
log 2 (log1 log 2) 2log 2 log 2 log 2 sq.units
Ex. 19 Find the area bounded by y = x |sinx| and x-axis between x = 0, x = 2 .
y
y= x
x sin x, if sin x 0, i.e., 0 x
Sol. y
x sin x,if sin x 0, i.e., x 2
2
Required area = x sin x dx (x sin x)dx O 2 x
0
2
2
x ( cos x) 0
( cos x)dx (x( cos x)) ( cos x)dx
0
2
sin x 0 (2 ) sin x 4 sq. units
Ex. 20 Find out the area enclosed by the polynomial function of least degree satisfying
1/x
f(x)
lim 1 = e and the circle x2 + y2 = 2 above the axis
x 0 x3
1/x
f(x)
Sol. Since lim 1 3 exists and f(x) is of least degree, so f(x) must be of the form
x 0 x
f(x) = ax4, solving the limit we get a = 1, so f(x) = x4 . Hence we have two curves
y = x4 ... (i)
y 2 x2 ... (ii)
Solving we get, 2 x2 x4 x8 x2 2 0
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(x2 – 1) (x6 + x4 + x2 + 2) = 0
y = x4
x2 – 1 = 0 x = 1
Required area y = 2 - x2
1 –1 1 x
2 2 x 2 x 4 dx
0
1
x 2 x x5 1 1 3
2 2 x 2 sin1 2 sq. units.
2 2 2 5
0
2 4 5 5 2
Ex. 21 Find out the area enclosed by y = x2 + cosx and its normal at x = in the first
2
quadrant.
Sol. f(x) = x2 + cos x f (x) = 2x – sinx f ( ) 1 P
2
(0, 1)A
Equation of normal at x = is
2
O Q R x
2 1
y x
4 1 2
( 1)2
at x axis, y = 0 x
4 2
Required area = area OAPQO + area of triangle PQR
/2
1 ( 1) 2 2
(x 2 cos x)dx
2 4 2 2 4
0
/2
x3 ( 1)2 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 3
sin x
= 24 1 1 1 = 1 .
3 0 8 8 4 24 32 32 32 24
Ex.22 Find the area enclosed between the curves
1
y = ln (x + e), x = ln and x-axis.
y
Sol. Given curves are y = ln (x + e) Y
1
andx = ln or, x = –ln y y = ln(x + e)
y x = –e
C
y = e–x
x
1
or, y = e–x or, y x’ B A O x
e (1 – e, 0)
Clearly the two curves cut at x = 0
Y’
Graph of curves (i) and (ii) will be as shown in the figure.
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Required area = shaded area (x1 x2 )dy
0
1
[ ln y (e y e)]dy
0
1 1
(y ln y – y) e y ey y ln y y e y ey
0 0
(0 1 e e) (0 0 1 0) lim y log y 0 = 1 + 1 = 2 sq. units.
y 0
DRILL - 2
1. Find the area of the region bounded by y = x(x – 1) (x – 2), the x-axis and
x = 0 and x = 4.
2. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = ex, y = e–x and the line x = 1
3. Find the area of the region bounded by y = 3x and the lines y = 3 and x = 0
4. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola y = x2 + 1,
the lines y = –x, x = 0 and x = 1
1
5. Find the area enclosed by the curves y nx, y 2x and the lines x and x = 2
2
6. Find area enclosed by |y| = 1 – x2
7. Find the area enclosed between y 5 x 2 and the lines y = |x – 1|.
8. Find the ratio in which the area bounded by the curves y2 = 12x and x2 = 12y is divided
by the line x = 3.
9. Find the ratio of the curves into which the circle x2 + y2 = 64a2 is divided by the curve
y2 = 12ax.
10. Compute the area of the region bounded by the straight line x = 0, x = 2 and the curve
y = 2a and y = 2x – x2.
2
11. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x2 and y .
1 x2
12. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = xex, y = xe–x and the line x = 1.
13. Find the area of the region bounded by the lines y = |x – 1| and y = 3 – |x|.
14. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves x = |y2 – 1| and y = x – 5.
15. Find the area of the region bounded by y = log, x and y = sin4 x
16. Find the area of the region bounded by 4y = |4 – x2| and y = 7 – |x|
1
17. Find the area enclosed by y = loge (x + e) and x log e and the x-axis.
y
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AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
1
18. Let f(x) = max sin x,cos x, . Determine the area of the region bounded by y = f(x), x-
2
axis and x 2 .
19.
2
2
Let f x max x , 1 x ,2x 1 x where 0 x 1 . Determine the rea of the region
bounded by y = f(x), x-axis, x = 0 and x = 1
20. Let A n between area bounded by the curve y = (tan x) n , n N and the lines
1 1 1
A n A n 2 and decuse that An .
n 1 2n 2 2n 2
21. Find the area bounded by the curves y = cosx and y = sinx between the ordinates x = 0
3
and x
2
SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 Find area enclosed by y = tan x ; y = cot x and x-axis in 1st quadrant.
4 2
Sol. A= tan x dx + cot x dx
0 4
Ex. 2 Compute the area enclosed between y = tan–1x ; y = cot–1x and y-axis.
1
1
Sol. A= (cot x tan1 x)dx
0
1
1
= 2 2tan x dx
0
4 4
alternatively A=2 x dy = 2 · tan y dy
0 0
Ex. 3 Find the area of the region in the 1st quadrant bounded on the left by the y-axis,
x
below by the line y= , above left by the curve y=1+ x and above right by the
4
2
curve y=
x
1
x
Sol. A1= (1 x) dx
4
0
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4
2 x
A2 = dx
x 4
1
A = A1 + A2 [Ans. 11/3]
Ex.4 Area enclosed between the smaller arc of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 11 = 0 and
the parabola y = – x2 + 2x + 1 – 2 3
Sol. Circle : (x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16 ....(1)
Parabola : y = – [x2 – 2x – 1 + 2 3 ]
= – [(x – 1)2 – 2 + 2 3 ]
y + 2 = (4 – 2 3 ) – (x – 1)2 ....(2)
Let x – 1 = X and y + 2 = Y
Hence Circle : X2 + y2 = 16 ;
Parabola : Y = 4 – 2 3 – X2
Solving the circle and parabola
X = 2 or – 2
andY = – 2 3 ; Y = 1 + 2 3 (rejected)
2 2
A = 2 (4 2 3 x ) 16 x ]
0
x2 y2
Ex.5 Find the average length of all vertical chords of the hyperbola 1 over the
a2 b2
interval a x 2a.
x2 2 b 2
Sol. y2 = 2 1 b y= x a2
a a
2a
1 1 b
yav. = x 2 a 2 dx
2 2a a a
a
2a 2a
2b x a2
yav. =
2b
2 2
x a dx = 2 x2 a2 ln x x 2 a 2
a2 a
a 2 2
a
Ex.6 Find the area of the figure bounded by the parabola y = ax2 + 12x – 14 and the
straight line y = 9x – 32 if the tangent drawn to the parabola at the point x = 3 is
known to make an angle – tan–16 with the x-axis.
Sol. y = ax2 + 12x – 14
dy dy
= 2ax + 12 ; 6a 12
dx dx x 3
hence tan( – tan–16) = 5a + 12
– 6 = 6a + 12 a=–3
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hence y = – 3x2 + 12x – 14 (note that D < 0, y < 0 x R)
point of intersection of the line with parabola are x = – 2 or 3
3
Hence A= [3x 2 12x 14] (9x 32)]dx
2
x3 x
Ex.7 Find out the ratio of areas in which the function f(x) = 100 35 divides the
circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 1 = 0 ([.] denotes the greatest integer function).
Sol. Circle is x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 1 = 0
Y 2 2
(x –2) + (y + 1) = 4
or, (x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4 = 22 ... (i)
Now for 0 x 4 X
(2 - 3, 0)
(2 + 3, 0)
x3 x x3 x
0 1 0 f(x) = 0 for 0 < x < 4
100 35 100 35
So, the circle have to find out the ratio in which x axis divides the circle (i). Now, at x-
axis, y = 0. So, (x–2)2 = 3
So, the circle cuts the x axis at the points (2 – 3 , 0) and (2 + 3 , 0)
2 3
4 (x 2)2 1 dx 4 3 3
Let A
3
2 3
A 4 3 3
The required ratio is
4 A 8 3 3
Ex.8 For what value of 'a' is the area of the figure bounded by the lines,
1 1 4
y= , y = 2x 1 , x = 2 & x = a equal to ln ?
x 5
1
Sol. y = 2x – 1 ; y= ; solving these two
x
we get, x = 1
a
1 1 4
Hence A= x 2x 1 dx
2
= ln
5
a
1 4
ln x 2 ln(2x 1) = ln
2 5
a
x2 16 a2 4 16
2 ln = ln ln ln ln
2x 1 2 5 2a 1 3 5
a2 64 a2 64
ln ln 15a2 – 128a + 64 = 0
2a 1 15 2a 1 15
8
a=8 ; a=
15
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Ex.9 Consider the two curves C1 : y = 1 + cos x & C2 : y = 1 + cos (x ) for 0, 2 ;
x [0, ]. Find the value of , for which the area of the figure bounded by the
curves C1, C2 & x = 0 is same as that of the figure bounded by C2 , y = 1 & x = . For
this value of , find the ratio in which the line y = 1 divides the area of the figure
by the curves C1, C2 & x = .
Sol. 1 + cos x = 1 + cos(x – )
x= –x x=
2
2
cos(x ) dx
now cos x cos(x ) dx = –
0
2
or sin x sin(x )0 2 = sin(x )2
sin 2 sin 2 [0 sin( )] = sin sin
2
2sin – sin = 1 – sin , hence 2sin =1 =
2 2 3
Ex.10 Let f (x) = x3 + 3x + 2 and g (x) is the inverse of it.
Find the area bounded by g (x), the x-axis and the
ordinate at x = – 2 and x = 6.
Sol. The required area will be equal to area enclosed by y = f (x),
the y-axis between the abscissa at y = – 2 and y = 6
1 0
Hence A = 6 f(x) dx
0
+ f(x) (2) dx
1
1 0
= (4 x
3
x)dx + (x
3
3x 4)dx = 5 Ans
0 1 4
Ex. 11 If the area bounded by y = x2 + 2x – 3 and the line y = kx + 1 is least. Find k and
also the least area.
Sol. x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation
x2 + 2x – 3 = kx + 1
x2 + (2 – k) x – 4 = 0
x1 x 2 k 2
x1x 2 4
x2
2
A= [(kx 1) (x
x1
2x 3)]dx
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x
x2 x 3 2 x 22 x12 1 3
=
(k 2)
2
3
4x =
x1
(k 2)
2
3
x 2 x13 4(x 2 x1 )
(k 2)2 1
= (x2 – x1) 2
(x 2 x1 )2 x1x 2 4
3
(k 2)2 1
= 2
(x 2 x1 ) 4x1x 2
(k 2)2 4 4
2 3
(k 2)2 16 1 16 [(k 2)2 16]3 2
= (k 2)2 =
6 6 3 6
32
A is minimum if k = 2. Hence Amin = ]
3
Ex. 12 Find the area of the figure enclosed by the curve 5x2 + 6xy + 2y2 + 7x + 6y + 6 = 0
Sol. Equation of curve can be re-written as 2y2 + 6(1 + x) y + 5x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
3(1 x) (3 x) (x 1) 3(1 x) (3 x) (x 1)
y1 , y2
2 2
Therefore the curves (y1 and y2) are defined for values of x for which (3 – x) (x – 1) 0
i.e., 1 x 3
(Actually the given equation denotes an ellipse, because 0 and h2 < ab).
Required area will be given by
3 3
A (y1 y 2 ) dx A (3 x) (x 1) dx 1 2 3
1 1 O x
y2
Put x = 3 cos2 + sin2 i.e., dx = – 2sin2 d –3
y1
–6
/ 2
y
A2 sin 2 2 d sq. units
0
2
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EXERCISES
LEVEL - I
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
Area bounded by line and standard curve like circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.
2
1. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve f x x bx b at the point (1, 1)
and the coordinate axes, lies in the first quadrant. If its area is 2, then the value of
b is:
(A) -1 (B) 3 (C) -3 (D) 1
2. The area of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end points of latus
x2 y2
return to the ellipse 1 is:
9 5
(A) 27/4 sq.units (B) 9 sq.units (C) 27/2 sq.units (D) 27 sq.units
2 2
x2 y2 x 5 y 3
3. Let A1 and A2 be the areas of closed curves 1 and 1 then
25 9 25 9
(A) A1 A 2 (B) A1 A 2 (C) A1 A 2 (D) A1 2A 2
x2 y2
4. Let P be a variable point on the ellipse 1 with foci F1 and F2. If A is the area
a 2 b2
of the triangle PF1F2, then the maximum value of A is
ea ab e
(A) (B) aeb (C) (D)
b e ab
5. The area of the region bounded by y2 = 9x, x = 2, x = 4 and the x-axis in the first
quadrant is
(A) 8 3 (B) 16 2 (C) 16 4 2 (D) 4 5
2
6. The area of the region bounded by x = y – 3, y = 4, y = 6 and the y-axis in the first
quadrant is
(A)
2 2 3 1 (B)
4 2 3 1 (C)
3 3 1 (D)
2 3 3 1
3 3 3 3
x2 y2
7. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse 1 is
16 9
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 10 (D) 20
8. The area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of whose vertices are A(2, 0), B(4, 5) and
C(6, 3) is
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10
9. The area bounded by y = x3 – 4x and x-axis is
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 12
3
10. The area (in square units) bounded by the curve y = x , the x-axis and the ordinate at
x = – 2 and x = 1 is
9 15 15 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 4 4
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11. The area bounded by parabola y2 = x, straight line y = 4 and y-axis is
16 64
(A) (B) (C) 7 2 (D) none of these
3 3
12. The area of the curve x2 + y2 = 2 ax is
1
(A) a 2 (B) 2 a 2 (C) 4 a 2 (D) a2
2
13. The area bounded by the curve y = 4x – x2 and the x-axis is
30 31 32 34
(A) sq. unit (B) sq.unit (C) sq.unit (D) sq.unit
7 7 3 3
14. The area bounded by y = 2 – x2 and x + y = 0 is
7 9
(A) sq. unit (B) sq. unit (C) 9 sq.unit (D) none of these
2 2
15. The area of the region bounded by y = |x – 1| and y = 1 is
1
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) (D) None of these
2
16. Area bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and the straight line x = 4y – 2 is
8 9 4
(A) sq. unit (B) sq. unit (C) sq. unit (D) None of these
9 8 3
17. The area bounded by the curve y 2 x x 2 and the straight line y = -x is given by
(A) 9/2 (B) 43/6 (C) 35/6 (D) 1/3
Area bounded by two standard curves.
18. Area included between the two curves y 2 4ax and x 2 4ay is
32 2 16 32 16 2
(A) a sq.units (B) sq.units (C) sq.units (D) a sq.units
3 3 3 3
19. The area common to the parabolas y = 2x2 and y = x2 + 4 is
2 3 32 3
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units (C) sq. units (D) sq. units
3 2 3 32
20. The area enclosed between the parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y is
14 3 3 16
(A) sq. units (B) sq. units (C) sq. units (D) sq. units
3 4 16 3
21. Area bounded by curves y = x2 and y = 2 – x2 is
(A) 8/3 (B) 3/8 (C) 3/2 (D) None of these
Area bounded by any general curves
22. The area bounded by the curve y = loge x the x-axis and the straight line x = e is
1 1
(A) e sq. units (B) 1 sq. units sq. units (D) 1 sq. units
(C) 1
e e
23. The area bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 1, x = b is equal to
b2 1 2 for all b > 1, then f(x) is
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x
(A) x 1 (B) x 1 (C) 2
x 1 (D)
1 x2
8
24. The area bounded by y 1 and the ordinates x = 2 and x = 4 is
x2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) log 2 (D) log 4
25. The ratio of the areas between the curves y = cos 2x and y = cos x and x-axis from
x = 0 to x is
3
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1
(C) 3 :1 (D) none of these
Area bounded by line and standard curve like circle, parabola, ellipse or hyperbola.
26. The area between the parabola y = x2 and the line y = x is
1 1 1
(A) sq. unit (B) sq. unit (C) sq. unit (D) None of these
6 3 2
27. The area bounded by the curves y x , 2 y 3 x and x–axis in the 1st quadrant is
(A) 9 (B) 27/4 (C) 36 (D) 18
2
28. The area bounded by the curves y = x and x = | y | .
(A) 1/3 (B) 2/3 (C) 1/6 (D) 3/4
29. The area of the region bounded by the curves, y = x2 + 2 ; y = x ; x = 0 and x = 3.
(A) 21/2 (B) 20/23 (C) 20/3 (D) 1/6
30. The area bounded on the right by the line x + y = 2, on the left by the parabola y = x2
and above by the x-axis.
(A) 1/6 (B) 2/3 (C) 5/6 (D) 4/5
2
31. The area bounded by the curves y = x + 1 and the tangents to it drawn from the
origin.
(A) 1/3 (B) 2/3 ( C) 1/5 (D) 4/3
32. The area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and the rays given by y = |x|.
(A) 1/6 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/4
33. The area bounded by the curve y sin 1 x and the lines x 0, y is
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
2
34. The area of the closed figure bounded by x 1, y 0, y x x 1 and the tangent to the
curve y x 2 x 1 at A(1,3) is
11 7 5 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 6 6 6
35. Let T be an acute triangle. Inscribe a pair R, S of rectangles in T as shown:
Let A (x) denote the area of polygon X.
A(R) A(S)
Then the maximum value of A(T) ,
S
were T range over all triangles and R, S
R
over all rectangle as above is
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3 1 1 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 3 3
36. The area bounded by the triangle whose sides are given by y 2x 1, y 3x 1 and x 4
is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 2
37. The area bounded by the lines x 2y 2, y x 1 and 2x y 7 is
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 16 (D) 8
2
38. The area bounded by the x-axis and the curve y 4x x 3 is
4 3 3
(A) (B) (C) 7 (D)
3 4 2
Area bounded by two standard curves.
39. The area of the plane region bounded by the curves x + 2y2 = 0 and x + 3y2 = 1 is equal
to
2 4
(A) (B) (C) 5/3 (D) 1/3
3 3
40. The area enclosed by the parabolas y = x2 – 1 and y = 1 – x2 is
(A) 1/3 (B) 2/3 (C) 4/3 (D) 8/3
41. The area of the region enclosed between the two circles x2 + y2 = 1 and (x - 1)2 +
y2 = 1.
2 3
(A) 3 (B) (C) 5 (D) None theses
3 3 2
Area bounded by any general curves
42. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = [x – 2], x = 1, x = 3 and the x-axis is,
where [.] denotes greatest integer function.
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1
43. The area of the region bounded by the lines x = 0, x and f(x) = sinx, g(x) = cosx, is
2
(A) 2
2 1 (B) 3 1 (C) 2
3 1 (D) 2 2 1
44. The area of the triangle formed by the axes and a tangent to xy a 2 at x1 , y1 on it is
a 2 x1 a2y2
(A) (B) (C) 2a2 (D) 4a2
y1 x1
45. Let f(x) be a non-negative continuous function such that the area bounded by the
curve y = f(x), x-axis and the ordinates
x , x is sin cos 2 . Then f is
4 4 4 2
(A) 1 2 (B) 1 2 (C) 2 1 (D) 2 1
4 4 4 4
46. Let y be the function which passes through (1, 2) having slope (2x + 1). The area
bounded between the curve and x-axis is
(A) 6 sq. unit (B) 5/6 sq. unit (C) 1/6 sq. unit (D) None of these
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47. The area bounded by the curves y = f(x), the x–axis and the ordinates x = 1 and x = b
is(b – 1)sin(3b + 4). Then f(x) is
(A) (x – 1) cos(3x + 4) (B) sin(3x + 4)
(C) sin(3x + 4) + 3(x – 1) cos (3x + 4) (D) none of these
48. The area bounded by the curves y = | x | – 1 and y = -| x | + 1 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 2 (D) 4
49. The area enclosed between the curves y = ax2 and x = ay2 (a > 0) is 1 sq. unit, then the
value of a is
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 1/3
3 2
50. The area bounded by the parabolas y = (x + 1)2 and y = (x – 1)2 and the line y = 1/4 is
(A) 4 sq. units (B) 1/6 sq. units (C) 4/3 sq. units (D) 1/3 sq. units
MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWER TYPE
1. The area enclosed between the curve y2 = x and x2 = y is equal to
1
(A) 2 (x x 2 )dx (B) 1/3
0
(C) area of the region {(x, y) : x2 = y and y = | x | }
(D) none of these
2. The parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the square region bounded the lines x = 4,
y = 4 and the coordinate axes. If S1, S2, S3 are respectively the areas of these parts
numbered from top to bottom; then
S3 1 S1 S1 1 S2
(A) S 2 (B) S 1 (C) (D) 1
2 2 S2 2 S3
3. If a curve y = a x + bx passes through the point (1, 2) and the area bounded by the
curve, line x = 4 and x-axis is 8 square units, then
(A) a = 3 (B) a = –3 (C) b = 1 (D) b = –1
4. C1 : x 2 y 2 2x 4y 1 0 , C2 : x 2 y 2 8x 0 be two circles then
175
(A) length of their common chord is
29
(B) length of their common tangents is 5
(C) the centre of C2 is an interior point of C1
(D) the area of C2 is more than C1
5. The area enclosed by the curves y x 1, y x 1 and 2x 2 2y 2 1 is
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 3
2 2 4 4
1
6. If the area enclosed by y2 = 4ax and line y = ax is sq. unit, then the roots of the
3
equation x2 + 2x = a are
(A) –4 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) 8
1 x2
7. If c1 y and c 2 y be two curve lying in XY plane. Then
1 x2 2
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1
(A) area bounded by curve y and y = 0 is
1 x2
(B) area bounded by c1 and c2is 1
2
(C) area bounded by c1 and c2 is 1
2
1
(D) area bouded by curve y 2 and x-axis is
1 x 2
8. Let L: x - y - 1 = 0 be a line and C : y2 = 2x + 1 be a parabola then
(A) area bounded by L and C lying in the upper half plane is 32/3.
(B) area bounded by L and C lying in the plane is 16/3.
(C) area bounded by L and C lying in the upper half plane is 9/2.
(D) area bounded by L and C lying in the lower half plane is 5/6.
9. Let f and g be continuous function on a x b and set p x max f x , g x and
q x = min f x , g x , the area bounded by the curves y = p(x), y = q(x) and the
ordinates x = a and x = b is given by
b b
(A) f x g x dx (B) p x q x dx
a a
b b
(C) p x q x dx (D) f x g x dx
a a
10. Area bounded by the curve y = ln x, y = 0 and x = 3 is
(A) (ln 9 – 2) (B) (ln 27 – 2)
27
(C) ln 2 (D) (greater than 3)
e
11. The area bounded by the curve x y 4 in first quadrant is (where [.] denotes the
greatest integer function)
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
12. The area enclosed by the curve 4 x 2 y 2 2 x y is
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10
13. The value (s) of a for which the area of the triangle included beteween the axes and
any tangent to the curve x a y a is constant, is/are
(A) - 1/2 (B) -1 (C) 1/2 (D) 1
14. The area bounded by the curves y 2 4a 2 x 3 and lines x = 3, y = 4a is
8 16 32 16
(A) if a 1 (B) if a 1 (C) if a 2 (D) if a 2
3 3 3 3
x2 y2
15. AOB is positive quadrant of the ellipse 2 2 1 where OA = a, OB = b. Then area
a b
between the AB and chord AB of the ellipse is
(A) if a 1,b 1 (B) 2 if a 2, b 1
2
2
(C) if a 1, b 1 (D) 2 if a 1, b 2
2
Page # 129
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
16. The area of the curve enclosed by the curve x y x y 4, x 1, y x 2 2x 1
is
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 6
17. Area bounded by the curve xy 2 a 2 a x and y-axis is
a 2
(A) (B) a 2 (C) 4 if a 2 (D) 2 if a 2
2
The area of the region bounded by a y x a x
2 2 2 2 2
18.
8 2 4 16
(A) if a 2 (B) if a 1 (C) if a 1 (D) if a 2
3 3 3 3
19. If f(x) dx n , d o,n is odd integer, then area bounded by the curve, x-axis and the
lines x = a and x = b is given by
b
n d d
n
(A) d(b a ) n
(B) d x dx (bn a n )
(C) (D) (bn1 a n1 )
a n 1 n 1
20. The area bounded by the curves y 2 4a(x a) and y 2 4b(b x) is equal to
8ab 2 8 4
(A) a b ab (B)
3
a b2 (C)
3
ab a b (D)
3
ab a b
3
21. The line y mx bisects the area enclosed by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x and the
2
curve y x 2 4x 1 . Then the value m is equal to
13
(A) (B) > 2 (C) < 1 (D) 2
6
22. Maximum area of rectangle whose two vertices lie on the x-axis and two on the
curve y 3 x x 3 is
9 9
(A) 9 (B) (C) (D) < 5
2 4
23. Area bounded by the line y = x, curve y f (x), f (x) xx 1 and the lines
x 1, x t is t 1 t 2 1 2 for all t > 1. Then f(x) =
x x
(A) 1 x (B) > 1 + x (C) (D) 1 + x
1 x2 1 x2
x3 x
24. The ratio of the area in which the curve y divided the circle
100 35
x 2 y 2 4x 2y 1 0 , were [.] denotes the greatest integer function is
(A) 4 3 3 : 8 3 3 (B) 4 3 3 : 8 3 3
(C) 4 3 9 : 8 3 9 (D) None of these
2 2
25. Area bounded by the curve ay 3(a x ) and the x-axis is
(A) 8 if a = 2 (B) 4 if a = 1/2 (C)16 if a = 2 (D) 4 if a = 1
x2 8ab
26. Area bounded by curves y and y 2 is
4a x 4a 2
1 1
(A) 6 4 if a 1 (B) 4 3 if a 1
3 3
4 1
(C) 6 4 if a 2 (D) 2 3 if a 1
3 3
Page # 130
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
27. Area of the region bounded by the curve y 25x 1.6 and curve y b.5 x 4 whose
tangent at the point x = 1, makes an angle tan-1 (40 log5) with the x-axis is
e4 e4 e4
(A) 2log 5 27 (B) 4 log 5 27 (C) 3 log 5 27 (D) None of these
28. Area of the region bounded by y 2 4ax and x 2 4by is
(A) 16 if a = 1, b = 3 (B) 8 if a = 1, b = 2
(C) 8 if a = 1/4, b = 6 (D) 8 if a = ½, b = 3
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
Comprehensions-1 :
A continuous function f(x) satisfying x4 – 4x2 f(x) 2x2 – x3 for al x [0, 2]. Such
that the area bounded by y = f(x), y = x4 – 4x2 , the y–axis and the line x = t (0 t 2)
is k times the area bounded by y = f(x), y = 2x2 – x3, y–axis and the line x = t (0 t
2). Answer the following questions.
1. If k = 2, then f(x) attains point of inflection at
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) none of these
2. If k = 0, then f(x) attains local maximum at
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) none of these
1
3. The value of f(x)dx , is
1
2 2
(A) 15(k 1) (23 – 10k) (B) 15(k 1) (23 + 10k)
2 2
(C) 15(k 1) (10k – 17) (D) 15(k 1) (10k + 17)
Comprehensions-2 :
x f(x)
Let f(x) be a differential function satisfying the condition f , y 0, f(y) 0
y f(y)
for all x, y R and f (1) = 2. Answer the following questions.
4. The area enclosed by the curves y = f(x), x2 + y2 = 2 and x–axis, is
1 1
(A) / 4 (B) 1/6 (C) (D)
4 6 2 3
5. The area enclosed by the curves y = f(x) and y2 = –x, is
(A) 1 (B) –4/3 (C) 3/4 (D) none of these
6. The area enclosd by the curves y = f(x), y = 2x and y–axis in first quadrant, is
69 4 ln16 1 12 ln256
(A) (B) ln8 (C) (D) ln8
6 6
Page # 131
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
Comperision-3
4a 2 4a 1 2
f(1) 3a 3a
2 f(1) 3b2 3b
If 4b 4b 1 , f(x) is a quadratic function and its maximum value
4c2 4c 1 f(2) 3c 3c
2
occurs at a point V. A is a point of intersection of y = f(x) with x–axis and point B is
xuch that chord AB subtends a right angle at V, the area enclosed by y = f(x) and
chord AB is M.
7. Area enclosed by the curves y = f(x), y = sin x and the lines x = 1 and x = 2, is
5 2 5 2 2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
12 12 12
8. Area of the triangle formed by the points A, B and V will be
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40
9. Area enclosed by y = f(x) and chord AB, is
125 125 125
(A) (B) (C) (D) 125
4 3 2
MATRIX-MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Column I Column II
(A) The area between the curves y = 2x4 – x2, the x-axis
and the ordinates of two minimum of the curve is (p) 2 sin 1
(B) The area bounded by the curve x = at2,
7
y = 2at, and the x-axis (1 t 3) is (q)
120
(C) The area of a circle centred at (1, 2) and
104a 2
passing through (4, 6) is (r)
3
(D) The area of the bounded by y = cos x, y = 0,
| x | = 1 is given by (s) 25
2. Column I Column II
(A) The area between the parabolas y2 = 4ax (p) 27
and x2 = 8ay is
(B) Area bounded by the curve y = (x – 1) (q) 2
(x – 2) (x – 3) and x-axis lying between the
ordinates x = 0 and x = 3 is equal to
32 2
(C) The area cut off the parabola 4y = 3x2 by (r) a
3
the straight line 2y = 3x + 12 in sq. units is
11
(D) The area of the region satisfying x y is (s)
4
Page # 132
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
3. Column I Column II
2 2
(A) the parabolas y 4 x and x = 4y divide the (p) S1,S2,S3, are in AP
square region bounded the lines x = 4y = 4
and the coordinate axes. If S1, S2, S3, are respectively
the areas of these parts numbered from top to bottom,
then
(B) The aras S1,S2 ,S3 bounded by the x-axis and half (q) S1,S2,S3, are in GP
waves of the curves y = e-ax sin x, x 0 from left to right,
then
(C) 2 2
Let f x max x , 1 x ,2x 1 x , where 0 x 1 (r) S13 S33 2S32
the areas of the region bounded by the curve y f x
1 1 2 2
between x 0, , , ,1 and x-axis represented
3 3 3 3
by S1,S2 ,S3 then
(D) S1 represents area bounded by x y 1 , S2 area (s) S1 = S3
bounded by x y 2 and y-axis and S3 by
1 x y 2 then
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Area enclosed by the curve x 2 y 1 1 is equal to
2. Area bounded by the curves y x 2 and y 1 x 1 is equal to
3. Area enclosed by the quadrilateral formed by the lines y 2x 3, y = 0, x = 2 and x =
4 is
4. Ar ea bet ween t h e x-axis an d t h e cu r ve y = sin x fr om x = 0 t o x =2 is
5. Area of the region bounded by the curves y = |x–1| and y = 3–|x| is
6. The area bounded by the curves y = x , 2y + 3 = x and x - axis in the 1st quadrant is
7. The area bounded by the curves y = |x|–1 and y = –|x| + 1 is
1
8. The area enclosed between the curves y log e x e , x log e and the x-axis is
y
9. The area enclosed by the parabola (y–2)2 = x-1, the tangent to the parabola at (2,3)
and x-axis is
10. The area bounded by loop of y sin x for 0 < x < , is
Page # 133
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
Questions asked in previous AIEEE / JEE MAINS
1. The area bounded by the curve y = 2x – x2 and the straight line y = – x is given by
[AIEEE 2002]
9 43 35
(A) sq unit (B) sq unit (C) sq unit (D) None of these
2 6 6
2. I f y = f (x ) (f (x ) 0 )makes positive intercept of 2 and 0 unit on x and y axes
2
3
respectively and encloses an area of
4
square unit with the axes then xf (x)dx
0
is [AIEEE 2002]
3 5 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) –
2 4 4
3. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = | x – 1| and y = 3 – | x | is
[AIEEE 2003]
(A) 2 sq unit (B) 3 sq unit (C) 4 sq unit (D) 6 sq unit
4. The area of the region bounded by the curves y = | x – 2 |, x = 1, x = 3 and the x-axis
is [AIEEE 2004]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
5. The area enclosed between the curve y = loge (x + e) and the coordinate axes is
[AIEEE 2005]
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
6. The parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the square region bounded by the lines x = 4,
y = 4 and the coordinate axes. If S1, S2, S3 are respectively the areas of these parts
numbered from top to bottom, then S1 : S2 : S3 is- [AIEEE 2005]
(A) 1 : 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 2 : 3 (D) 1 : 2 : 1
7. Let f(x) be a nonnegative continuous function such that the area bounded by the
curve y = f(x), x – axis and the ordinates x = and x = > is sin cos 2 .
4 4 4
Then f is [AIEEE 2005]
2
(A) 2 – 1 (B) – 2 1 (C) 1 – – 2 (D) 1 – 2
4 4 4 4
8. The area enclosed between the curves y2 = x and y = | x | is [AIEEE 2007]
2 1 1
(A) sq unit (B) 1 sq unit (C) sq unit (D) sq unit
3 6 3
9. The area of the plane region bounded by the curves x + 2y2 = 0 and x + 3y2 = 1 is equal
to [AIEEE 2008]
5 1 2 4
(A) sq unit (B) sq unit (C) sq unit (D) sq unit
3 3 3 3
10. The area of the region bounded by the parabola (y – 2)2 = x – 1, the tangent to the
parabola at the point (2, 3) and the x-axis is [AIEEE 2009]
(A) 6 sq unit (B) 9 sq unit (C) 12 sq unit (D) 3 sq unit
Page # 134
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
11. The area bounded by the curves y = cos x and y = sinx between the ordinates x = 0
3
and x = is [AIEEE 2010]
2
(A) 4 2 2 (B) 4 2 – 1 (C) 4 2 1 (D) 4 2 – 2
1
12. The area of the region enclosed by the curves y = x, x = e, y = and the positive x-
x
axis is [AIEEE 2011]
(A) 1 square units (B) 3/2square units(C) 5/2square units(D) 1/2square units
y
13. The area bounded between the parabolas x 2 and x2 = 9y, and the straight line
4
y = 2 is [AIEEE 2012]
10 2 10 2
(A) 20 2 (B) (C) (D) 10 2
3 3
14. The area (in square units) bounded by the curves y x,2y x 3 0 , x-axis, and
lying in the first quadrant is: [JEE MAINS - 2013]
27
(A) 18 (B) (C) 9 (D) 36
4
15. The area of the region described by A = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 1 - x} [JEE MAINS - 2014]
4 4 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
16. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by x, y ; y 2
2x and y 4x 1 is :
[JEE MAINS - 2015]
7 5 15 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
32 64 64 32
17. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : y2 2x and x2 + y2 4x, x 0, y 0} is
8 4 2 2 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) [JEE MAINS - 2015]
3 3 2 3 3
Questions asked in previous IIT JEE / JEE ADVANCED
Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
1. The triangle formed by the tangent to the curve f(x) = x2 + bx – b at the point (1, 1) and
the coordinate axes, lies in the first quadrant . If its area is 2, then the value of b is
[IIT-JEE 2001]
(A) – 1 (B) 3 (C) – 3 (D) 1
2. Let b 0 and for j = 0, 1, 2,......, n, let S j be the area of the region bounded by the
j ( j 1)
yaxis and the curve xe ay = sin by, y . Show that S0, S1, S2,....., Sn are
b b
Page # 135
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
in geometric progression. Also, find their sum for a = 1 and b =
[IIT-JEE 2001]
3. The area bounded by the curves y = | x | – 1 and y = – | x | + 1 is
[IIT-JEE 2002]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 2 (D) 4
4. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves, y = x 2, y = 2 x2 & y = 2
which lies to the right of the line x = 1. [IIT-JEE 2002]
5. The area bounded by the curves y = x , 2y + 3 = x and x-axis in the first quadrant is
[IIT-JEE 2003]
27
(A) 9 (B) (C) 36 (D) 18.
4
6. If area enclosed between the curves y = ax2 and x = ay2 in the 1st quadrant is 1. Then
the possible value of a is [IIT-JEE 2004]
1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) 3 (D)
3 2
1
7. The area bounded by the parabolas y = (x + 1)2 and y = (x – 1)2 and the line y = is
4
[IIT-JEE 2005]
1 4 1
(A) 4 sq. units sq. units (B) (C) sq. units (D) sq. units
6 3 3
8. Find the area bounded by the curve x 2 = y, x2 = –y and y 2 = 4x – 3.
[IIT-JEE 2005]
4a 2 4a 1 3a 2 3a
f(1) 2
2 f(1)
9. If 4b 4b 1
=
3b 3b , f(x) is a quadratic function and its maximum
2 2
4c 4c 1 f(2) 3c 3c
value occurs at a point V. A is a point of intersection of y = f(x) with x-axis and
point B is such that chord AB subtends a right angle at V. Find the area enclosed
by f(x) and chord AB. [IIT-JEE 2005]
10. Match the following [IIT-JEE 2006]
/2
(i) (sin x)cos x (cos x cot x log(sin x)sin x ) dx (A) 0
0
(ii) Area bounded by – 4y2 = x and x – 1 = –5y2 (B) 1
(iii)Cosine of the angle of intersection of curves
y = 3x–1 log x and y = xx – 1 is (C) 4/3
(iv) A continuous function f : [1, 6] [0, ) is such (D) 2 ln6
2
that f(x) = x f(x) and f(1) = 0. Then maximum
value of f cannot exceed.
Page # 136
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
Comprehension
Consider the functions defined implicitly by the equation y3 – 3y + x = 0 on various
intervals in the real line.
If x (–, –2) (2, ), the equation implicitly defines a unique real valued differen-
tiable function y = f(x).
If x (–2, 2), the equation implicitly defines a unique real valued differentiable func-
tion y = g(x) satisfying g(0) = 0
11. If f (10 2) = 2 2 , then f (10 2) = [IIT-JEE 2008]
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
(A) 3 2 (B) – 3 2 (C) 3 (D) –
7 3 7 3 7 3 73 3
12. The area of the region bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis, and the lines x = a
and x = b, where– < a < b < –2, is [IIT-JEE 2008]
b b
x x
(A) 3 (f(x)) 1 dx + bf(b) – af(a) (B) – 3 (f(x))2 1 dx + bf(b) – af(a)
a 2
a
b b
x x
(C) 3 (f(x)) 1 dx – bf(b) + af(a) (D) – 3 (f(x))2 1 dx – bf(b) + af(a)
a 2
a
1
13. g (x) dx = [IIT-JEE 2008]
1
(A) 2g (–1) (B) 0 (C) –2g (1) (D) 2g(1)
1 sin x 1 sin x
14. The area of the region between the curves y = and y = bounded by
cos x cos x
the lines x = 0 and x = is [IIT-JEE 2008]
4
2 1 2 1
t 4t
(A) 2
(1 t ) 1 t 2 dt (B) (1 t ) 1 t2
2 dt
0 0
2 1 2 1
4t t
(C) 2
(1 t ) 1 t 2 dt (D) (1 t ) 1 t 2
2 dt
0 0
15. Area of the region bounded by the curve y = ex and lines x = 0 and y = e is
[IIT-JEE 2009]
e 1 e
(A) e – 1 (B) n (e 1 y) dy (C) e – ex dx (D) n y dy
1 0 1
Comprehension
Consider the polynomial
f(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3
Let s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f(x) and let t = |s|
Page # 137
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
16. The real number s lies in the interval. [IIT-JEE 2010]
1 3 3 1 1
(A) – , 0 (B) –11, (C) – , – (D) 0,
4 4 4 2 4
17. The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in
the interval [IIT-JEE 2010]
3 21 11 21
(A) , 3 (B) , (C) (9, 10) (D) 0,
4 64 16 64
18. The function f(x) is [IIT-JEE 2010]
1 1
(A) increasing in –t, and decreasing in – , t
4 4
1 1
(B) decreasing in –t, – and increasing in – , t
4 4
(C) increasing in (–t, t)
(D) decreasing in (–t, t)
19. The area enclosed by the curves y = sinx + cosx and y = |cos x – sinx| over the
interval 0, is [JEE Advanced - 2013]
2
(A) 4 2 1
(B) 2 2 2 1
(C) 2 2 1
(D) 2 2 2 1
20. For a point P in the plane, let d1 (P) and d2(P) be the distances of the point P from
the lines x - y = 0 and x + y = 0 respectively. The area of the region R consisting of
all points P lying in the first quadrant of the plane and satisfying
2 d1(P) d2 (P) 4, is _______ . [JEE Advanced - 2014]
x2
6
1
21. Let F x 2cos 2 tdt for all x R and f : 0, [0, ) be a continuous
x
2
1
function. For a 0, , if F’(a) + 2 is the area of the region bounded by x = 0, y =
2
0,y = f(x) and x = a, then f(0) is [JEE Advanced - 2015]
22. Area of the region x, y R 2
:y x 3 , 5y x 9 15 is equal to
[JEE Advanced - 2016]
1 4 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 2 3
Page # 138
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
ANSWER KEY
DRILL - 1.
1. (i) 2 (iii) 1 (iii) 4 (iv) 1
3 1 32 32
2. (i) 4 (ii) e (iii) (iv) (v) 1 (vi)
2 2 3 3
32
(vii)
3
4 2 9 9
3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 8
3 3 2 2
4.
125 20
(i) (ii) 9 (iii) 4 (iv)
6 3
500 208 2 a2 9
5. 6. a 7. 9. 4 11. 1 12.
3 3 6 2
DRILL - 2
33 1 2 17 3 5 4 2
1. 2. e 2 3. 3 4. 5. ln 2
2 e ln 3 6 2 2 ln 2
8 5 2
6. 7. 8. 15 : 49
3 4
3 4 2 2
9. 4 3 : 8 3 10. 11. 12. 13. 4
ln 2 3 3 e
109 11 5
14. 15. 16. 32 17. 2 18. 2 3
6 8 12
19. 17 /27 21. 4 2 2
LEVEL - I
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A)
7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (A)
13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (D)
19. (C) 20. (D) 21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (D) 24. (B)
25. (B)
LEVEL - II
26. (A) 27. (A) 28. (A) 29. (A) 30. (C) 31. (B)
32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (D) 36. (B) 37. (C)
38. (A) 39. (B) 40. (D) 41. (B) 42. (D) 43. (D)
44. (C) 45. (B) 46. (C) 47. (C) 48. (B) 49. (D)
50. (D)
Page # 139
AREA UNDER CURVE MATHEMATICS -
MULTIPLE CORRECT
1. (A,B,C) 2. (B,D) 3. (A,D) 4. (A,B,D) 5. (B) 6. (A, B)
7. (A,B) 8. (B,C,D) 9. (C,D) 10. (B,C) 11. (B) 12. (C)
13. (B,D) 14. (B,C) 15. (B,C, D) 16. (C) 17. (B,C) 18. (C,D)
19. (B,D) 20. (C) 21. (A,B) 22. (B,D) 23. (A,B) 24. (A,C)
25. (C,D) 26. (A,C) 27. (B) 28. (A,C,D)
COMPREHENSIONS
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (D)
7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (B)
MATRIX–MATCH TYPE
1. A-q, B-r, C-s, D-p 2. A-r, B-s, C-p, D-q
3. A-p,q,s; B-q,r; C-s; D-p,r
INTEGER TYPE
1. 2 2. 4 3. 18 4. 4 5. 4 6. 9
7. 2 8. 2 9. 5 10. 4
PART - III: AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. D
8. C 9. D 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C
15. A 16. D 17. A
IIT JEE / JEE ADVANCED PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
20 20 – 12 2
1. C 2. 4 2 3. B 4. 5. A
3 3
1 125
6. A 7. D 8. 9.
3 3
10. (i) (B), (ii) (C) , (iii) (B), (iv) (D)
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. BCD 16. C
17. A 18. B 19. B 20. 6 21. 3 22. C
Page # 140
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