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Module 4 Data Management (Part 3)

This document discusses the normal distribution. It begins by stating the learning outcomes which are to convert raw scores to z-scores, convert a normal distribution to a standard normal distribution, and analyze and interpret the standard normal distribution. It then provides information on what a normal distribution is and some of its key properties. It describes how data can be normally distributed and lists some common examples. It also defines what a z-score is and provides a formula and example for calculating a z-score. Finally, it demonstrates how to find areas under the normal curve and provides some examples of probability problems involving the normal distribution.

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Kayla Sophia Patio
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Module 4 Data Management (Part 3)

This document discusses the normal distribution. It begins by stating the learning outcomes which are to convert raw scores to z-scores, convert a normal distribution to a standard normal distribution, and analyze and interpret the standard normal distribution. It then provides information on what a normal distribution is and some of its key properties. It describes how data can be normally distributed and lists some common examples. It also defines what a z-score is and provides a formula and example for calculating a z-score. Finally, it demonstrates how to find areas under the normal curve and provides some examples of probability problems involving the normal distribution.

Uploaded by

Kayla Sophia Patio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normal Distribution

• Learning Outcomes:
1. Convert raw scores to z – scores.
2. Convert a normal distribution to a standard normal distribution.
3. Analyze and interpret the standard normal distribution.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Data Management
(Part 3)
Normal Distribution • Data can be "distributed" (spread out) in
(Gaussian different ways.
Distribution)

Negative Skew Positive Skew Data are all jumbled up


Normal Distribution
• But there are many cases where the data
tends to be around a central value with no
bias left or right, and it gets close to a
"Normal Distribution" like this: Many things closely follow a
Normal Distribution:
- heights of people
- size of things produced by
machines
- errors in measurements
- blood pressure
- marks on a test
Normal Distribution
 Normal Distribution
- It is a continuous, symmetric,
bell-shaped distribution of a
variable.
- Its graph is called a NORMAL
CURVE
Properties of a Normal Curve

1. The curve is bell-shaped.


2. The three measures of central
tendencies are equal and are located
at the center of the distribution.
3. The curve is unimodal.
4. The curve is symmetric about the
mean.
5. The curve is continuous.
6. The curve is asymptotic.
7. The curve has a total area of 100%
or 1 under it.
Properties of a Normal
Curve

8. The area that lies within 1


standard deviation above and below
the mean is approximately 68%; 2
standard deviations above and
below the mean is approximately
95%, and 3 standard deviations
above and below the mean is
approximately 99.7%.
Standard Normal Distribution

• A z score value is needed


to convert a normal
distribution into a
standard normal
distribution.
z – score
 z – score
- It is used to know the position of one observation relative to others in a
set of data.
- It measures the distance between an observation and the mean,
measured in units of standard deviation.

• Formula:
z – score
• Example: The scores of students in a Statistics test are found to be normally
distributed with a mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 5. Give the z-scores
of the following scores:
30 45 40
• Solution:

b
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve
(See the Appendix for the z - table)

1. Find the area between z = 0 and z = 1.80


The area from z = 0 to z = 1.80 is 0.4641.

2. Determine the area z = 0 and z = -1.20


The area from z = 0 to z = -1.20 is 0.3849.
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve
(See the Appendix for the z - table)
3. Find the area between z = -1.50 and z = 2.50 
The area from z = 0 to z = -1.50 is 0.4332.
The area from z = 0 to z = 2.50 is 0.4938. 
The area between z = -1.50 and z = 2.50 is the sum of 0.4332 and 0.4938 and
that is, 0.9270.

4. Find the area between z = 1.50 and z = 2.50


The area from z = 0 to z = 1.50 is 0.4332
The area from z = 0 to z = 2.50 is 0.4938
The area between z = 1.50 and z = 2.50 is the difference between 0.4938 and
0.4332 and that is, 0.0606.
Application of Normal Distribution
• Example 1: The average Pag-ibig salary loan for RFS Pharmacy Inc.
employees is P23, 000. If the debt is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of P2, 500, find the probability that the employees owes less than
P18, 500.
• Solution:
1. Find the z-value of P18, 500
Continuation…
3. Using the z-table, the area of z = -1.80 is 0.4641.

4. The probability that the employees owes less than P18,500 (z = -1.8) is obtain by
subtracting 0.4641 from 0.50, and that is, 0.0359 or 3.59%.
Application of Normal Distribution
• Example 2: The average age of bank managers is 40 years. Assume that their
ages are normally distributed. If the standard deviation is 5 years, find the
probability that the age of a randomly selected bank manager will be in the
range between 35 and 46 years old.
• Solution:
1. Find the z-value of 35 and 46

• Using the z-table,


The area from z = 0 to z = -1 is 0.3413
The area from z = 0 to z = 1.20 is 0.3849
Continuation…
Hence,
The probability that age of a randomly selected bank manager will be in
the range between 35 and 46 years old is obtained by adding the areas of
z = -1 and z = 1.20 and that is, 0.7262.
Application of Normal Distribution
Example 3: Fifty job applicants took an IQ test and their scores are normally
distributed with a mean of 100. How many applicants obtained a score
between 74 and 126 if the standard deviation of their scores is 20?
• Solution:
1. Find the z-score values of 74 and 126.
Continuation…
2. Find the areas:

The area from z = 0 to .


The area from z = -1.3 to z = 1.3 is 0.4032 (2) = 0.8064 

Hence, the number of applicants who obtained a score between 74 and 126 is
0.8064 (50) = 40.32 40 applicants.
References:

• Sirug, W.S. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world: a CHED general education curriculum compliant.
Mindshapers Co., Inc.
• Nocon, R. C., & Nocon, E.G. (2018). Essential mathematics for the modern world. C&E Publishing, Inc.
• https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-normal-distribution.html
Thank you for listening

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