GEE 9 - Chapter 5 - Solid Geometry

University of Antique CHAPTER 5: GEOMETRIC SOLIDS
College of Arts and Sciences
GEE 9 SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY WITH SOLID MENSURATION
Chapter 5: Solid for which V = Bh

Introduction:
This chapter provides an introduction to the study of solids. The terms used in
Solid Mensuration are given meaning and the different solids or polyhedrons are also
defined.
The main focus of the discussion is on finding the lateral areas, total areas and
volumes of solids for which the volume is the product of the area of the base and the
altitude. These solids include prisms, parallelepipeds, cubes and cylinders.
Finding for the surface areas and volumes of regular polyhedrons, as well as the
discussions on similar polyhedrons are also treated in the latter part of the chapter.
Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

1. define the geometric solid, polyhedron and other related concepts;
2. identify the different types of polyhedron and their parts;
3. state the properties of the different types of polyhedron; and
4. solve problems involving polyhedrons.
SUMMARY OF THE FORMULA (Solid Geometry)
LATERAL TOTAL AREA VOLUME

AREA
a. prism LA = eP
TA = LA + B1 + B2 V = Bh
b. parallelepiped TA = 2(lw + lh + wh) V=lxwxh
c. cube V = e3
LA = 4e2 TA = 6e2
d. cylinder LA = 2 rh V = r2 h
TA = 2 rh + 2 r2
e. pyramid LA = ( )P TA = ( ) P + B V=
f. cone LA = r TA = r + r2 V=
71
rectangular
parallelepiped
y
PRISM A B
h
e
C D
y’
e
e Cylinder
cube
P
Z
h
l
D O
C
r
A
B cone
pyramid
Topic 1: General Definitions
Geometric Solids
A geometric solid is a three-dimensional figure bounded by surfaces. The surfaces may
be plane or curved surfaces. The three dimensions of the solid are length, width and
height.
Section of the Solid
When a plane is passed through a solid, the plane figure bounded by the lines of
intersection of the plane and the surfaces of the solid is called the section of the solid.
C
B Q
D
A
P F E
Figure 2.1
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In Figure 2.1, PQ is the plane and ABCDEF is a section of a solid.

Total Area of the Solid
The total area of the solid is the sum of the areas of the surfaces of the solid.
Volume of the Solid

The volume of the solid is the number of cubic units of a given solid.
w
l
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2 above shows a rectangular solid having a length l unit, a width of w units
and an altitude of h units. The rectangular solid can be divided into smaller solids such
that the length, width and altitude of each individual solid is 1 unit. The number of
these smaller units contained in the rectangular solid is the volume of the rectangular
solid. Carrying this out further, the volume of any solid is equal to the number of
smaller solids, having a volume of 1 cubic unit, that are contained in any solid.
Topic 2: Polyhedron
A polyhedron is a solid bounded by plane surfaces. The intersections of the plane

surfaces are called the edges. The polygons formed by edges are called the faces of the
polyhedron.
B C
A D
F
G
E H
Figure 2.3
EDGES FACES VERTICES
AB ,CD, EF, BF etc. ABCD, BCGF, ADHE, etc. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
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AB ,CD, EF, BF , etc. are the edges of the polyhedron. ABCD, BCGF, ADEH, etc. are the
faces of the polyhedron. A, B, C, D, etc. are the vertices.
Diagonal of a Polyhedron
A diagonal of a polyhedron is a line segment connecting two vertices, which do not lie
B C
of the same face.
A
D
F
G
E
H
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.4 shows a polyhedron ABCDEFGH. The line segment AG, which connects
vertices A and G, is a diagonal of the polyhedron. Note that A and G both do not lie on
the same face.
Diagonal of the Face
A diagonal of a face is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent vertices on the same
face.
B C
A
D
F
G
E
H
Figure 2.5
AH is an example of a diagonal of the face (see Figure 2.5). Note that vertex A and
vertex H are nonadjacent vertices but they lie on the same face, ADHE, of the
polyhedron. The other diagonal of the face are DG ,CH, BG and so on.
Polyhedron are classified according to the number of faces:

Faces Classification
4 Tetrahedron
5 Pentahedron
6 Hexahedron
7 Heptahedron
8 Octahedron
9 Nonahedron
10 Decahedron
11 Hendecahedron
12 Dodecahedron
20 Icosahedron
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Prism
A prism is a polyhedron, which has two congruent and parallel faces called bases, and
whose other faces (called lateral faces) are parallelograms formed by joining
corresponding vertices of the bases. The altitude of the prism is the perpendicular
distance between the bases.
Right Section
A right section is a section of the prism, which is perpendicular to the lateral edges.
B
J C
A
F
D
H
K I
G
Figure 2.6
In Figure 2.6, ABC and GHI are the bases. ACIG, ABHG, and BCIH are the lateral faces.
JK is the altitude of the prism and DEF is a section of the prism.
Figure 2.7
A right prism is a prism whose lateral edges are perpendicular to the bases. In a right
prism, the lateral edge is equal to its altitude and the right section is the same as the
bases. If the lateral edges are not perpendicular to the bases, the prism is called
oblique prism. Figure 2.7 is an example of a right prism.
75
A regular prism is a prism whose bases are regular polygons.
a b
Figure 2.8
Each solid in Figure 2.8 is a regular prism. The base of the solid that is shown in Figure
2.8a is a square while that of the solid shown in Figure 2.8b is a regular hexagon. We
know that both the square and the regular hexagon are regular polygons, that is, the
lengths of their respective sides are equal.
Properties of Prisms
1. The lateral edges are equal and parallel.
2. The lateral area is the product of the length of the lateral edges and the
perimeter of the right section.
3. The total area is the sum of the lateral area and the area of the bases.
4. The volume is the product of the area of the base and its altitude.
Formulas: PRISM
Lateral Area = Lateral edge x perimeter of the right section

LA = eP
Total Area = Lateral Area + Areas of the bases

TA = LA + B1 + B2
Volume = Area of Base x Altitude

V = Bh
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Examples:
1. Find the volume and total area of a rectangular prism 20 inches high, whose
base is a 13-inch square.
Find: a. Volume, V
20 in b. Total Area, TA
13 in 13 in
Solution:
The volume of a prism is a product of the area of its base and its altitude. The
area of the base, B, is (13 in) x (13 in), which is 169 in2. Thus the volume is:
V = Bh
= (169 in2) x (20 in)
V = 3 380 in3
The total area of the rectangular prism is the sum of the lateral area and the
areas of the bases.
The lateral area (LA) is equal to the lateral edge x perimeter of the base. The
lateral edge is 20 inches. The perimeter of the base is 13 inches x 4 = 52 in.
LA = 20 in x 52 in
LA = 1040 sq. in.
For the total area,
TA = LA + B1 + B2
= 1040 + 169 + 169
= 1378 sq. in.
2. Find the volume of the prism whose base is an equilateral triangle with 5 inches
sides and whose altitude is 17 inches.
Find:
Volume, V
17 in
5 in
5 in
5 in
77
Solution:
Solve first for the area of the base, B, by using the heron’s Formula
B= where, s =
= 7.5 in.
s – a = 7.5 in – 5 in = 2.5 in
s – b = 7.5 in – 5 in = 2.5 in
s – c = 7.5 in – 5 in = 2.5 in
Thus, B =
= √117.1875
= 10.83 sq. in.
Hence, the volume of the prism is:
V = Bh
= (10.83 sq. in.)(17 in)
V = 184.11 cu. inches
78
Parallelepiped
A parallelepiped is a prism having six faces (a hexahedron), all of which are
parallelograms. If all the faces are rectangles, it is called a rectangular parallelepiped.
a. parallelepiped b. rectangular
parallelepiped
Figure 2.9
Properties:
1. The opposite faces of the parallelepiped are parallel and congruent.
2. The total area of the parallelepiped is the sum of the areas of its faces.
3. The volume is equal to the product of the area of its base and altitude.
Formulas for Rectangular Parallelepiped
1. Length of Diagonal, D
D= (length) + (width) + (height)
2. Total Area
Total Area = sum of the areas of the faces
TA = 2(lw + lh + wh)
3. Volume
Volume = product of the three dimensions
V=lxwxh
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Examples:
1. A container having a rectangular cross-section of 8 feet by 5 feet has an altitude of 6

feet. Find the storage space of the container. Also find the total external area of the
container.
Given:
Solution:
The storage space of the container is a rectangular parallelepiped. The volume is found
by the formula:
V=lxwxh where l = 8, w = 5, h = 6
= 8 ft x 5 ft x 6 ft
V = 240 ft3
For the total external surface area/ total area,

TA = 2(lw x lh x wh)
= 2[(8 ft x 5 ft) + (8 ft x 6 ft) + (5 ft x 6 ft)]
= 2(40 ft2 + 48 ft2 +30 ft2)
= 2(118 ft2)
TA = 236 ft2
2. Find the capacity in gallons of a rectangular tank whose base is 4 feet by 4 feet and
a height of 6 feet. (1 gallon = 231 cu. Inches)
Given:
Find:
Capacity in gallons
Solution:
First, convert all dimensions to inches.
= 48 in.
= 72 in.
The area of the base, B, then is 48 in x 48 in = 2 304 in2
Then, V =Bh where B = 2 304 in2 and h = 72 in

= (2304 in2) (72 in)
V = 165,888 in3
Converting to gallons,
V = 165 888 in3 x

V = 718.13 gal. therefore, the volume is 718.13 gallons.
80
Cubes
A cube is a parallelepiped which six faces are squares.
e
e
Figure 2.10
The sides of the cube are called the edges (e).

Properties:
1. The three dimensions of a cube are equal; hence, all the edges are equal.
2. The faces of the cube are all congruent squares.
Formulas: CUBE
1. Length of diagonal
Length of diagonal = e√3
2. Total Area
TA = 6e2
3. Volume
V = e3
Examples:
1. Find the volume and the total area in ft3 and in2, respectively, of a cube of edge
2 feet 3 inches.
Given:
The edge measures 2 ft 3 in

2 ft 3 in
2 ft 3 in
2 ft 3 in
81
Find: 2.25 ft
3 2
Volume in ft and in
Solution: 2.25 ft
Convert 2 ft 3 inches to feet 2.25 ft
[ ]
4
Convert 2 ft 3 inches to inches

27 in
[ ]
a. The volume of the cube in ft is given by e3, hence 27 in

V = e3 where e = 2.25 ft 27 in
3
V = (2.25 ft)
V = 11.39 ft3
b. For the total area in inches, we have,

TA = 6e2 where e = 27 in
2
TA = 6(27 in)
TA = 6 (729 in2)
TA = 4 374 in2
2. A meter stick fits a cubical container. What is the minimum volume of the box?
Given:
a meter stick
meter stick
e
Find:
Volume of the box, V. e
e
Solution:
The cube that would just accommodate the meter stick in its diagonal will be the
smallest cube.
First, we solve for the value of the cube’s edge (e). So, from the formula for the length
of the diagonal D = e√3
D = e√3 where D = 1 meter

1m = e√3 solve e, divide both side by =
82
Then the volume of the cube with

will be:
V = e3
=[
=
V=
83
Cylinders
A cylinder is a solid bounded by a closed cylindrical surface and two parallel

planes. The cylindrical surface is called the lateral surface while the parallel planes are
called the bases.
Figure 2.11
The altitude of the cylinder is the perpendicular distance between its bases.
A right section is a section perpendicular to all the elements of the lateral surface.
A circular cylinder is a cylinder with a right cross-section.
A right circular cylinder is a circular cylinder whose elements are perpendicular to the
base.
y
A B
C D
y’
Figure 2.12
For the right circular cylinder, yy’, the line joining the centers of the bases is called the
axis. The rectangular cross-section ABCD is called the axial section. The axial section
should contain the axis yy’. The circles containing points A and B, and points C and D,
respectively, are the bases of the right circular cylinder. The altitude is the distance
between points y and y’ of the axis.
Properties:
1. The elements of the cylinder are equal.
2. In a right circular cylinder, every element is equal to the altitude.
3. The bases of the cylinder are congruent.
4. The lateral area of a cylinder is the product of the perimeter of a right section and an
element. For a right circular cylinder, the lateral area is the product of the
circumference of the base and its altitude.
5. The volume of the cylinder is the product of its right section and an element.
6. For a right circular cylinder, the volume is the product of the area of its base and the
altitude.
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Formulas: CYLINDER
Lateral Area = circumference of the base x altitude

LA = Ch where C = 2πr
LA = 2𝛑rh
Total Area = LA + 2B B is the area of circle, hence

TA = 2𝛑rh + 2𝛑r2
Volume = area of the base x altitude

V = Bh where B = 𝛑r2,
V = 𝛑r2 h
Examples:
1. Find the volume and lateral area of a cylinder 7 ½ inches in diameter and 9 inches
long.
7 ½ in
Given:
d = 7 ½ in
9 in
h = 9 in
Find:
Volume
Lateral Area
Solution:
The volume of the cylinder is given by
V = r2 h where r = and h = 9 in
2
V = (3.75 in) (9 in)
V = (14.0625 in2) (9 in)
V = 126.5625 in3 or approximately,
V 397.61 in3
The lateral area can be solved by
LA = 2 rh where r = 3.75, h = 9, substitute,

LA = 2 (3.75) (9)
LA = 67.5 in2 or approximately
LA 212.06 in2
85
2. How many cubic inches of metal are there in a length of pipe 8 ¼ inches long, inside
diameter is 4 inches and the pipe is 0.25 in thick?
4 in
0.25 in 0.25 in
8 ¼ in
Find:
Volume of metal, V
Solution:
First, solve for the area of the base, B. B is equal to the area of the outer circle less the
area of the inner circle.
Diameter of the outer circle is:
D outer =
0.25 in
0.25 in
4 in
D outer= 4.5 in.
Thus, the area of the outer circle

outer circle
2
A outer = r where, r = = 2.25 in
= (2.25)2
A outer 15.90 in2
Likewise, the area of the inner circle

4
A inner = r2 where, r =
= (2)2
A inner 12.57 in2 inner circle
The area of the base would then be

B = A outer – A inner
B = 15.90 in2 – 12.57 in2

B = 3.33 in2
The volume of metal in the pipe is:

V = Bh where B = 3.33 in2 and h = 8.25 in
V = 3.33 in2 (8.25 in)
V 27.47 in3
Therefore, the volume of the metal is approximately 27.47 in3
86
PYRAMIDS
Lateral Area, Total Area, Volume
Chapter 5: Solid for which V = Bh
The solids shown below are pyramids.
Z A
W
h h
D S N
C I
B
O P 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑚
A
B R A
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Pyramids were named based on their base. Pyramid in figure 1 is what we call a square
pyramid because of its square base. Likewise, pyramid in figure 2 is called a triangular pyramid
and in the figure 3, it is called a pentagonal pyramid.
From the pyramid of figure 1

Z is called the vertex of pyramid
quadrilateral ABCD is the base
ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD are the lateral edges
AB, BC, CD, DA are the base edges
Notice that all the lateral faces of any pyramid are triangles.
The altitude of the pyramid, of length h, is the line segment from the vertex Z perpendicular
to the plane of the base.
A regular pyramid is a pyramid whose base is a regular polygon and whose lateral edges
are all congruent.
The slant height of a regular pyramid is the altitude from the vertex of the pyramid to the
base of any of the congruent lateral faces. See figure 3.
Note: only regular pyramid has a slant height.
apothem 𝒂, on the other hand, is the distance from the center of the base to the midpoint of
any base edges. See figure 3.
In a regular pyramid, the length 𝑎 of the apothem of the base, the altitude and the slant
height satisfy the Pythagorean theorem, that is,
𝓵2 = 𝒂2 + 𝒉2
𝑎
87
Example 1.
For a regular square pyramid with height of 12 cm and base edges of length 10 cm, find
the length of the slant height.
10
10 h= 12
12
10
a =5 𝑎=5
10
Solution:
From the figure, h = 12, apothem = 5. we need to find the slant height , using
2 2 2
= + substitute = 5, = 12
2
= 52 +122 simplify,
2
= 25 + 144
2
= 169 take the square root of both sides
=
= 13
Then, the slant height measures 13 cm.
Lateral Area (LA)

Let’s derive the lateral area of any regular pyramid. Let’s use any of the pyramids, say the
triangular pyramid. (note that we can the derive the same formula using any regular pyramid)
3 2
s s
1
s
Figure A 1 Figure B
Figure B is the net (laying it out flat) of figure A.

The lateral surface area of the regular pyramid is the sum of the areas of triangles 1, 2, and 3.
We know that the area of triangle is A triangle = (base)(height). Hence the area of each triangular
lateral faces is
A triangle = (base)(height) where base = s, height =
A triangle = (s)( )
88
The combined lateral areas of the triangles with is
LA = (s)( )
LA = ( )( s) where s = P (perimeter) of the base, substitute P.
LA = ( )P
The lateral area LA of a regular pyramid with slant height of length and perimeter P of
the base is given by
LA = ( 𝓵) P
where;
= slant height
P = perimeter of the base
Example 2.
Find the lateral area of a regular pentagonal pyramid if the sides of the 15
base measure 10 cm and the lateral edges measure 15 cm.
10 10
10
Solution:
We need to find first the slant height using the information from the given.
Take note that the formula 2 = 2 + 2 is not applicable here, since the 15
given, 15 is not the height h, and 5 is not the apothem.
But let’s use the Pythagorean theorem, 5 5

2
a +b =c 2 2
where a = , b = 5 and c = 15, substitute, 10
2
+ 52 = 152 simplify, we have
2
+ 25 = 225 combine the constant,
2
= 225 – 25
2
= 200 take the square root of both sides,
= simplify,
=√
= the slant height is equal to
Now use this value in finding the lateral area LA of the pyramid
LA = ( )P substitute =
P pentagon = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 50
LA = ( ) (50) simplify, you may use your calculator,

5
LA = ( ) (50)
LA = 250 cm2
Therefore, the lateral surface area of the pentagonal pyramid is 250 cm2
89
On the other hand, the total area of any pyramid is the sum the lateral area and the area of its
base.
The formula for the total area AT of the pyramid can be written as
TA = ( 𝓵) P + B
where;
= slant height
P = perimeter of the base
B = area of the base
Example 3.
Find the total area of a regular square pyramid that has base edges of length 24 ft and lateral
edges of length 18 ft.
18
24
24 24
Again, let’s use the Pythagorean theorem to find 18

2 2 2
a +b =c where a = , b = 12 and c = 18, substitute,
2
+ 122 = 182 simplify, we have
2 12 12
+ 144 = 324 combine the constant,
2
= 324 – 144 24
2
= 180 take the square root of both sides,
= simplify, you may use your calculator,
=√
= the slant height is equal to
The lateral area is
LA = ( )P substitute =
P square = 24 + 24 + 24 + 24 = 96
LA = ( ) (96) simplify, you may use your calculator,
3
LA = ( (96)
LA = 288 ft.2
Since the area of the square base is (side)( side), we have,
B = (24) (24)
B = 576 ft.2
Hence the total area is
TA = 288 ft.2 + 576 ft.2 or approximately

TA 1 219.99 ft.2
90
Volume of the Pyramid

This time, let’s have the volume of the pyramid.
The volume V of the pyramid having a base area B and an altitude of length h is given by
𝟏
V = 𝑩𝒉
𝟑
where;
B = base area
h = height
The formula for the volume of the pyramid can be applied to any pyramid.
Example 4.
Find the volume of the pyramids below.

17
11
h =35
h = 12
14 14
14
A B
Solution:
A. To find the volume of the pyramid, let’s first find the area of the base.
Since the base is a rectangle, the area is (length)(width)
B = (length)(width)
B = (11)(17)
B = 187 u2
The volume of the pyramid is
V= where = 187 u2, and = 12 u

V= simplify, you may use your calculator,
V=
V = 748 u3
Hence the volume of the rectangular pyramid is 7 848 u 3.
91
B. To find the volume of the pyramid, let’s first find the area of
the base.
Since the base is a triangle, the area is )
The given is the base which is 4 units, we don’t have the h =35
measurement of the height of the triangular base.
To find the height, we use Pythagorean theorem, 14 14
2 2 2
a +b =c , where c = 14, a = h, b = 7
h2 + 72 = 142 , simplify
h2 + 49 = 196 , combine the constant, 14
h2 = 196 - 49
h2 = 147 B
√h = 4
h=√ 4
h= this is the height of the triangular base
14
h
Now, we have h = and base = 14, 7 7
14
B= ) substitute,
B= ) simplify, you may use your calculator

7
B= )
B = 49 u2
The volume of the pyramid is
V= where = 49 u 2, and = 35 u
V= simplify, you may use your calculator,
V= u3 or,
V 990.16 u3
Therefore, the volume of the triangular pyramid is u3 or approximately

990.16 u3
92
Cones
LATERAL AREA, SURFACE, AREA, VOLUME
Consider the figure A. P
O
r
Lateral Area and Total Area Figure A
In the figure above, the point P is the vertex of the cone, the circle O is the base. ,
which joins the vertex containing the base, the axis of the cone.
If the axis is perpendicular to the plane containing the base, as in the figure A, above,
the cone is a right circular cone.
In any cone, the perpendicular segment from the vertex to the plane of the base is the
altitude of the cone. Notice that the axis and the height of the right circular cone are equal.
For a right circular cone only, any line segment that joins the vertex to a point on the
circle is a slant height of the cone, denoted by l.
To summarize, we have the table below.
Name Representation
vertex P
base circle O
axis
height h
slant height l
Lateral Area of Cone P

Recall that the LA of the pyramid is LA = ( )P
Consider the inscribed regular pyramid inside the cone at the right.
As a number of sides of the inscribed pyramid’s base grows larger in
terms of number, the perimeter of the inscribed base of pyramid
approaches the circumference of the circle. At the same time, the slant h
height of the congruent triangular faces approaches that of the slant height
of the cone. l
Thus, the lateral area, LA of the right circular cone can be
compared to
O
LA = ( ) P, for the cone, we change perimeter P to r
circumference C
Figure B
LA = ( )C , we take note that C = 2 r, by substitution
LA = ( ) (2 r)
LA = r this is the lateral area of the cone.
93
The lateral area LA of a right circular cone with slant height and circumference C of the
base is given by
LA = ( ) C or
LA = 𝓵rπ
On the other hand, the total area TA of the cone is the sum of its lateral area and the area
of the circular base.
TA = LA + Base where, Base area = πr2
TA = 𝓵rπ + πr2
Example 5.
Find the total lateral are and the total area of the following cones.
h = 4 in l = 5 in h = 8 cm
l=?
r = 3 in
A B
Solution:
A. From figure A,
= 5 in
r = 3 in
h = 4 in
The lateral area of the cone is
LA = r , where, = 5, r = 3,
LA = (3)
LA = in2 , the lateral area of the cone is in2 or approximately 47.12 in2
The total area of the cone is
TA = r + r2
TA = + (3)2
TA = +
TA = in2 or approximately, (use
TA 75.40 in2 , the total area of the cone is 24 in 2 or approximately 75.40 in2
94
B. From figure B,
r = 5 in
h = 8 in
=? h = 8 cm
We don’t have yet the value for the slant height . l=?
Based on the figure, sides r, h, and makes a right triangle,
hence, we can apply the Pythagorean theorem to find the slant

height,
c2 = a2 + b2 , where, c = l, a = 5, b = 8 h = 8 cm
2 2 2
l =5 +8 l=?
l2 = 25 + 64
= 89
l2
√ =
l=
The lateral area of the cone is
LA = r , where, = , r = 5,
LA = (5)
LA = 5 in2 or approximately, (use
LA = 148.19 in2
Hence, the lateral area of the cone is 5 in2 or approximately 148.19 in2.
The total area of the cone is

TA = r + r2
TA = 5 + (5)2
TA = 5 + or approximately, (use
TA 148.19 + 78.54
TA 226.73 in2
The total area of the cone is approximately 226.73 in2
P
Volume of the Cone
We know that the volume of the pyramid is given by the formula

V= .
h
Because the area of the base of the cone is B = 2
r,
l
let’s substitute this in to the volume
O
V= r
V=
95
The volume V of a right circular cone with r is the length of the radius of the base and altitude
of length h, is given by
V= π
Example 6.
Find the volume of the following cones.
P
r = 12 ft
h = 20 ft
C D
Solution:
C. From the figure,
r = 12 ft
h = 20 ft
The volume of the cone is
V= , where r = 12, h = 20
V=
V=
V=
3
V=
3
V , or approximately, (use
3
V P
3
Hence, the volume of the cone is approximately .
D. From the figure,
h = 12 cm
= 15 cm
r=?
We need the length of the radius first,

we may use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length r.
D
c2 = a2 + b2 ,where c = = 15, b = 15, a = r substitute, we have,

152 = r2 + 122 , simplify,
225 = r2 + 144 , combine the constants,
225 – 144= r2
81 = r2 take the square root of both sides, become,
9=r
96
The volume of the cone is
V= , where r = 9, h = 12
V=
V=
V=
3
V=
3
V , or approximately, (use
3
V
3
Hence, the volume of the cone is approximately .
97
SUMMARY OF THE FORMULA (Solid Geometry)
LATERAL TOTAL AREA VOLUME

AREA
g. prism LA = eP
TA = LA + B1 + B2 V = Bh
h. parallelepiped TA = 2(lw + lh + wh) V=lxwxh
i. cube 2 V = e3
LA = 4e2 TA = 6e
j. cylinder LA = 2 rh V = r2 h
TA = 2 rh + 2 r2
k. pyramid LA = ( )P TA = ( ) P + B V=
l. cone LA = r TA = r + r2 V=
rectangular
parallelepiped
y
A B
PRISM
e
C D
y’
e
e Cylinder
cube
P
Z
h
l
h O
D r
C
ASSESSMENT
A MODULE 5 cone
B
pyramid 98
A. Read the following problems carefully. Respond to the questions being asked by
choosing the letter of the correct answer.
Volume, LA, TA of Prism
1. A triangular pyramid with an altitude of h = 21 in, and base edges of length 8 in, find
its volume.
A. 194 in3 21 in
B. 387 in3
C. 193 in3
D. 388 in3
8 in
2. Find the lateral area of a regular pentagonal pyramid if the sides of the base
measure 15 cm and with slant height = 20 cm.
A. 750 cm
B. 1500 cm
C. 550 cm
D. 100 cm
3. How much cubic meter of water can fill the inverted rectangular
pyramid with base dimension of 10 m by 4 m and with a height 10 m
of 15 m? 4m
A. 600 m3
B. 500 m3 h = 15m
C. 300 m3
D. 200 m3
4. A conical tank with a height of 100 cm and with a diameter of 24 cm will be filled by
fresh water. How much water is needed to filled the tank? (use
A. 15 097.60 cm3
B. 15 093.61 cm3
C. 15 079.68 cm3
D. 15 012.65 cm3
100 cm
24 cm
5. How much gallon of water will be needed to fill the conical tank of radius 180 in and a
height of 100 in? (1 gallon = 231 in3, use
A. 14 688.00 gallon
B. 3 392 928.00 gallon
C. 15 687.29 gallon
D. 3 392 920.07 gallon
6. Find the volume of a rectangular prism whose base is 3 ½ in by 6 in with a height of

11 inches.
A. 231 in3
99
11 in
B. 215 in3
C. 24 in3
D. 66 in3
7. Find the capacity in gallons of a rectangular tank whose base is 3 ft 4 in by 2 ft 8 in

and with a height of 5 ft 8 in. (use 1 gallon = 231 in3)
A. 376.5 gal
B. 376. 8 gal
C. 345. 5 gal
5 ft 8 in
D. 456.6 gal
2 ft 8 in
3 ft 4 in
8. A square water tank 2.5 meters high has a capacity of 40,000 liters. Find the length
of the sides. ( 1 cubic meter = 1,000 liters)
A. 4 m
B. 5 m
C. 6 m
D. 7 m
9. The prism having trapezoidal bases has an altitude of 10 inches. The lengths of the
parallel edges of the base are 4 inches and 7 inches. The lengths of the non-parallel
edges are 5 inches and 6 inches. Find the area of the lateral surface of the prism.
A. 220 in2 4
B. 120 in2
C. 320 in2 6
D. 420 in 2 5
7
10
10. Find the altitude of a right prism if its lateral surface is 210 sq. in and the perimeter of
its base is 21 in.
A.14 in
100
B. 12 in
C. 10 in
D. 16 in
11. Find the lateral area of a right prism with a lateral edge of 2.6 meters and the
perimeter of its base is 29 meters.
A. 75. 4 m2
B. 76.6 m2
C. 56.67 m2
D. 54 m2
12. A rectangular metal container 1.5m x 1.5 m x 2.5 m is filled with liquid, how many
liters of liquid does the container hold? (1 m 3 = 1 000 L)
A. 5625 L
B. 1 000 L
C. 2 565 L
D. 1 234 L
2.5 m
13. A ballast tank is 19 ft long, 25 ft wide and 7 ft deep. Find its maximum capacity in
tons if it is filled with seawater? (1 ton of seawater = 36 cu ft)
A. 92.36 ton
B. 92.37 ton
C. 3 325 ton
D. 3 326 ton
14. Find the volume and the total area in ft3 and in2, respectively, of a cube of edge 6
feet 5 inches.
A. V = 264.61 ft3, TA = 35 574 in2
B. V = 364.61 ft3, TA = 35 573 in2
C. V = 464.41 ft3, TA = 25 534 in2 6 ft 5 in
D. V = 224.63 ft3, TA = 25 744 in2
6 ft 5 in
6 ft 5 in
15. What is the area of the lateral surface of a cube with edge 7 cm? What is the area of
its total surface?
A. LA = 96 cm2, TA = 265 cm2
B. LA = 216 cm2, TA = 258 cm2
C. LA = 146 cm2, TA = 232 cm2
7 cm
D. LA = 196 cm2, TA = 294 cm2
7 cm
7 cm
16. The diagonal of a cube is 49 inches. Find its volume and total surface area.
A. V = 117 649 in3, TA = 14 406 in2
101
B. V = 127 649 in3, TA = 14 426 in2

C. V = 137 649 in3, TA = 14 436 in2
D. V = 147 649 in3, TA = 14 446 in2
17. How many cubic cm are there in a cylinder 36 cm in diameter and 56 cm long?
A. 57 231.06 cm3
B. 57 451.06 cm3
C. 57 001.06 cm3 36 cm
D. 57 671.06 cm3
56 cm
18. Find the capacity in Liter of a cylindrical tank 2.2 meters in diameter and 3.7 meters
high. (1 m3 = 1000 L)
A. 14 064.91 L 2.2 m
B. 12 544.91 L
C. 14 564.91 L
D. 12 444.91 L
3.7 m
19. A concrete pipe is 1 meter long. Its inside and outside diameter are 4 m and 6 m m,
respectively. What is the volume of the concrete needed to make the pipe?
A. 16.76 m3
4m
B. 14.73 m3
3
C. 12.72 m
D. 15.71 m3
1m
6m
20. Find the height of an 8-gallon cylindrical container if the diameter is 12 inches.
(8 gallon = 1 848 in3)
A. h = 16.34 in 12 in
B. h = 14.34 in
C. h = 15.34 in
D. h = 12.34 in
V = 8 gal h=?
REFERENCES
Marcelino D and Ocampo S; Contemporary Mathematics , 2011
102
Paragon T. and Sobrejuanite R.; Solid Mensuration , 2000
Oronce O., Santos G. and Ona M.; Mathematics II (Concepts, Structures and Methods),
1998
Alexander, Daniel C & Koeberlein, Geralyn M.; Elementary Geometry for College Students,
Pacific Grove : Brooks/Cole, 2019.
103

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University of Antique CHAPTER 5: GEOMETRIC SOLIDS

College of Arts and Sciences

GEE 9 SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY WITH SOLID MENSURATION

Chapter 5: Solid for which V = Bh

At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

SUMMARY OF THE FORMULA (Solid Geometry)

LATERAL TOTAL AREA VOLUME

b. parallelepiped TA = 2(lw + lh + wh) V=lxwxh

Topic 1: General Definitions

In Figure 2.1, PQ is the plane and ABCDEF is a section of a solid.

Volume of the Solid

A polyhedron is a solid bounded by plane surfaces. The intersections of the plane

EDGES FACES VERTICES

AB ,CD, EF, BF etc. ABCD, BCGF, ADHE, etc. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H

Polyhedron are classified according to the number of faces:

A regular prism is a prism whose bases are regular polygons.

Lateral Area = Lateral edge x perimeter of the right section

Total Area = Lateral Area + Areas of the bases

Volume = Area of Base x Altitude

Formulas for Rectangular Parallelepiped

D= (length) + (width) + (height)

1. A container having a rectangular cross-section of 8 feet by 5 feet has an altitude of 6

For the total external surface area/ total area,

The area of the base, B, then is 48 in x 48 in = 2 304 in2

Then, V =Bh where B = 2 304 in2 and h = 72 in

V = 165 888 in3 x

The sides of the cube are called the edges (e).

The edge measures 2 ft 3 in

Convert 2 ft 3 inches to inches

a. The volume of the cube in ft is given by e3, hence 27 in

b. For the total area in inches, we have,

D = e√3 where D = 1 meter

Then the volume of the cube with

A cylinder is a solid bounded by a closed cylindrical surface and two parallel

Lateral Area = circumference of the base x altitude

Total Area = LA + 2B B is the area of circle, hence

Volume = area of the base x altitude

The lateral area can be solved by

LA = 2 rh where r = 3.75, h = 9, substitute,

Diameter of the outer circle is:

Thus, the area of the outer circle

Likewise, the area of the inner circle

The area of the base would then be

B = 15.90 in2 – 12.57 in2

The volume of metal in the pipe is:

Therefore, the volume of the metal is approximately 27.47 in3

Chapter 5: Solid for which V = Bh

The solids shown below are pyramids.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

From the pyramid of figure 1

Note: only regular pyramid has a slant height.

Lateral Area (LA)

Figure B is the net (laying it out flat) of figure A.

A triangle = (base)(height) where base = s, height =

The combined lateral areas of the triangles with is

LA = ( )( s) where s = P (perimeter) of the base, substitute P.

But let’s use the Pythagorean theorem, 5 5

LA = ( ) (50) simplify, you may use your calculator,

Again, let’s use the Pythagorean theorem to find 18

The lateral area is