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Lecture 10 Expressions Computation Logic

This document discusses Boolean logic and expressions. It defines relational and logical operators that are used to build expressions. Examples are provided to evaluate expressions and determine if they are true or false. Questions at the end test understanding of Boolean expressions, evaluating conditions, finding equivalent expressions, and framing expressions for eligibility.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
50 views12 pages

Lecture 10 Expressions Computation Logic

This document discusses Boolean logic and expressions. It defines relational and logical operators that are used to build expressions. Examples are provided to evaluate expressions and determine if they are true or false. Questions at the end test understanding of Boolean expressions, evaluating conditions, finding equivalent expressions, and framing expressions for eligibility.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC

PSAT 2021

1 Department of CSE
Boolean Logic
Expressions
• An expression is simply one or more variables and/or constants joined by
• operators
• An expression is evaluated and produces a result
• The result of all arithmetic expressions are either integers or reals
• An expression can also yield a result that is either true or false-
BOOLEAN
• Such an expression is called a relational expression
• The result reflects how something "relates to” something else.

For example
• "Is the value of x greater than the value of y?"
• Note that the preceding poses a question.
• Relational expressions are usually intended to answer yes/no, or
true/false, questions.
• Obviously, boolean values and boolean variables play an important role in
relational expressions.
3 Department of CSE
Operators
To build relational expressions, two types of operators are used,
relational operators and logical operators
Relational operators

Logical operators

4 Department of CSE
Examples
Expression Value of expression
3<4 True
7.6 <= 9 True
4 == 7 False
8.3 != 2.1 True
Initial values Expression Value of expression
a=3 a ==b False
b=4 c< d True
c=5 (a==b) && (c<d) False
d=6 (a==b) || (c<d) True

result = (a==b) && (c<d) False


!result true

5 Department of CSE
Truth assignment: True or False

Let,
(a < b || (a >= b && c == d)) be statement 1
(a < b || c == d) be statement 2

In the statements 1 and 2,


a < b , c == d, a >= b are conditions to be checked for TRUE or
FALSE
to determine the truth value of the entire expression
Logical expression

Let (a < b || (a >= b && c == d)) be statement 1

Let (a < b || c == d) be statement 2

# A. Let, a is less than b be True

• We inspect the first of the two conditions (a < b) to see if it is true


• It is true in both statements 1 and 2
• TRUE is returned by both the statements
# B. Let, a is less than b be FALSE
In statement 1 :
We inspect the second of the two conditions
(a >= b && c == d) to see if it is true
• We are asking whether both a >= b AND c == d are true
• If a < b is false, then a >= b is of course true

✓ Therefore whether true or false is returned entirely depends on the condition


c == d
• If c == d is true then true is returned [as it is understood a
>= b is true]
and as a < b is false, the statement 1 returns true
• If c == d is false and false is returned [as it is understood a >=
b is true]
• and as a < b is false, the statement 1 returns false
In statement 2 :

We inspect the second of the two conditions c == d

• If c == d is true then true is returned and as a < b is false, the


statement 2 returns true

• If c == d is false and false is returned and as a < b is false, the


statement 2 returns false
Questions
• Boolean expressions
1. credits >= 120 && GPA >=2.0 (Find the truth value of the
Boolean expression credits = 260, 100, GPA = 10,1 respectively.
2. Suppose you are checking whether a value is between lower and
upper bound (range) : low < val < high.
3. Now suppose we want the opposite condition: that val
is not strictly between low and high.
4. Assume a patient has a temperature of 100oC and BP of 200. Give
a Boolean expression to whether the patient is normal.
[Std:Temp=37oC and BP=120]

10 Department of CSE
Questions
5. Solve the given Compound Expression
a. A==B==C==D (Given A ,B,D = true and C=false)
b.(x > 0 && (y / x) == 3)(Given x to 0 and y to 3)
6. Is it possible to find Equivalent Expr for the given conditional Expr.
Expression Equivalent Expression
!(a > b)
!(a == b)
!(a == b || c == d)
!(a == b && c > d)

7. A person is eligible to be a US Senator who is at least 30 years old and has been a US
citizen for at least 9 years. A person is eligible to be a US Representative who is at least 25
years old and has been a US citizen for at least 7 years. Frame the Boolean expression for the
Senator and Representative. Given following candidates check if he fits as Senator or
Representative:
Simba: Age- 12, length of citizenship- 12
Mufasa:Age- 32, length of citizenship- 20
Scar: Age – 27, length of citizenship – 8
11 Department of CSE
Answers 4. temp>37 &&BP>120
1. Expressi 5. a. false
Credit GPA
on b. false
260 10 True 6. Equivalent
Expression
260 1 False Expression
100 10 False !(a > b) a <= b
100 1 False !(a == b) a != b
!(a == b || c == d) a != b && c != d
2. low < val && val < high
3. Approach 1: low < val || val < high !(a == b && c > d) a != b || c <= d
Approach 2: !(low < val && val < high)
7.Expression
senator: age>=30 && citizenship>=9
Representative: age>= 25 && citizenship>=7
Output:
Simba :Not Eligible
Mufasa: Senator
Scar:Representative
12 Department of CSE

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