NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.

NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using

Arduino
Rimmi Chaudhary1, Gouri Sankar Mishra2, Pradeep Kumar Mishra3, Rupal Walia4, Aarti5

Computer Science and Applications, ShardaSchool of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University,
Greater Noida, India
1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
3
5
[email protected]

2
Computer Science and Engineering, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda
University, Greater Noida, India
2
[email protected]

Abstract-
Every nation has practiced agriculture, which is regarded as both a science and an art of plant
cultivation. Agribusiness must also adapt to the times and keep up with new technologies in today's
world. Sensors that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) are used to collect the data
necessary to comprehend agricultural lands in smart agriculture. IoT's essential advantage is the 3172
capacity to watch out for Using remote sensor networks for farming, which gather data from
numerous sensors set at different areas and send it by means of remote convention. In smart
agriculture, the IoT system is powered by the Arduino. It includes a DC motor, moisture, humidity,
and temperature. The humidity and moisture content are first measured by the system. The system
automatically begins watering when the water level falls below a predetermined range thanks to the
sensors. Temperature fluctuations affect how the sensor works. Along with the date and time, IoT
also displays information about humidity and moisture level. Altering the temperature based on the
crops grown is another option.
Keywords- Arduino, Internet of Things, Temperature, Humidity, Sensors, Soil Moisture, Irrigation
DOINumber:10.48047/nq.2022.20.22.NQ10314 NeuroQuantology2022;20(22):3172-3178
1.INTRODUCTION including those for light, humidity,
In India, agriculture is one of the main temperature, and soil moisture A system is
employment opportunities. Agribusiness is designed to track the agricultural field in IoT-
essential for human survival. Population based smart farming. Farmers can monitor
growth is inversely correlated with the status of their farms from anywhere. IoT-
agricultural output growth. In essence, the powered smart farming is far more efficient
amount of food that can be grown depends than traditional farming. The Arduino and
on the seasons and whether or not there is DHT11 Sensor are used in the suggested
enough water available. It is possible to solve Internet of Things-based water supply. It will
problems and improve agricultural outcomes transmit data to the ThingSpeak server in
with an IoT-based smart agriculture system. order to monitor the state of land and
Frameworks for local and global agricultural automatically water the plants based on the
checking are designed to provide up-to-date moisture level of the soil [1].
knowledge on food production. Sensors,
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

Autonomous irrigation systems are now the user using an application that provides a
possible thanks to the development of WSN web interface [1].
and IoT technologies, as well as recent Smart agricultural monitoring systems employ
advancements in agricultural irrigation system the manual technique, which is one of the
sensors. The system will recognise the factors most traditional approaches in agriculture [4],
that irrigation systems measure, such as to validate the parameters. The reading is
water amount and quality, soil properties, independently calculated and every
weather conditions, and fertiliser application parameter is checked by farmers using this
[2]. Also, it will give a rundown of the wireless procedure.
technologies and nodes that are most The system focuses on developing equipment
typically used for the installation of Wireless and tools to manage, analyse, and notify users
sensor network and IoT-based smart irrigation by leveraging the benefits of a wireless sensor
systems. system [1]. With the use of automated
processes and Internet of Things (IoT)
2. LITERATURE SURVEY technology, agriculture is intended to be
In an IOT based crop Prediction and Irrigation transformed. Using cloud computing systems,
Automation System, the process of which are used at the system's final end, it is
monitoring a crop field is described. A system possible to construct a whole computer
is built with the use of sensors, and the system that includes detectors and tools for 3173
irrigation system is autonomous depending on viewing data from crop land [5]. It provides a
a server's choice made using data collected novel smart farming method by wirelessly
from the sensors. The detected data is connecting a smart sensor system and a smart
wirelessly transferred to a database on a web irrigation system[6].
server [3]. When irrigation is mechanized, This system has an inexpensive installation
moisture and temperature fields are reduced fee. In this case, the agricultural system may
to levels below their potential. The system be accessed and controlled via a laptop,
may be monitored and controlled remotely by smartphone, or computer [7].
Fig. 1. Depicts the block diagram of the proposed model.

eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

Fig.1 Block Diagram

3. REQUIRED MODULES
3.1. Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller board, which is based on the Atmega328, is shown in Figure 2.
It contains 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, 14 digital input/output pins, a USB port, a
power connector, an ICSP header, and a reset button [6].

Fig.2.Arduino UNO
3.2. Soil Moisture Sensor the soil's moisture content, this sensor also
Fig. 3. depicts a soil moisture sensor that is informs the user to water their plants [1]. It
used to measure the humidity level in the finds extensive usage in gardening for
sand. When the sensor determines a lack of medicinal purposes as well as irrigation in
water in the field, the module's output is high; agriculture.
otherwise, it is low [8]. Along with measuring

3174

Fig. 3.Soil Moisture Sensor

3.3.Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT- use of a capacitive humidity sensor and a
11) thermistor to monitor the ambient air and
This sensor monitors the atmosphere's deliver a digital signal on the data pin [8]. By
temperature and humidity (DHT-11). measuring the resistance difference between
According to Fig. 4, the DHT-11 is a two electrodes, the DHT-11 calculates relative
straightforward, inexpensive computational humidity.
temperature and humidity sensor. It makes

Fig. 4.DHT-11 Sensor

3.4.Relay have several connections that interact in
A switch that is electrically operated and has a various ways to form or break circuits [7]. A
relay is shown in Fig. 5.It has control signal relay is utilised to turn on the water pump,
input terminals as well as functional contact keeping the crop wet.
terminals.The switch may

Fig. 5.Relay
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

3.5.Water Pump function. With a 220mA current consumption

A cheap, DC 3-6V tiny submersible pump and a pumping capacity of up to 120 litres per
motor is shown in Fig. 6. It requires a power hour. Simply attach the tube pipe to the
supply that is between 2.5 and 6 volts to motor port, put it in water, and turn it on [6].

Fig. 6. Water Pump

3.6.Battery(5V) anode are the negative and positive terminals,
An electric battery is a source of electricity respectively. The charged particles that will
composed of one or more electrolytic cell commute to the positive electrode via an
connected to the outside world. When a outer electric circuit will originate at the
battery is supplying power, the cathode and negative terminal.

Fig. 7.Battery 3175

3.7.Resistor voltage levels, skewing active substances, and
Electrical resistance is implemented as a terminating transmission lines. Raised variable
circuit element using resistors, quiet two- resistors may dissipate many watts of
terminal electrical components. Electronic electrical power as heat and are used as test
circuit elements called resistors are employed loads for motor controllers, electrical
for a number of purposes, including lowering distribution systems, and generators.
current flow, modifying signal power, splitting

Fig. 8.Resistor
3.8. Arduino IDE the sketch formed in the Arduino IDE
To create and find the attached to Arduino programme. The.ino file extension is used to
boards, open-source software known as the store the sketch.
Arduino IDE is used. The IDE programme 4. OPERATION
works with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux The smart agriculture system is able to
among other operating systems. C and C++ monitor crops which is tested under various
are assisted languages. The term used here is conditions. Under all climatic conditions, the
Integrated Development Environment. soil is tested with a soil moisture sensor, and
In the Arduino IDE, sketching is a term used to the results are correctly construed. Under
describe programming or coding. We must various weather conditions, measurements of
attach the Arduino and Genuino boards to the the humidity output are begun taking and
windows machine the IDE in order to upload updated.
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

Two soil moisture sensors allow us to farmer present, the information is

measure the soil's moisture content and current.
transmit that data to the Arduino. In that  The data that is gathered is constantly
spot, install the soil moisture sensors. The revised, keeping the farmer updated
Arduino receives the signal from the sensor, of the crop's status[1] .
but since plants need water when the soil is  Additional sensors can be used to
dehydrated, this tells us that the planet is dry obtain crop information that are more
[9]. When the Arduino sends a signal to the precise and effective.
relay module, the water pump turns on 6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
immediately. The duration can be changed by The primary goal of this project is to apply
modifying the code. The entire amount of cutting-edge technology to critical industries
water coming from the water pump stays in such as agriculture. Throughthe use of IoT
one place, crops might be damaged. A servo technologies, this solution simplifies
motor can be used to spin the pipe in a loop agricultural monitoring. The benefits of
from one position to another, solving this saving labourers and water are especially
problem. important in today's agricultural climate.So,
5. ADVANTAGES agriculture on agricultural lands with sensor 3176
 It is affordable to purchase and simple networks is smart. Cloud technique is used
to maintain. to deliver IoT data to customers. As a result,
 The needed components are readily any changes in the crop are readily apparent,
accessible. allowing for early investigation. [7]. Fig. 9.
 Utilizing the internet to check the depicts the components of the kit for the
status on a laptop or smartphone proposed model.
provides benefits. Even without a

Fig. 9.IoT based automatic irrigation monitoring system

Table. 1. Irrigation for Different Crops

Crop Stage1 Stage2 Stage3 Stage4 Stage5 Total

WaterRequired(Litr
es/Acre)
(1- (31- (61- (91- (121-
Rice 30)Days 60)Days 90)Days 120)Day 150)Day 87,50,000
5% 20% 40% s s
30% 5%

SugarCa 20% 25% 40% 10% 5% 60,00,000

ne

eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
 NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

Wheat 5% 20% 40% 20% 5% 26,37,000

Potato 5% 20% 40% 20% 15% 45,00,000

Corn 5% 20% 40% 20% 15% 27,30,000

The proposed method for supplying water to different amounts of water at different
the crop divides the crop's total duration stages, we cannot irrigate the entire crop
into five distinct stages. As a result, the with the same threshold value. As a result,
proposed method provides the crop with the the table displays the percentage of total
necessary amount of water based on the water at five stages per one acre of land.
stage of the crop. Table 1 depicts it. We Depending on the crop and water
gathered data for various crops such as rice, requirements, the motor will automatically
sugar cane, wheat, potato, and corn in the turn on and off. The below table shows the
table and divided each crop's duration into water requirements per acre of crop at
five stages. Because different crops require various stages.
 To make things simpler for farmers
7. CONCLUSION who only speak their regional
3177
Smart farming will benefit from IoT. By language, regional language features
predicting moisture and soil moisture levels, can be included.
the innovation can monitor and control the
irrigation system. REFERENCES
In several aspects of farming, IoT significantly [1]Priyadharsnee.K, Dr.S.Rathi,“An Iot Based
improves time effectively, flood control, crop Smart Irrigation System”, International
scouting, soil conservation, and weedkiller Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research
and insecticide control. Furthermore, this Volume 8, Issue 5, May-2017
technology helps to reduce the amount of [2] Rajalakshmi.P and S. Devi Mahalakshmi,
human labour required, streamlines farming “IOT Based Crop Field Monitoring and
techniques, and promotes precision Irrigation Automation”, 10th International
agriculture. In spite of the advantages this conference on Intelligent systems and control
system offers, the farmer market can be (ISCO), 2016.
expanded at the touch of a finger and little [3] F. M. Javed Mehedi Shamrat, Alamin
effort thanks to smart farming [10]. Hossain, Tonmoy Roy, Md AhasanulAdeeb
8. FUTURE SCOPE Khan, Ankit Khater, Md Tareq Rahman. "IoT
The project has the potential to add new Based Smart Automated Agriculture and Real
features and enhance the usefulness of the Time Monitoring System", 2021 2nd
system in a number of ways, including: International Conference on Smart Electronics
 Set up a web camera in the system to and Communication (ICOSEC),
take pictures of the crops, and the 2021 Publication
data can then be saved in a [4] V. Anand Kumar, A. Renaldo maximus, S.
database[4]. Vishnupriyan, K. Sheikdavood, P. Gomathi.
 For less literate users, the system "IoT and Artificial Intelligence-based Low-Cost
could be grew with a speech-based Smart Modules for Smart Irrigation Systems" ,
option. 2022 International Conference on
 The incorporation of the Global Automation, Computing and Renewable
Positioning System, or GPS, allows for Systems (ICACRS), 2022
the supply of the farmers precise [5] Mepco Schlenk Engineering College R
location as well as more accurate Assistant Professor Kama R, D.
weather data for croplands and SenthoorSeruvan, K. R.Sathish Kumar. "Smart
gardens. Monitoring System for Silkworm Incubator

eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
 NEUROQUANTOLOGY | DECEMBER 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 22 |PAGE 3172-3178|DOI: 10.48047/NQ.2022.20.22.NQ10314
Rimmi Chaudhary et al/IoT Based Smart Irrigation System Using Arduino

Using FPGA" , Research Square Platform LLC,

2023
[6] MyoThidar Win, Tin Mar Kyi, Yi Yi Aung.
“Arduino Based Moisture Sensing Automatic
Plant Watering System” ,International Journal
of Research and Innovation in Applied Science
(IJRIAS) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2019
[7] D Venkata Sarath Chandra, Gagandeep
Kaur, Mahua Bhattacharya. "Smart Irrigation
Management System for Precision
Agriculture" , 2023 International Conference
on Advances in Intelligent Computing and
Applications (AICAPS), 2023
[8] Joaquin Gutierrez, Juan Francisco Villa-
Medina et.al, “Automated Irrigation System 3178
Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS
Module”, IEEE Transactions on
Instrumentation and Measurement, 2013
[9] Mohamed Ahmed Geedi, Saciid Ahmed
Aadan, Bashiir Ahmed Cilmi, Suleiman
Abdullahi Ali, Mohamed Khalif Warsame.
"Chapter 2 Smart Gardening Automation
System Using IoT with Power Saver" , Springer
Science and Business Media LLC, 2022
[10] T. Veeramakali, D. Ramkumar, S.
Selvakumar, Sanjeevi Pandiyan, Baseera A.
“Smart Agricultural Management using IoT
Based Automation Sensors" , International
Journal of Recent Technology and
Engineering, 2020

eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com