Condition ASD LRFD Related Info

For Ae, see AISC

Tension 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.5FuAe 0.9FyAg ≤ 0.75FuAe Specification Equation
D3-1.
Lb ≤ Lp 0.66FySx 0.99FySx 300r
Strong Lp < Lb ≤ Use linear interpolation between Lp and Lp = Fy y
Axis Lr Lr . See Note 1.1.
Bending Lb = Lr 0.42FySx 0.63FySx Lr and strength
when Lb > Lr
Weak Axis 0.9FySy 1.35FySy are given in the
AISC Manual.
Shear (in strong axis) 0.4FyAw 0.6FyAw See Note 1.2.
L rc ≤800 Fy 0.6FyAg(0.658)P 0.9FyAg(0.658)P F L r()2
L rc >800 Fy 150 000, 226 000, P=y c
Compression 286,000
Ag Ag
See Note 1.3.
(L rc )2 (L rc )2
Notes
1.1 Multiply equations given for strong axis with Lb ≤ Lp, or weak axis, by values in parentheses for
 W21×48 (0.99), W14×90 (0.97), W12×65 (0.98), W10×12 (0.99), W8×10 (0.99), W6×15 (0.95) and
W6×8.5 (0.98).
1.2 Multiply equations given by 0.9 for W44×230, W40×149, W36×135, W33×118, W30×90, W24×55,
W16×26 and W12×14 and all C- and MCshapes. In weak axis, equations can be adapted by using Aw
= 1.8bftf.
1.3 Not applicable to slender shapes. For slender shapes, use Ae from AISC Specification Section E7 in
place of Ag. For C- and MC- shapes, see AISC Specification Section E4.
This reference is based upon
simplifying assumptions and
arbitrarily selected limitations.
Direct use of the 2016 AISC
Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-
16) may be less constrained and
less conservative.
W-, S-, C- and MC Shapes
W-Shapes ASTM A992 Fy = 50 Fu = 65
ksi ksi
S-, C- and ASTM A36 Fy = 36 Fu = 58
MC-Shapes ksi ksi
 Group A (ASTM F3125 Grades Fu = 120
A325 and F1852) Group B ksi
(ASTM F3125 Grades A490 and Fu = 150
Bolts F2280) ksi
Group C (ASTM F3043 and Fu = 200
F3111) ksi
Welds FEXX = 70 ksi –
Design Values
This reference is based upon
simplifying assumptions and
arbitrarily selected limitations.
Direct use of the 2016 AISC
Specification (ANSI/AISC 360-
16) may be less constrained and
less conservative.
Condition ASD LRFD Related Info
Tension 0.38FuAb 0.56FuAb —
Bolts

Shear (N bolts, per shear plane) 0.23FuAb 0.34FuAb Multiply by 1.25 for X
 bolts.
Slip Resistance (Class A, STD 0.12FuAb 0.18FuAb Per slip plane. See Note
holes) 2.1.
Bearing 1.2dbtFu 1.8dbtFu
See Note 2.2.
Tearout 0.6lctFu 0.9lctFu
Shear (all welds except CJP) 0.3FEXX Awe ≤ 0.45FEXX Awe ≤ See Note 2.3.
Weld

0.3FuABM 0.45FuABM
s

PJP Tension 0.32FEXX Aw ≤ 0.48FEXX Aw ≤

Groove 0.5FuABM 0.75FuABM See AISC
Welds Compression Specification
0.48FEXX Aw ≤ 0.6Fy 0.72FEXX Aw ≤ 0.9Fy
(joint not finished to Section J2.1a.
ABM ABM
bear)
CJP Groove Welds Strength equal to base metal. —
For Ae, see AISC
Tension 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.5FuAe 0.9FyAg ≤ 0.75FuAe Specification Equation
Connected

D3-1.
Parts

Shear 0.4FyAg ≤ 0.3FuAn 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.45FuAn —

Block Shear 0.3FuAnv + 0.45FuAnv + See Note 2.4.
0.5UbsFuAnt 0.75UbsFuAnt
Compression Lc/r ≤ 25 0.6FyA 0.9FyA —
 Lc/r > 25 Same as for W-shapes with Ag = A.
Notes
2.1 For Class B multiply by 1.67. Multiply by values in parentheses for SSL perpendicular to load
direction (1.0), OVS or SSL parallel to load direction (0.85), and LSL holes (0.70). Multiply by 0.85
if multiple fillers are used within grip.
2.2 For LSL holes perpendicular to load direction, multiply by 0.83.
2.3 For fillet welds, multiply by 1.5 for transverse loading (90-degree load angle). For other load angles,
see AISC Specification Section J2.
2.4 For calculation purposes, FuAnv cannot exceed Fy Agv. Ubs = 1.0 for a uniform tension stress; 0.5 for
non-uniform tension stress.
Basic HSS
Members Design
Values Round Rectangular
This reference is based upon
simplifying assumptions and ASTM A500 Fy = 46 Fu = 62 Fy = 50 Fu = 62
arbitrarily selected limitations. Grade C ksi ksi ksi ksi
Direct use of the 2016 AISC HSS
ASTM A1085 Fy = 50 Fu = 65 Fy = 50 Fu = 65
Specification (ANSI/AISC 360- Grade A ksi ksi ksi ksi
16) may be less constrained and
Pipe ASTM A53 Fy = 35 Fu = 60 – –
less conservative.
Grade B ksi ksi
Condition
ANSI/AISC 360-16 is available free
www.aisc.org/specifications
at . ASD LRFD Related Info
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
www.aisc.org
P325-17A © AISC 2017
 For Ae, see AISC
0.9FyAg ≤
Tension 0.6FyAg ≤ 0.5Fu Ae Specification
0.75FuAe
Equation D3-1.
Rectangular HSS 0.66FyS 0.99FyS See Note 3.1.
Bending Round HSS and 0.78FyS 1.17FyS See Note 3.2.
Pipe
Rectangular HSS 0.36FyAw 0.54FyAw See Note 3.3.
Shear Round HSS and 0.18FyAg 0.27FyAg See Note 3.4.
Pipe
L rc ≤800 Fy 0.6FyAg(0.658)P 0.9FyAg(0.658)P F (L r)2
P=y c
L rc >800 Fy 150 000, Ag 226 000,
Compression 286,000
Ag
(L rc )2 See Note 3.5.
(L rc )2
Notes
3.1 Not applicable if size limit from
Table 3.1. Size Limits for Rectangular HSS, in.* Table 3.1 at left is exceeded (see
Nominal Wall 7⁄ 3⁄4 5⁄8 1⁄ 3⁄8 5⁄16 1⁄4 3⁄16 1⁄8 Section F7).
Thickness, in. 8 2 3.2 Not applicable if D/t > 2,030/Fy (see
Bending Flange 22 20 16 12 10 8 6 5 3 Section F8).
 Web 24 24 24 24 20 18 14 10 7 3.3 Not applicable if size limit from
Shear 24 24 24 24 20 18 14 10 7 Table 3.1 at left is exceeded (see
Section G4).
Compression 24 24 20 16 12 10 8 6 4 3.4 Equations provided for shear
*Table only covers up to 88-in. periphery yielding. See AISC Specification
Section G5 for shear buckling
provisions.
3.5 For rectangular HSS, if size limit
from Table 3.1 at left is exceeded use
Ae from AISC Specification Section
E7 in place of Ag. For round HSS and
Pipe where D/t > 3,190/Fy, use Ae
from AISC Specification Section E7
in place of Ag.
Analysis and Design
Simplified Method (see Note 4.1)
Design Values
Elastic Methods Effective Forces and
Limitations References
Length Moments
First-Order Analysis Method—second- K = 1 for all From analysis ∆2nd/∆1st ≤ Specification
order effects captured from effects of frames (see 1.5; Appendix 7.3
additional lateral load Note 4.2) axial load
 limited
Effective Length Method—second- K = 1, except
order analysis with 0.2% of total gravity for moment From
frames ∆2nd/∆1st ≤ Specification
load as lateral load in gravity-only analysis (see
with ∆2nd/∆1st 1.5 Appendix 7.2
combinations (see Note 4.3) Note 4.3)
> 1.1
Direct Analysis Method—second-order From Specification
K = 1 for all
analysis with notional lateral load and analysis (see None Chapter C
frames
reduced EI and AE (see Note 4.3) Note 4.3)
Notes
∆2nd/∆1st is the ratio of the second-order drift to first-order drift, which is also represented by B2.
4.1 Derived from the effective length method, using B1-B2 approximation with B1 taken equal to B2.
4.2 An additional amplification for member curvature effects is required for columns in moment frames.
4.3 The B1-B2 approximation (Appendix 8) can be used to accomplish a second-order analysis within
the limitation that B2 ≤ 1.5. Also, B1 and B2 can be taken equal to the multiplier tabulated for the
simplified method above.
Design Load Ratio from Step 3 (times 1.6 for ASD, 1.0 for LRFD)
Story Drift 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120
Limit
H/100 1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5/1.4 When ratio exceeds 1.5, simplified method
H/200 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4/1. 1.5/1.4 requires a stiffer
 3
H/300 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5/1.4 structure.
H/400 1 1 K1 = 1.11 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4/1. 1.5
3
H/500 1 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
Notes Where two value associated with RM = 0.85.
values ar
e provided, the value in
bold is the
Interpolation between values in the table may
produce an incorrect result.
Step 1. Perform first-order
elastic analysis. Use 0.002 times
the total story gravity load as
lateral This reference is based
upon simplifying assumptions
and load in gravity-only
combinations. arbitrarily selected
limitations. Direct use of the
2016 AISC Step 2. Establish the
design story drift limit and
 determine the lateral load that
produces that drift. Specification
(ANSI/AISC 360-16) may be
less constrained Step 3.
Determine the ratio of the total
story gravity load to the lateral
load determined in Step 2. and
less conservative.
For ASD, multiply by 1.6.
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