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Learn CSS - Syntax and Selectors Cheatsheet

The document discusses various ways to write CSS code including: 1) Linking an external CSS stylesheet to an HTML document using <link> tags and specifying the href, rel, and type attributes. 2) Writing CSS code in its own files with a .css extension or within <style> tags in an HTML file. 3) Applying inline styles directly to HTML elements using the style attribute. 4) Using different CSS selectors like classes, IDs, element types, and descendant selectors to target specific elements.

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Lucas Lohrmann
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32 views

Learn CSS - Syntax and Selectors Cheatsheet

The document discusses various ways to write CSS code including: 1) Linking an external CSS stylesheet to an HTML document using <link> tags and specifying the href, rel, and type attributes. 2) Writing CSS code in its own files with a .css extension or within <style> tags in an HTML file. 3) Applying inline styles directly to HTML elements using the style attribute. 4) Using different CSS selectors like classes, IDs, element types, and descendant selectors to target specific elements.

Uploaded by

Lucas Lohrmann
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn CSS

Syntax and Selectors

<link> Link Element


The <link> element is used to link HTML documents <!-- How to link an external stylesheet
to external resources like CSS files. It commonly uses:
with href, rel, and type attributes -->
href attribute to specify the URL to the
external resource
rel attribute to specify the relationship of the <link
linked document to the current document
href="./path/to/stylesheet/style.css"
type attribute to define the type of content
being linked rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

Purpose of CSS
CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a language that is
used in combination with HTML that customizes how
HTML elements will appear. CSS can define styles and
change the layout and design of a sheet.

Write CSS in Separate Files


CSS code can be written in its own files to keep it <head>
separate from the HTML code. The extension for CSS
<link href="style.css" type="text/css"
files is .css. These can be linked to an HTML file using a
<link> tag in the <head> section. rel="stylesheet">
</head>

Write CSS in HTML File


CSS code can be written in an HTML file by enclosing <head>
the code in <style> tags. Code surrounded by
<style>
<style> tags will be interpreted as CSS syntax.
h1 {
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>

Inline Styles
CSS styles can be directly added to HTML elements by <h2 style="text-align: center;">Centered
using the style attribute in the element’s opening tag.
text</h2>
Each style declaration is ended with a semicolon. Styles
added in this manner are known as inline styles.
<p style="color: blue; font-size:
18px;">Blue, 18-point text</p>

Separating HTML code from CSS code


It is common practice to separate content code in
HTML files from styling code in CSS files. This can help
make the code easier to maintain, by keeping the syntax
for each file separate, and any changes to the content
or styling can be made in their respective files.

Class and ID Selectors


CSS classes can be reusable and applied to many /* Selects all elements with
elements. Class selectors are denoted with a period .
class="column" */
followed by the class name. CSS ID selectors should be
unique and used to style only a single element. ID .column {
selectors are denoted with a hash sign # followed by }
the id name.

/* Selects element with id="first-item"


*/
#first-item {
}

Groups of CSS Selectors


Match multiple selectors to the same CSS rule, using a h1, h2 {
comma-separated list. In this example, the text for both
color: red;
h1 and h2 is set to red.
}

Selector Chaining
CSS selectors define the set of elements to which a
CSS rule set applies. For instance, to select all <p>
elements, the p selector can be used to create style
rules.

Chaining Selectors
CSS selectors can be chained so that rule sets apply /* Select h3 elements with the section-
only to elements that match all criteria. For instance, to
heading class */
select <h3> elements that also have the section-
heading class, the selector h3.section-heading can h3.section-heading {
be used. color: blue;
}
/* Select elements with the section-
heading and button class */
.section-heading.button {
cursor: pointer;
}

CSS Type Selectors


CSS type selectors are used to match all elements of a /* Selects all <p> tags */
given type or tag name. Unlike for HTML syntax, we do
p {
not include the angle brackets when using type
selectors for tag names. When using type selectors, }
elements are matched regardless of their nesting level
in the HTML.

CSS class selectors


The CSS class selector matches elements based on the .calendar-cell {
contents of their class attribute. For selecting
color: #fff;
elements having calendar-cell as the value of the
class attribute, a . needs to be prepended. }

HTML attributes with multiple values


Some HTML attributes can have multiple attribute <div class="value1 value2 value3"></div>
values. Multiple attribute values are separated by a
space between each attribute.

Selector Specificity
Specificity is a ranking system that is used when there h1#header {
are multiple conflicting property values that point to
color: blue;
the same element. When determining which rule to
apply, the selector with the highest specificity wins out. } /* implemented */
The most specific selector type is the ID selector,
followed by class selectors, followed by type selectors.
h1 {
In this example, only color: blue will be implemented
as it has an ID selector whereas color: red has a type color: red;
selector. } /* Not implemented */

CSS ID selectors
The CSS ID selector matches elements based on the #job-title {
contents of their id attribute. The values of id
font-weight: bold;
attribute should be unique in the entire DOM. For
selecting the element having job-title as the value of }
the id attribute, a # needs to be prepended.

CSS descendant selector


The CSS descendant selector combinator is used to div p { }
match elements that are descended from another
matched selector. They are denoted by a single space
between each selector and the descended selector. All section ol li { }
matching elements are selected regardless of the
nesting level in the HTML.

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