Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Forms

<input>: Checkbox Type

When using an HTML input element, the <input type="checkbox" name="breakfast"
type="checkbox" attribute will render a single
value="bacon">Bacon 🥓<br>
checkbox item. To create a group of checkboxes
related to the same topic, they should all use the same <input type="checkbox" name="breakfast"
name attribute. Since it’s a checkbox, multiple value="eggs">Eggs 🍳<br>
checkboxes can be selected for the same topic.
<input type="checkbox" name="breakfast"
value="pancakes">Pancakes 🥞<br>

<textarea> Element
The textarea element is used when creating a text- <textarea rows="10" cols="30"
box for multi-line input (e.g. a comment section). The
name="comment"></textarea>
element supports the rows and cols attributes
which determine the height and width, respectively, of
the element.
When rendered by the browser, textarea fields can be
stretched/shrunk in size by the user, but the rows
and cols attributes determine the initial size.
Unlike the input element, the <textarea> element
has both opening and closing tags. The value of the
element is the content in between these tags (much like
a <p> element). The code block shows a <textarea>
of size 10x30 and with a name of "comment" .

<form> Element
The HTML <form> element is used to collect and <form method="post"
send information to an external source.
action="http://server1">
<form> can contain various input elements. When a
user submits the form, information in these input Enter your name:
elements is passed to the source which is named in the <input type="text" name="fname">
action attribute of the form. <br/>
Enter your age:
<input type="text" name="age">
<br/>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<input>: Number Type

HTML input elements can be of type number . These <input type="number" name="balance" />
input fields allow the user to enter only numbers and a
few special characters inside the field.
The example code block shows an input with a type of
number and a name of balance . When the input
field is a part of a form, the form will receive a key-
value pair with the format: name: value after form
submission.

<input> Element
The HTML <input> element is used to render a <label for="fname">First name:</label>
variety of input fields on a webpage including text fields,
<input type="text" name="fname"
checkboxes, buttons, etc. <input> element have a
type attribute that determines how it gets rendered id="fname"><br>
to a page.
The example code block will create a text input field
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle"
and a checkbox input field on a webpage.
value="Bike"> I own a bike

<input>: Range Type

A slider can be created by using the type="range" <input type="range" name="movie-rating"
attribute on an HTML input element. The range slider
min="0" max="10" step="0.1">
will act as a selector between a minimum and a
maximum value. These values are set using the min
and max attributes respectively. The slider can be
adjusted to move in different steps or increments using
the step attribute.
The range slider is meant to act more as a visual widget
to adjust between 2 values, where the relative position
is important, but the precise value is not as important.
An example of this can be adjusting the volume level of
an application.

<select> Element
The HTML <select> element can be used to create a <select name="rental-option">
dropdown list. A list of choices for the dropdown list
<option value="small">Small</option>
can be created using one or more <option>
elements. By default, only one <option> can be <option value="family">Family
selected at a time. Sedan</option>
The value of the selected <select> ’s name and the <option value="lux">Luxury</option>
<option> ’ s value attribute are sent as a key-value
</select>
pair when the form is submitted.

Submitting a Form
Once we have collected information in a form we can <form action="/index3.html" method="PUT">
send that information somewhere else by using the
</form>
action and method attribute. The action attribute
tells the form to send the information. A URL is assigned
that determines the recipient of the information. The
method attribute tells the form what to do with that
information once it’s sent. An HTTP verb is assigned to
the method attribute that determines the action to
be performed.

<input>: Text Type

HTML <input> elements can support text input by <input type="text" name="username">
setting the attribute type="text" . This renders a
single row input field that users can type text inside.
The value of the <input> ‘s name and value
attribute of the element are sent as a key-value pair
when the form is submitted.

<datalist> Element
When using an HTML input, a basic <input list="ide">
search/autocomplete functionality can be achieved by
pairing an <input> with a <datalist> . To pair a
<input> with a <datalist> the <input> ’s list <datalist id="ide">
value must match the value of the id of the <option value="Visual Studio Code" />
<datalist> . The datalist element is used to store a <option value="Atom" />
list of <option> s.
<option value="Sublime Text" />
The list of data is shown as a dropdown on an input
field when a user clicks on the input field. As the user </datalist>
starts typing, the list will be updated to show elements
that best match what has been typed into the input
field. The actual list items are specified as multiple
option elements nested inside the datalist .
datalist s are ideal when providing users a list of pre-
defined options, but to also allow them to write
alternative inputs as well.

<input>: Radio Button Type

HTML <input> elements can be given a <input name="delivery_option"
type="radio" attribute that renders a single radio
type="radio" value="pickup" />
button. Multiple radio buttons of a related topic are
given the same name attribute value. Only a single <input name="delivery_option"
option can be chosen from a group of radio buttons. type="radio" value="delivery" />
The value of the selected/checked <input> ’s name
and value attribute of this element are sent as a key-
value pair when the form is submitted.

Submittable Input
HTML <input> elements can have a type attribute set
to submit, by adding type="submit" . With this
attribute included, a submit button will be rendered
and, by default, will submit the <form> and execute
its action.
The text of a submit button is set to Submit by
default but can also be changed by modifying the
value attribute.
<input> name Attribute
In order for a form to send data, it needs to be able to <input name="username" id="username" />
put it into key-value pairs. This is achieved by setting
<input id="address" />
the name attribute of the input element. The
name will become the key and the value of the
input will become the value the form submits
corresponding to the key.
It’s important to remember that the name is not the
same as the ID in terms of form submission. The ID and
the name of the input may be the same, but the value
will only be submitted if the name attribute is
specified.
In the code example, the first input will be submitted by
the form, but the second one will not.

<label> Element
The HTML <label> element provides identification for <label for="password ">Password:</label>
a specific <input> based on matching values of the
<input type="text" id="password"
<input> ‘s id attribute and the <label> ‘s for
attribute. By default, clicking on the <label> will focus
name="password">
the field of the related <input> .
The example code will create a text input field with the
label text “Password: “ next to it. Clicking on “Password:
“ on the page will focus the field for the related
<input> .

<input> Password Type

The HTML <input> element can have the attribute <input type="text" name="username" />
type="password" that renders a single row input field
<input type="password" name="password" />
which allows the user to type censored text inside the
field. It is used to type in sensitive information.
The value of this <input> ’s name and value (actual
value and not the censored version) attribute of this
element are sent as a key-value pair when the form is
submitted.
The code block shows an example of the fields for a
basic login form - the username and password fields.

required Attribute
In HTML, input fields have an attribute called required <input type="password" name="password"
which specifies that the field must include a value.
required >
The example code block shows an input field that is
required. The attribute can be written as
required="true" or simply required .

max Attribute
HTML <input> s of type number have an attribute <input type="number" max="20">
called max that specifies the maximum value for the
input field.
The code block shows an input number field that is
set to have a maximum value of 20 . Any value larger
than 20 will mark the input field as having an error.

maxlength Attribute
In HTML, input fields with type text have an attribute <input type="text" name="tweet"
called maxlength that specifies the maximum
maxlength="140">
number of characters that can be entered into the
field. The code block shows an input text field that
accepts text that has a maximum length of 140
characters.

pattern Attribute
In a text input element, the pattern attribute uses a <form action="/action_page.php">
regular expression to match against (or validate) the
Country code:
value of the <input> , when the form is submitted.
<input type="text" name="country_code"
pattern="[A-Za-z]{3}"
title="Three letter country
code">
<input type="submit">
</form>

minlength Attribute
In HTML, an input field of type text has an attribute <input type="text" name="username"
that supports minimum length validation. To check that
minlength="6" />
the input text has a minimum length, add the
minlength attribute with the character count.
The example code block shows an example of a text
field that has a minimum length of 6 .

HTML Form Validators

HTML forms allow you to specify different kinds of
validation for your input fields to make sure that data is
entered correctly before being submitted. HTML
supports a number of different validators, including
things like minimum value, minimum/maximum length,
etc. The validators are specified as attributes on the
input field.

min Attribute
In HTML, input fields with type number have an <input type="number" name="rating"
attribute called min that specifies the minimum value
min="1" max="10">
that can be entered into the field. The code block
provided shows an input number field that accepts a
number with minimum value 1.