PROF RAJENDRA SINGH ( RAJJU BHAIYA ) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

U.P. GOVERNMENT, LUCKNOW

National
National Education Policy-2020
Policy 2020
Common
mon Minimum Syllabus
Syllabus for all U.P.
U P State Universities
Universities and Colleges
Col
For first three
three years of Higher Education
Education (UG)
(UG)

UGP
UG HYSIIIICS S
PHYSICS YLLABUS
SALLYBUS

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY,

MIRZAPUR ROAD, NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ-211010
WWW.PRSUNIV.AC.IN
PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Name Designation Affiliation
Steering Committee
Mrs. Monika S. Garg, (I.A.S.) Additional Chief Secretary Dept. of Higher Education U.P., Lucknow
Chairperson Steering
Committee
Prof. Poonam Tandan Professor, Lucknow University, U.P.
Dept. of Physics
Prof. Hare Krishna Professor, CCS University Meerut, U.P.
Dept. of Statistics
Dr. Dinesh C. Sharma Associate Professor, K.M. Govt. Girls P.G. College Badalpur, G.B.
Dept. of Zoology Nagar, U.P.
Supervisory Committee-Science Faculty
Dr. Vijay Kumar Singh Associate Professor, Agra College, Agra
Dept. of Zoology
Dr. Santosh Singh Dean, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidhyapeeth, Varanasi
Dept. of Agriculture
Dr. Baby Tabussam Associate Professor, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, U.P.
Dept. of Zoology
Dr. Sanjay Jain Associate Professor, St. John’s College, Agra
Dept. of Statistics
Syllabus Developed by:
S.No. Name Designation Department College/University
1. Dr. Gaurang Misra Associate Professor Physics Agra College, Agra
2. Physics & Dr. R. M. L. A. University,
Dr. Naresh Kumar Chaudhary Associate Professor
Electronics Faizabad
3. Dr. Vikram Singh Assistant Professor Physics St. John’s College, Agra

SEMESTER-WISE TITLES OF THE PAPERS IN UG PHYSICS COURSE

SEME- COURSE THEORY /
YEAR PAPER TITLE CREDIT
STER CODE PRACTICAL
CERTIFICATE -IN BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
B010101T Mathematical Physics & Newtonian Mechanics Theory 4
I
FIRST
YEAR

B010102P Mechanical Properties of Matter Practical 2

B010201T Thermal Physics & Semiconductor Devices Theory 4
II
B010202P Thermal Properties of Matter & Electronic Circuits Practical 2
DIPLOMA - IN APPLIED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS
B010301T Electromagnetic Theory & Modern Optics Theory 4
SECOND

III
YEAR

B010302P Demonstrative Aspects of Optics & Lasers Practical 2

B010401T Perspectives of Modern Physics & Basic Electronics Theory 4
IV
B010402P Basic Electronics Instrumentation Practical 2
DEGREE -IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
B010501T Classical & Statistical Mechanics Theory 4
V B010502T Quantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy Theory 4
B010503P Demonstrative Aspects of Electricity & Magnetism Practical 2
THIRD
YEAR

B010504R Research Project Project Qualifying

B010601T Solid State & Nuclear Physics Theory 4
VI B010602T Analog & Digital Principles & Applications Theory 4
B010603P Analog & Digital Circuits Practical 2
B010604R Research Project Project Qualifying

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 2 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

SUBJECT PREREQUISITES

To study this subject, a student must have had the subjects Physics & Mathematics in class 12th.

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

The practical value of science for productivity, for raising the standard of living of the people is surely
recognized. Science as a power, which provides tools for effective action for the benefit of mankind or for
conquering the forces of Nature or for developing resources, is surely highlighted everywhere. Besides the
utilitarian aspect, the value of Science, lies in the fun called intellectual enjoyment. Science teaches the value of
rational thought as well as importance of freedom of thought.
Our teaching so far has been aimed more at formal knowledge and understanding instead of training and
application oriented. Presently, the emphasis is more on training, application and to some extent on appreciation,
the fostering in the pupils of independent thinking and creativity. Surely, teaching has to be more objective based.
The process of application based training, whether we call it a thrill or ability, is to be emphasized as much as the
content.
Physics is a basic science; it attempts to explain the natural phenomenon in as simple a manner as possible. It is
an intellectual activity aimed at interpreting the Multiverse. The starting point of all physics lies in experience.
Experiment, whether done outside or in the laboratory, is an important ingredient of learning physics and hence
the present programme integrates six experimental physics papers focusing on various aspects of modern
technology based equipments. With all the limitations imposed (even the list of experiments as given in the
syllabus) if the spirit of discovery by investigation is kept in mind, much of the thrill can be experienced.

1. The main aim of this programme is to help cultivate the love for Nature and its manifestations, to
transmit the methods of science (the contents are only the means) to observe things around, to
generalize, to do intelligent guessing, to formulate a theory & model, and at the same time, to hold an
element of doubt and thereby to hope to modify it in terms of future experience and thus to practice a
pragmatic outlook.
2. The programme intends to nurture the proficiency in functional areas of Physics, which is in line with
the international standards, aimed at realizing the goals towards skilled India.
3. Keeping the application oriented training in mind; this programme aims to give students the
competence in the methods and techniques of theoretical, experimental and computational aspects of
Physics so as to achieve an overall understanding of the subject for holistic development. This will
cultivate in specific application oriented training leading to their goals of employment.
4. The Bachelor’s Project (Industrial Training / Survey / Dissertation) is intended to give an essence of
research work for excellence in explicit areas. It integrates with specific job requirements /
opportunities and provides a foundation for Bachelor (Research) Programmes.

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PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

CERTIFICATE
IN BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
This programme aims to give students the competence in the methods and techniques of calculations
using Newtonian Mechanics and Thermodynamics. At the end of the course the students are expected
to have hands on experience in modeling, implementation and calculation of physical quantities of
relevance.
FIRST YEAR

An introduction to the field of Circuit Fundamentals and Basic Electronics which deals with the
physics and technology of semiconductor devices is practically useful and gives the students an
insight in handling electrical and electronic instruments.

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used.
The industries of electronics, telecommunication and instrumentation will specially recognize this
course.
DIPLOMA
IN APPLIED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS

This programme aims to introduce the students with Electromagnetic Theory, Modern Optics and
Relativistic Mechanics. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation serves as a basis for all communication
systems and deals with the physics and technology of semiconductor optoelectronic devices. A
SECOND YEAR

deeper insight in Electronics is provided to address the important components in consumer

Optoelectronics, IT and Communication devices, and in industrial instrumentation.

The need of Optical instruments and Lasers is surely highlighted everywhere and at the end of the
course the students are expected to get acquaint with applications of Lasers in technology.

Companies and R&D Laboratories working on Electromagnetic properties, Laser Applications,

Optoelectronics and Communication Systems are expected to value this course.

DEGREE
IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
This programme contains very important aspects of modern day course curriculum, namely,
Classical, Quantum and Statistical computational tools required in the calculation of physical
quantities of relevance in interacting many body problems in physics. It introduces the branches of
Solid State Physics and Nuclear Physics that are going to be of utmost importance at both
THIRD YEAR

undergraduate and graduate level. Proficiency in this area will attract demand in research and
industrial establishments engaged in activities involving applications of these fields.

This course amalgamates the comprehensive knowledge of Analog & Digital Principles and
Applications. It presents an integrated approach to analog electronic circuitry and digital electronics.

Present course will attract immense recognition in R&D sectors and in the entire cutting edge
technology based industry.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 4 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

SEMESTER-WISE PAPER TITLES WITH DETAILS

SEME- PREREQUISITE ELECTIVE

YEAR PAPER PAPER TITLE
STER For Paper For Major Subjects
CERTIFICATE
IN BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Theory Mathematical Physics & Physics in 12th / YES
SEMESTER

Paper-1 Newtonian Mechanics Mathematics in 12th Open to all

I

YES
Practical Mechanical Properties of Opted / Passed
FIRST YEAR

Bot./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper-2 Matter Sem. I, Th. Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.

Theory Thermal Physics & Physics in 12th / YES

SEMESTER

Paper-3 Semiconductor Devices Chemistry in 12th Open to all

II

YES
Practical Thermal Properties of Matter Opted / Passed
Bot../Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper-4 & Electronic Circuits Sem. II, Th. Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.
DIPLOMA
IN APPLIED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS
Theory Electromagnetic Theory & Passed YES
SEMESTER

Paper-1 Modern Optics Sem. I, Th. Paper-1 Open to all

III

Demonstrative Aspects of YES

SECOND YEAR

Practical Opted / Passed

Optics & Lasers Bot./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper-2 Sem. III, Th. Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.

Theory Perspectives of Modern Passed YES

SEMESTER

Paper-3 Physics & Basic Electronics Sem. I, Th. Paper-1 Open to all
IV

YES
Practical Basic Electronics Opted / Passed
Bot./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper-4 Instrumentation Sem. IV, Th.Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.
DEGREE
IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Theory Classical & Statistical Passed YES
SEMESTER

Paper-1 Mechanics Sem. I, Th. Paper-1 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.

Theory Quantum Mechanics & Passed YES
V

Paper-2 Spectroscopy Sem. IV, Th. Paper-1 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.

THIRD YEAR

Practical Demonstrative Aspects of Passed YES

Paper-3 Electricity & Magnetism Sem. III, Th. Paper-1 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.
Theory Passed YES
Solid State & Nuclear Physics
SEMESTER

Paper-1 Sem. V, Th. Paper-2 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.

Theory Analog & Digital Principles & Passed YES
VI

Paper-2 Applications Sem. IV, Th. Paper-1 Open to all

Practical Opted / Passed YES
Analog & Digital Circuits
Paper-3 Sem. VI, Th. Paper-2 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 5 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

FIRST YEAR
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR

CERTIFICATE
IN
BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 6 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

SEME- UNIT TITLE

YEAR PAPER PAPER TITLE
STER (Periods Per Semester)
CERTIFICATE
IN BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Part A
I: Vector Algebra (9)
Mathematical Physics &
Newtonian Mechanics II: Vector Calculus (11)
III: Coordinate Systems (6)
IV: Frames of References (4)
SEMESTER I

Theory
Part A: Basic Mathematical Physics Part B
Paper-1
Part B: Newtonian Mechanics V: Dynamics of a System of Particles (8)
& Wave Motion
VI: Dynamics of a Rigid Body (8)
VII: Motion of Planets & Satellites (7)
VIII: Wave Motion (7)
FIRST YEAR

Practical Mechanical Properties of Lab Experiment List

Paper-2 Matter Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Part A
th st
I: 0 & 1 Law of Thermodynamics (8)
Thermal Physics &
Semiconductor Devices II: 2nd & 3rd Law of Thermodynamics (8)
Theory III: Kinetic Theory of Gases (7)
Paper-3 Part A: Thermodynamics & Kinetic IV: Theory of Radiation (7)
SEMESTER

Theory of Gases Part B

II

Part B: Circuit Fundamentals & V: DC & AC Circuits (7)

Semiconductor Devices VI: Semiconductors & Diodes (8)
VII: Transistors (8)
VIII: Electronic Instrumentation (7)
Practical Thermal Properties of Lab Experiment List
Paper-4 Matter & Electronic Circuits Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 7 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Paper: First

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010101T Course Title: Mathematical Physics & Newtonian

Mechanics
Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Recognize the difference between scalars, vectors, pseudo-scalars and pseudo-vectors.

2. Understand the physical interpretation of gradient, divergence and curl.
3. Comprehend the difference and connection between Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems.
4. Know the meaning of 4-vectors, Kronecker delta and Epsilon (Levi Civita) tensors.
5. Study the origin of pseudo forces in rotating frame.
6. Study the response of the classical systems to external forces and their elastic deformation.
7. Understand the dynamics of planetary motion and the working of Global Positioning System (GPS).
8. Comprehend the different features of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) and wave propagation.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics Lectures
PART A
Basic Mathematical Physics

Introduction to Indianancient Physics and contribution of Indian Physiciest,

in context with the holistic development of modern science and technology,
should be included under Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE)

I 9
 Vector Algebra
Coordinate rotation, reflection and inversion as the basis for defining scalars, vectors, pseudo-
scalars and pseudo-vectors (include physical examples). Component form in 2D and 3D.
Geometrical and physical interpretation of addition, subtraction, dot product, wedge product, cross
product and triple product of vectors. Position, separation and displacement vectors.
Vector Calculus
Geometrical and physical interpretation of vector differentiation, Gradient, Divergence and Curl
II and their significance. Vector integration, Line, Surface (flux) and Volume integrals of vector
11
fields. Gradient theorem, Gauss-divergence theorem, Stoke-curl theorem, Greens theorem and
Helmholtz theorem (statement only). Introduction to Dirac delta function.
Coordinate Systems
2D & 3D Cartesian, Spherical and Cylindrical coordinate systems, basis vectors, transformation
III equations. Expressions for displacement vector, arc length, area element, volume element, gradient,
6
divergence and curl in different coordinate systems

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 8 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Frames of References
Components of velocity and acceleration in different coordinate systems. Examples of non-inertial
IV coordinate system and pseudo-acceleration. 4

PART B
Newtonian Mechanics & Wave Motion
Dynamics of a System of Particles
Review of historical development of mechanics up to Newton. Background, statement and critical
V analysis of Newton’s axioms of motion. Dynamics of a system of particles, centre of mass motion, 8
and conservation laws & their deductions. Rotating frames of reference, general derivation of origin
of pseudo forces (Euler, Coriolis & centrifugal) in rotating frame, and effects of Coriolis force.
Dynamics of a Rigid Body
Angular momentum, Torque, Rotational energy and the inertia tensor. Rotational inertia for simple
VI bodies (ring, disk, rod, solid and hollow sphere, solid and hollow cylinder, rectangular lamina). The 8
combined translational and rotational motion of a rigid body on horizontal and inclined planes.
Elasticity, relations between elastic constants, bending of beam and torsion of cylinder.
Motion of Planets & Satellites
Two particle central force problem, reduced mass, relative and centre of mass motion. Newton’s
VII law of gravitation, gravitational field and gravitational potential. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion 7
and their deductions. Motions of geo-synchronous & geo-stationary satellites and basic idea of
Global Positioning System (GPS).
Wave Motion
Differential equation of simple harmonic motion and its solution, use of complex notation, damped
and forced oscillations, Quality factor. Composition of simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures.
VIII 7
Differential equation of wave motion. Plane progressive waves in fluid media, reflection of waves
and phase change, pressure and energy distribution. Principle of superposition of waves, stationary
waves, phase and group velocity.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. Murray Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, Dennis Spellman, “Schaum’s Outline Series: Vector Analysis”, McGraw
Hill, 2017, 2e
2. A.W. Joshi, “Matrices and Tensors in Physics”, New Age International Private Limited, 1995, 3e

PART B
1. Charles Kittel, Walter D. Knight, Malvin A. Ruderman, Carl A. Helmholz, Burton J. Moyer, “Mechanics (In SI
Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 1”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 2e
2. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 1”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
3. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, “Sears & Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2017, 14e
4. D.S. Mathur, P.S. Hemne, “Mechanics”, S. Chand Publishing, 1981, 3e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
UG Physics Syllabus {Page 9 of 48}
PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Physics in 12th / Mathematics in 12th

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Open to all

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 10 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Paper: Second

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010102P Course Title: Mechanical Properties of Matter

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the mechanical properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments.
Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Moment of inertia of a flywheel
2. Moment of inertia of an irregular body by inertia table
3. Modulus of rigidity by statistical method (Barton’s apparatus)
4. Modulus of rigidity by dynamical method (sphere / disc / Maxwell’s needle)
5. Young’s modulus by bending of beam
6. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio by Searle’s method
7. Poisson’s ratio of rubber by rubber tubing
8. Surface tension of water by capillary rise method
9. Surface tension of water by Jaeger’s method
10. Coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseuille’s method
11. Acceleration due to gravity by bar pendulum
12. Frequency of AC mains by Sonometer
13. Height of a building by Sextant
14. Study the wave form of an electrically maintained tuning fork / alternating current source 60
with the help of cathode ray oscilloscope.
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=74

1. Torque and angular acceleration of a fly wheel

2. Torsional oscillations in different liquids
3. Moment of inertia of flywheel
4. Newton's second law of motion
5. Ballistic pendulum
6. Collision balls
7. Projectile motion
8. Elastic and inelastic collision

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 11 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.K. Agrawal, G. Jain, R. Sharma, “Practical Physics”, Krishna Prakashan Media (Pvt.) Ltd., Meerut, 2019
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=74
2. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual Universities.
Course Prerequisites
Opted / Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Zoology

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

15 marks for Record File (depending upon the no. of experiments performed out of the total assigned experiments)
05 marks for Viva Voce
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 12 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Paper: Third

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010201T Course Title: Thermal Physics & Semiconductor Devices

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Recognize the difference between reversible and irreversible processes.

2. Understand the physical significance of thermodynamical potentials.
3. Comprehend the kinetic model of gases w.r.t. various gas laws.
4. Study the implementations and limitations of fundamental radiation laws.
5. Utility of AC bridges.
6. Recognize the basic components of electronic devices.
7. Design simple electronic circuits.
8. Understand the applications of various electronic instruments.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory of Gases
0th & 1st Law of Thermodynamics
State functions and terminology of thermodynamics. Zeroth law and temperature. First law, internal
I energy, heat and work done. Work done in various thermodynamical processes. Enthalpy, relation 8
between CP and CV. Carnot’s engine, efficiency and Carnot’s theorem. Efficiency of internal
combustion engines (Otto and diesel).
2nd & 3rd Law of Thermodynamics
Different statements of second law, Clausius inequality, entropy and its physical significance.
Entropy changes in various thermodynamical processes. Third law of thermodynamics and
II 8
unattainability of absolute zero. Thermodynamical potentials, Maxwell’s relations, conditions for
feasibility of a process and equilibrium of a system. Clausius- Clapeyron equation, Joule-Thompson
effect.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Kinetic model and deduction of gas laws. Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of
III 7
velocities and its experimental verification. Degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy
(no derivation) and its application to specific heat of gases (mono, di and poly atomic).
Theory of Radiation
Blackbody radiation, spectral distribution, concept of energy density and pressure of radiation.
IV 7
Derivation of Planck's law, deduction of Wien’s distribution law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Stefan-
Boltzmann law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 13 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

PART B
Circuit Fundamentals & Semiconductor Devices
DC & AC Circuits
Growth and decay of currents in RL circuit. Charging and discharging of capacitor in RC, LC and
V RCL circuits. Network Analysis - Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems. 7
AC Bridges - measurement of inductance (Maxwell’s, Owen’s and Anderson’s bridges) and
measurement of capacitance (Schering’s, Wein’s and de Sauty’s bridges).
Semiconductors & Diodes
P and N type semiconductors, qualitative idea of Fermi level. Formation of depletion layer in PN junction
diode, field & potential at the depletion layer. Qualitative idea of current flow mechanism in forward &
VI reverse biased diode. Diode fabrication. PN junction diode and its characteristics, static and dynamic 8
resistance. Principle, structure, characteristics and applications of Zener, Tunnel, Light Emitting, Point
Contact and Photo diodes. Half and Full wave rectifiers, calculation of ripple factor, rectification efficiency
and voltage regulation. Basic idea about filter circuits and voltage regulated power supply.
Transistors
Bipolar Junction PNP and NPN transistors. Study of CB, CE & CC configurations w.r.t. active,
cutoff & saturation regions; characteristics; current, voltage & power gains; transistor currents &
VII 8
relations between them. Idea of base width modulation, base spreading resistance & transition time.
DC Load Line analysis and Q-point stabilisation. Voltage Divider Bias circuit for CE amplifier.
Qualitative discussion of RC coupled amplifier (frequency response not included).
Electronic Instrumentation
Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage, dc current, ac voltage, ac current and
resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance.
VIII Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, electron gun, 7
electrostatic focusing and acceleration (no mathematical treatment). Front panel controls, special
features of dual trace CRO, specifications of a CRO and their significance. Applications of CRO to
study the waveform and measurement of voltage, current, frequency & phase difference.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. M.W. Zemansky, R. Dittman, “Heat and Thermodynamics”, McGraw Hill, 1997, 7e
2. F.W. Sears, G.L. Salinger, “Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory & Statistical thermodynamics”, Narosa Publishing
House, 1998
3. Enrico Fermi, “Thermodynamics”, Dover Publications, 1956
4. S. Garg, R. Bansal, C. Ghosh, “Thermal Physics”, McGraw Hill, 2012, 2e
5. Meghnad Saha, B.N. Srivastava, “A Treatise on Heat”, Indian Press, 1973, 5e

PART B
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. A. Sudhakar, S.S. Palli, “Circuits and Networks: Analysis and Synthesis”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 5e
6. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e
Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be
suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 14 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Physics in 12th / Chemistry in 12th

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Open to all

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 15 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Paper: Fourth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010202P Course Title: Thermal Properties of Matter & Electronic Circuits

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the thermal and electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat by Callender and Barne’s method
2. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper by Searle’s apparatus
3. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of rubber
4. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method
5. Value of Stefan’s constant
6. Verification of Stefan’s law
7. Variation of thermo-emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature
8. Temperature coefficient of resistance by Platinum resistance thermometer
9. Charging and discharging in RC and RCL circuits
10. A.C. Bridges: Various experiments based on measurement of L and C
11. Resonance in series and parallel RCL circuit
12. Characteristics of PN Junction, Zener, Tunnel, Light Emitting and Photo diode
13. Characteristics of a transistor (PNP and NPN) in CE, CB and CC configurations
14. Half wave & full wave rectifiers and Filter circuits
60
15. Unregulated and Regulated power supply
16. Various measurements with Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Thermal Properties of Matter:
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194

1. Heat transfer by radiation

2. Heat transfer by conduction
3. Heat transfer by natural convection
4. The study of phase change
5. Black body radiation: Determination of Stefan's constant
6. Newton's law of cooling
7. Lee's disc apparatus
8. Thermo-couple: Seebeck effects

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 16 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Semiconductor Devices:
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#

9. Familiarisation with resistor

10. Familiarisation with capacitor
11. Familiarisation with inductor
12. Ohm's Law
13. RC Differentiator and integrator
14. VI characteristics of a diode
15. Half & Full wave rectification
16. Capacitative rectification
17. Zener Diode voltage regulator
18. BJT common emitter characteristics
19. BJT common base characteristics
20. Studies on BJT CE amplifier
Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 11e
4. A. Sudhakar, S.S. Palli, “Circuits and Networks: Analysis and Synthesis”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 5e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#
3. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual Universities.
Course Prerequisites
Opted / Passed Semester II, Theory Paper-1 (B010201T)
This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects
Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Zoology
Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods
15 marks for Record File (depending upon the no. of experiments performed out of the total assigned experiments)
05 marks for Viva Voce
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 17 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

SECOND YEAR
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR

DIPLOMA
IN
ADVANCED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 18 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

SEME- UNIT TITLE

YEAR PAPER PAPER TITLE
STER (Periods Per Semester)
DIPLOMA
IN APPLIED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS
Part A
I: Electrostatics (8)
Electromagnetic Theory &
II: Magnetostatics (8)
Modern Optics
III: Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields (7)
SEMESTER

Theory IV: Electromagnetic Waves (7)

Part A: Electromagnetic
Paper-1 Part B
III

Theory
V: Interference (8)
Part B: Physical Optics &
VI: Diffraction (8)
Lasers
VII: Polarisation (7)
VII: Lasers (7)
SECOND YEAR

Practical Demonstrative Aspects of Lab Experiment List

Paper-2 Optics & Lasers Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Part A
I: Relativity-Experimental Background (7)
Perspectives of Modern
II: Relativity-Relativistic Kinematics (8)
Physics & Basic Electronics
III: Inadequacies of Classical Mechanics (8)
SEMESTER

Theory IV: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (7)

Part A: Perspectives of
Paper-3 Part B
IV

Modern Physics
V: Transistor Biasing (7)
Part B: Basic Electronics
VI: Amplifiers (11)
VII: Feedback Circuits (6)
VIII: Oscillator Circuits (6)
Practical Basic Electronics Lab Experiment List
Paper-4 Instrumentation Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 19 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Paper: First

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010301T Course Title: Electromagnetic Theory & Modern Optics

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Better understanding of electrical and magnetic phenomenon in daily life.
2. To troubleshoot simple problems related to electrical devices.
3. Comprehend the powerful applications of ballistic galvanometer.
4. Study the fundamental physics behind reflection and refraction of light (electromagnetic waves).
5. Study the working and applications of Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometers.
6. Recognize the difference between Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
7. Comprehend the use of polarimeters.
8. Study the characteristics and uses of lasers.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Electromagnetic Theory
Electrostatics
Electric charge & charge densities, electric force between two charges. General expression for
Electric field in terms of volume charge density (divergence & curl of Electric field), general
I 8
expression for Electric potential in terms of volume charge density and Gauss law (applications
included). Study of electric dipole. Electric fields in matter, polarization, auxiliary field D (Electric
displacement), electric susceptibility and permittivity.
Magnetostatics
Electric current & current densities, magnetic force between two current elements. General
expression for Magnetic field in terms of volume current density (divergence and curl of Magnetic
II field), General expression for Magnetic potential in terms of volume current density and Ampere’s 8
circuital law (applications included). Study of magnetic dipole (Gilbert & Ampere model).
Magnetic fields in matter, magnetisation, auxiliary field H, magnetic susceptibility and
permeability.
Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields
Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law. Displacement current, equation of
III continuity and Maxwell-Ampere’s circuital law. Self and mutual induction (applications included). 7
Derivation and physical significance of Maxwell’s equations. Theory and working of moving coil
ballistic galvanometer (applications included).
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic energy density and Poynting vector. Plane electromagnetic waves in linear infinite
IV dielectrics, homogeneous & inhomogeneous plane waves and dispersive & non-dispersive media. 7
Reflection and refraction of homogeneous plane electromagnetic waves, law of reflection, Snell’s
law, Fresnel’s formulae (only for normal incidence & optical frequencies) and Stoke’s law.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 20 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

PART B
Physical Optics & Lasers
Interference
Conditions for interference and spatial & temporal coherence. Division of Wavefront - Fresnel’s
V 8
Biprism and Lloyd’s Mirror. Division of Amplitude - Parallel thin film, wedge shaped film and
Newton’s Ring experiment. Interferometer - Michelson and Fabry-Perot.
Diffraction
Distinction between interference and diffraction. Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
VI Fresnel’s Half Period Zones and Zone plate. Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit, n slits and 8
Diffracting Grating. Resolving Power of Optical Instruments - Rayleigh’s criterion and resolving
power of telescope, microscope & grating.
Polarisation
Polarisation by dichronic crystals, birefringence, Nicol prism, retardation plates and Babinet’s
VII 7
compensator. Analysis of polarized light. Optical Rotation - Fresnel’s explanation of optical
rotation and Half Shade & Biquartz polarimeters.
Lasers
Characteristics and uses of Lasers. Quantitative analysis of Spatial and Temporal coherence.
VIII 7
Conditions for Laser action and Einstein’s coefficients. Three and four level laser systems
(qualitative discussion).
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. D.J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Electrodynamics”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2002, 3e
2. E.M. Purcell, “Electricity and Magnetism (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 2”, McGraw Hill, 2017,
2e
3. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 2”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
4. D.C. Tayal, “Electricity and Magnetism”, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2019, 4e

PART B
1. Francis A. Jenkins, Harvey E. White, “Fundamentals of Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
2. Samuel Tolansky, “An Introduction to Interferometry”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1973, 2e
3. A. Ghatak, “Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 6e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)
This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects
Open to all

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 21 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 22 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Paper: Second

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010302P Course Title: Demonstrative Aspects of Optics & Lasers

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the optical properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments.
Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Fresnel Biprism: Wavelength of sodium light
2. Fresnel Biprism: Thickness of mica sheet)
3. Newton’s Rings: Wavelength of sodium light
4. Newton’s Rings: Refractive index of liquid
5. Plane Diffraction Grating: Resolving power
6. Plane Diffraction Grating: Spectrum of mercury light
7. Spectrometer: Refractive index of the material of a prism using sodium light
8. Spectrometer: Dispersive power of the material of a prism using mercury light
9. Polarimeter: Specific rotation of sugar solution
10. Wavelength of Laser light using diffraction by single slit
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189
60

1. Michelson's Interferometer
2. Michelson's Interferometer: Wavelength of laser beam
3. Newton's Rings: Wavelength of light
4. Newton's Rings: Refractive index of liquid
5. Brewster’s angle determination
6. Laser beam divergence and spot size

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=281

7. Spectrometer: Refractive index of the material of a prism

8. Spectrometer: Dispersive power of a prism
9. Spectrometer: Determination of Cauchy’s constants
10. Diffraction Grating

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 23 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.K. Agrawal, G. Jain, R. Sharma, “Practical Physics”, Krishna Prakashan Media (Pvt.) Ltd., Meerut, 2019
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189
2. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=281
3. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual Universities.
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester III, Theory Paper-1 (B010301T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

15 marks for Record File (depending upon the no. of experiments performed out of the total assigned experiments)
05 marks for Viva Voce
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 24 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Paper: Third

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010401T Course Title: Perspectives of Modern Physics & Basic Electronics

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Recognize the difference between the structure of space & time in Newtonian & Relativistic mechanics.
2. Understand the physical significance of consequences of Lorentz transformation equations.
3. Comprehend the wave-particle duality.
4. Develop an understanding of the foundational aspects of Quantum Mechanics.
5. Study the comparison between various biasing techniques.
6. Study the classification of amplifiers.
7. Comprehend the use of feedback and oscillators.
8. Comprehend the theory and working of optical fibers along with its applications.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Perspectives of Modern Physics
Relativity-Experimental Background
Structure of space & time in Newtonian mechanics and inertial & non-inertial frames. Galilean
I transformations. Newtonian relativity. Galilean transformation and Electromagnetism. Attempts to 7
locate the Absolute Frame: Michelson-Morley experiment and significance of the null result.
Einstein’s postulates of special theory of relativity.
Relativity-Relativistic Kinematics
Structure of space & time in Relativistic mechanics and derivation of Lorentz transformation
equations (4-vector formulation included). Consequences of Lorentz Transformation Equations
(derivations & examples included): Transformation of Simultaneity (Relativity of simultaneity);
II 8
Transformation of Length (Length contraction); Transformation of Time (Time dilation);
Transformation of Velocity (Relativistic velocity addition); Transformation of Acceleration;
Transformation of Mass (Variation of mass with velocity). Relation between Energy & Mass
(Einstein’s mass & energy relation) and Energy & Momentum.
Inadequacies of Classical Mechanics
Particle Properties of Waves: Spectrum of Black Body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton
III effect and their explanations based on Max Planck’s Quantum hypothesis. 8
Wave Properties of Particles: Louis de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves and their experimental
verification by Davisson-Germer’s experiment and Thomson’s experiment.
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
Matter Waves: Mathematical representation, Wavelength, Concept of Wave group, Group (particle)
IV velocity, Phase (wave) velocity and relation between Group & Phase velocities. 7
Wave Function: Functional form, Normalisation of wave function, Orthogonal & Orthonormal
wave functions and Probabilistic interpretation of wave function based on Born Rule.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 25 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

PART B
Basic Electronics
Transistor Biasing
Faithful amplification & need for biasing. Stability Factors and its calculation for transistor biasing
V circuits for CE configuration: Fixed Bias (Base Resistor Method), Emitter Bias (Fixed Bias with 7
Emitter Resistor), Collector to Base Bias (Base Bias with Collector Feedback) &, Voltage Divider
Bias. Discussion of Emitter-Follower configuration.
Amplifiers
Classification of amplifiers based on Mode of operation (Class A, B, AB, C & D), Stages (single &
multi stage, cascade & cascode connections), Coupling methods (RC, Transformer, Direct & LC
couplings), Nature of amplification (Voltage & Power amplification) and Frequency capabilities
(AF, IF, RF & VF).
VI 11
Theory & working of RC coupled voltage amplifier (Uses of various resistors & capacitors, and
Frequency response) and Transformer coupled power amplifier (calculation of Power, Effect of
temperature, Use of heat sink & Power dissipation).
Calculation of Amplifier Efficiency (power efficiency) for Class A Series-Fed, Class A
Transformer Coupled, Class B Series-Fed and Class B Transformer Coupled amplifiers.
Feedback Circuits
Feedback Circuits: Effects of positive and negative feedback. Voltage Series, Voltage Shunt,
Current Series and Current Shunt feedback connection types and their uses for specific amplifiers.
Estimation of Input Impedance, Output Impedance, Gain, Stability, Distortion, Noise and Band
Width for Voltage Series negative feedback and their comparison between different negative
VII 6
feedback connection types.

Oscillator Circuits
Oscillator Circuits: Use of positive feedback for oscillator operation. Barkhausen criterion for self-
VIII 6
sustained oscillations. Feedback factor and frequency of oscillation for RC Phase Shift oscillator
and Wein Bridge oscillator. Qualitative discussion of Reactive Network feedback oscillators (Tuned
oscillator circuits): Hartley & Colpitt oscillators.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. A. Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, “Concepts of Modern Physics: Special Indian Edition”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 6e
2. John R. Taylor, Chris D. Zafiratos, Michael A.Dubson, “Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers”,
Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2003, 2e
3. R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, and C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd, 2004, 3e
4. R. Resnick, “Introduction to Special Relativity”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2007
5. R. Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 26 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
PART B
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2010, 3e
6. John Wilson, John Hawkes, “Optoelectronics: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2018, 3e
7. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Open to all

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 27 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Paper: Fourth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010402P Course Title: Basic Electronics Instrumentation

Course Outcomes (COs)

Basic Electronics instrumentation has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the components /
instruments are used to study and determine the electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is
achieved through Lab Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and
provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Transistor Bias Stability
2. Comparative Study of CE, CB and CC amplifier
3. Clippers and Clampers
4. Study of Emitter Follower
5. Frequency response of single stage RC coupled amplifier
6. Frequency response of single stage Transformer coupled amplifier
7. Effect of negative feedback on frequency response of RC coupled amplifier
8. Study of Schmitt Trigger
9. Study of Hartley oscillator
10. Study of Wein Bridge oscillator
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/psac/#
60

1. Diode as Clippers
2. Diode as Clampers
3. BJT as switch and Load Lines

Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India

http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#

4. RC frequency response

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=201

5. Hartley oscillator
6. Colpitt oscillator

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 28 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Suggested Readings
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2015,
11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2010, 3e
6. John Wilson, John Hawkes, “Optoelectronics: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2018, 3e
7. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be suggested /
added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/psac/#
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#
3. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=201
4. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=269
5. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual
Universities.
Course Prerequisites
Opted / Passed Semester IV, Theory Paper-1 (B010401T)
This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects
Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Zoology
Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods
15 marks for Record File (depending upon the no. of experiments performed out
of the total assigned experiments) 05 marks for Viva Voce
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 29 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

THIRD YEAR
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR

DEGREE
IN
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 30 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

SEME- UNIT TITLE

YEAR PAPER PAPER TITLE
STER (Periods Per Semester)
DEGREE
IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Part A
Classical & Statistical
I: Constrained Motion (6)
Mechanics
II: Lagrangian Formalism (9)
III: Hamiltonian Formalism (8)
Part A: Introduction to
Theory IV: Central Force (7)
Classical Mechanics
Paper-1 Part B
Part B: Introduction to
V: Macrostate & Microstate (6)
Statistical Mechanics
VI: Concept of Ensemble (6)
VII: Distribution Laws (10)
VIII: Applications of Statistical Distribution Laws (8)
SEMESTE

Part A
RV

I: Operator Formalism (8)

Quantum Mechanics &
II: Eigen & Expectation Values (9)
Spectroscopy
III: Uncertainty Principle & (7)
Theory IV: Schrodinger Equation and its Applications (6)
Part A: Introduction to
Paper-2 Part B
Quantum Mechanics
Part B: Introduction to V: Vector Atomic Model (10)
Spectroscopy VI: Spectra of Alkali & Alkaline Elements (6)
VII: X-Rays & X-Ray Spectra (7)
VIII: Molecular Spectra (7)
Practical Demonstrative Aspects of Lab Experiment List
THIRD
YEAR

Paper-3 Electricity & Magnetism Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link

Part A
I: Crystal Structure (7)
Solid State & Nuclear
II: Crystal Diffraction (7)
Physics
III: Crystal Bindings (7)
Theory IV: Lattice Vibrations (9)
Part A: Introduction to Solid
Paper-4 Part B
State Physics
V: Nuclear Forces & Radioactive Decays (9)
Part B: Introduction to Nuclear
VI: Nuclear Models & Nuclear Reactions (9)
Physics
VII: Accelerators & Detectors (6)
SEMESTE

VIII: Elementary Particles (6)

Part A
R VI

I: Semiconductor Junction (9)

Analog & Digital Principles II: Transistor Modeling (8)
& Applications III: Field Effect Transistors (8)
Theory IV: Other Devices (5)
Paper-5 Part A: Analog Electronic Part B
Circuits V: Number System (6)
Part B: Digital Electronics VI: Binary Arithmetic (5)
VII: Logic Gates (9)
VIII: Combinational & Sequential Circuits (10)
Practical Lab Experiment List
Analog & Digital Circuits
Paper-6 Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 31 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Paper: First

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010501T Course Title: Classical & Statistical Mechanics

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Understand the concepts of generalized coordinates and D’Alembert’s principle.

2. Understand the Lagrangian dynamics and the importance of cyclic coordinates.
3. Comprehend the difference between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics.
4. Study the important features of central force and its application in Kepler’s problem.
5. Recognize the difference between macrostate and microstate.
6. Comprehend the concept of ensembles.
7. Understand the classical and quantum statistical distribution laws.
8. Study the applications of statistical distribution laws.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Introduction to Classical Mechanics
Constrained Motion
Constraints - Definition, Classification and Examples. Degrees of Freedom and Configuration
I space. Constrained system, Forces of constraint and Constrained motion. Generalised coordinates, 6
Transformation equations and Generalised notations & relations. Principle of Virtual work and
D’Alembert’s principle.
Lagrangian Formalism
Lagrangian for conservative & non-conservative systems, Lagrange’s equation of motion (no
II derivation), Comparison of Newtonian & Lagrangian formulations, Cyclic coordinates, and 9
Conservation laws (with proofs and properties of kinetic energy function included). Simple
examples based on Lagrangian formulation.
Hamiltonian Formalism
Phase space, Hamiltonian for conservative & non-conservative systems, Physical significance of
III Hamiltonian, Hamilton’s equation of motion (no derivation), Comparison of Lagrangian & 8
Hamiltonian formulations, Cyclic coordinates, and Construction of Hamiltonian from Lagrangian.
Simple examples based on Hamiltonian formulation.
Central Force
Definition and properties (with prove) of central force. Equation of motion and differential equation
IV of orbit. Bound & unbound orbits, stable & non-stable orbits, closed & open orbits and Bertrand’s 7
theorem. Motion under inverse square law of force and derivation of Kepler’s laws. Laplace-Runge-
Lenz vector (Runge-Lenz vector) and its applications.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 32 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
PART B
Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
Macrostate & Microstate
Macrostate, Microstate, Number of accessible microstates and Postulate of equal a priori. Phase
V 6
space, Phase trajectory, Volume element in phase space, Quantisation of phase space and number of
accessible microstates for free particle in 1D, free particle in 3D & harmonic oscillator in 1D.
Concept of Ensemble
Problem with time average, concept of ensemble, postulate of ensemble average and Liouville’s
VI 6
theorem (proof included). Micro Canonical, Canonical & Grand Canonical ensembles.
Thermodynamic Probability, Postulate of Equilibrium and Boltzmann Entropy relation.
Distribution Laws
Statistical Distribution Laws: Expressions for number of accessible microstates, probability &
number of particles in ith state at equilibrium for Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein & Fermi-
VII Dirac statistics. Comparison of statistical distribution laws and their physical significance. 10
Canonical Distribution Law: Boltzmann’s Canonical Distribution Law, Boltzmann’s Partition
Function, Proof of Equipartition Theorem (Law of Equipartition of energy) and relation between
Partition function and Thermodynamic potentials.
Applications of Statistical Distribution Laws
Application of Bose-Einstein Distribution Law: Photons in a black body cavity and derivation of
Planck’s Distribution Law.
VIII 8
Application of Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law: Free electrons in a metal, Definition of Fermi energy,
Determination of Fermi energy at absolute zero, Kinetic energy of Fermi gas at absolute zero and
concept of Density of States (Density of Orbitals).
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John L. Safko, “Classical Mechanics”, Pearson Education, India, 2011, 3e
2. N.C. Rana, P.S. Joag, “Classical Mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. R.G. Takwale, P.S. Puranik, “Introduction to Classical Mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 2017

PART B
1. F. Reif, “Statistical Physics (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 5”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 1e
2. B.B. Laud, “Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics”, New Age International Private Limited, 2020, 2e
3. B.K. Agarwal, M. Eisner, “Statistical Mechanics”, New Age International Private Limited, 2007, 2e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 33 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects
Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 34 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Paper: Second

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010502T Course Title: Quantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Understand the significance of operator formalism in Quantum mechanics.

2. Study the eigen and expectation value methods.
3. Understand the basis and interpretation of Uncertainty principle.
4. Develop the technique of solving Schrodinger equation for 1D and 3D problems.
5. Comprehend the success of Vector atomic model in the theory of Atomic spectra.
6. Study the different aspects of spectra of Group I & II elements.
7. Study the production and applications of X-rays.
8. Develop an understanding of the fundamental aspects of Molecular spectra.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
Operator Formalism
Operators: Review of matrix algebra, definition of an operator, special operators, operator algebra
and operators corresponding to various physical-dynamical variables.
I 8
Commutators: Definition, commutator algebra and commutation relations among position, linear
momentum & angular momentum and energy & time. Simple problems based on commutation
relations.
Eigen & Expectation Values
Eigen & Expectation Values: Eigen equation for an operator, eigen state (value) and eigen
functions. Linear superposition of eigen functions and Non-degenerate & Degenerate eigen states.
II 9
Expectation value pertaining to an operator and its physical interpretation.
Hermitian Operators: Definition, properties and applications. Prove of the hermitian nature of
various physical-dynamical operators.
Uncertainty Principle
Uncertainty Principle: Commutativity & simultaneity (theorems with proofs). Non commutativity
of operators as the basis for uncertainty principle and derivation of general form of uncertainty
principle through Schwarz inequality. Uncertainty principle for various conjugate pairs of physical-
III 7
dynamical parameters and its applications.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 35 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Schrodinger Equation & its Applications

Schrodinger Equation: Derivation of time independent & time dependent forms, Schrodinger
equation as an eigen equation, Deviation & interpretation of equation of continuity in Schrodinger
IV representation, and Equation of motion of an operator in Schrodinger representation. 6
Application to 1D Problems: Infinite Square well potential (Particle in 1D box), Finite Square well
potential, Potential step, Rectangular potential barrier and 1D Harmonic oscillator.

PART B
Introduction to Spectroscopy

Vector Atomic Model

Inadequacies of Bohr and Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic models w.r.t. spectrum of Hydrogen atom (fine
V structure of H-alpha line). Modification due to finite mass of nucleus and Deuteron spectrum. 10
Vector atomic model (Stern-Gerlach experiment included) and physical & geometrical
interpretations of various quantum numbers for single & many valence electron systems. LS & jj
couplings, spectroscopic notation for energy states, selection rules for transition of electrons and
intensity rules for spectral lines. Fine structure of H-alpha line on the basis of vector atomic model.
Spectra of Alkali & Alkaline Elements
Spectra of alkali elements: Screening constants for s, p, d & f orbitals; sharp, principle, diffuse &
VI 6
fundamental series; doublet structure of spectra and fine structure of Sodium D line.
Spectra of alkaline elements: Singlet and triplet structure of spectra.
X-Rays & X-Ray Spectra
Nature & production, Continuous X-ray spectrum & Duane-Hunt’s law, Characteristic X-ray
VII 7
spectrum & Mosley’s law, Fine structure of Characteristic X-ray spectrum, and X-ray absorption
spectrum.
Molecular Spectra
Discrete set of energies of a molecule, electronic, vibrational and rotational energies. Quantisation
of vibrational energies, transition rules and pure vibrational spectra. Quantisation of rotational
VIII 7
energies, transition rules, pure rotational spectra and determination of inter nuclear distance.
Rotational-Vibrational spectra; transition rules; fundamental band & hot band; O, P, Q, R, S
branches.

Suggested Readings
PART A
1. D.J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics”, Pearson Education, India, 2004, 2e
2. E. Wichmann, “Quantum Physics (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 4”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 3”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
4. R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e
PART B
1. H.E. White, “Introduction to Atomic Spectra”, McGraw Hill, 1934
2. C.N. Banwell, E.M. McCash, “Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
3. R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, R.C. Sharma, “Elements of Spectroscopy”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2015, 27e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 36 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
nal Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
sera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical science and engineering/physics and
https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
Open Course Ware Massachusetts Institute of Technology https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics
,
Passed Semester IV, Theory Paper-1 (B010401T)Further Suggestions
her Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / ad
This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects
spective lists by individual Universities.
End Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (unit
nd Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 37 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Semester: Third

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010503P Course Title: Demonstrative Aspects of Electricity & Magnetism

Course Outcomes (COs)

Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the electric and magnetic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.

Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List

1. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of single coil

2. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of Helmholtz coil
3. Ballistic Galvanometer: Ballistic constant, current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity
4. Ballistic Galvanometer: High resistance by Leakage method
5. Ballistic Galvanometer: Low resistance by Kelvin’s double bridge method
6. Ballistic Galvanometer: Self inductance of a coil by Rayleigh’s method
7. Ballistic Galvanometer: Comparison of capacitances
8. Carey Foster Bridge: Resistance per unit length and low resistance
9. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer: Magnetic moment of a magnet and horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field
10. Earth Inductor: Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
60
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192

1. Tangent galvanometer
2. Magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current
3. Deflection magnetometer
4. Van de Graaff generator
5. Barkhausen effect
6. Temperature coefficient of resistance
7. Anderson's bridge
8. Quincke's method

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 38 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Suggested Readings
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962, 9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.K. Agrawal, G. Jain, R. Sharma, “Practical Physics”, Krishna Prakashan Media (Pvt.) Ltd., Meerut, 2019
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192
2. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual Universities.

Course Prerequisites
Opted / Passed Semester III, Theory Paper-1 (B010501T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Zoology

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

15 marks for Record File (depending upon the no. of experiments performed out of the total assigned experiments)
05 marks for Viva Voce
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

Further Suggestions
 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 39 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Paper: Fourth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010601T Course Title: Solid State & Nuclear Physics

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Understand the crystal geometry w.r.t. symmetry operations.

2. Comprehend the power of X-ray diffraction and the concept of reciprocal lattice.
3. Study various properties based on crystal bindings.
4. Recognize the importance of Free Electron & Band theories in understanding the crystal properties.
5. Study the salient features of nuclear forces & radioactive decays.
6. Understand the importance of nuclear models & nuclear reactions.
7. Comprehend the working and applications of nuclear accelerators and detectors.
8. Understand the classification and properties of basic building blocks of nature.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Introduction to Solid State Physics
Crystal Structure
Lattice, Basis & Crystal structure. Lattice translation vectors, Primitive & non-primitive cells.
I Symmetry operations, Point group & Space group. 2D & 3D Bravais lattice. Parameters of cubic 7
lattices. Lattice planes and Miller indices. Simple crystal structures - HCP & FCC, Diamond, Cubic
Zinc Sulphide, Sodium Chloride, Cesium Chloride and Glasses.
Crystal Diffraction
X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law. Experimental diffraction methods - Laue, Rotating crystal and
Powder methods. Derivation of scattered wave amplitude. Reciprocal lattice, Reciprocal lattice
II 7
vectors and relation between Direct & Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction conditions, Ewald’s method
and Brillouin zones. Reciprocal lattice to SC, BCC & FCC lattices. Atomic Form factor and Crystal
Structure factor.
Crystal Bindings
Classification of Crystals on the Basis of Bonding - Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, van der Waals
(Molecular) and Hydrogen bonded. Crystals of inert gases, Attractive interaction (van der Waals-
III 7
London) & Repulsive interaction, Equilibrium lattice constant, Cohesive energy and
Compressibility & Bulk modulus. Ionic crystals, Cohesive energy, Madelung energy and evaluation
of Madelung constant.

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PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Lattice Vibrations
Lattice Vibrations: Lattice vibrations for linear mono & di atomic chains, Dispersion relations and
Acoustical & Optical branches (qualitative treatment). Qualitative description of Phonons in solids.
Lattice heat capacity, Dulong-Petit’s law and Einstein’s theory of lattice heat capacity.
IV 9
Free Electron Theory: Fermi energy, Density of states, Heat capacity of conduction electrons,
Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons and Hall effect in metals.
Band Theory: Origin of band theory, Qualitative idea of Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penney model,
Effectice mass of an electron & Concept of Holes & Classification of solids on the basis of band theory.
PART B
Introduction to Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Forces & Radioactive Decays
General Properties of Nucleus: Mass, binding energy, radii, density, angular momentum, magnetic
dipole moment vector and electric quadrupole moment tensor.
V Nuclear Forces: General characteristic of nuclear force and Deuteron ground state properties. 9
Radioactive Decays: Nuclear stability, basic ideas about beta minus decay, beta plus decay, alpha
decay, gamma decay & electron capture, fundamental laws of radioactive disintegration and
radioactive series.
Nuclear Models & Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model and Bethe-Weizsacker mass formula. Single particle shell
VI model (the level scheme in the context of reproduction of magic numbers included). 9
Nuclear Reactions: Bethe’s notation, types of nuclear reaction, Conservation laws, Cross-section of
nuclear reaction, Theory of nuclear fission (qualitative), Nuclear reactors and Nuclear fusion.
Accelerators & Detectors
Accelerators: Theory, working and applications of Van de Graaff accelerator, Cyclotron and
VII Synchrotron. 6
Detectors: Theory, working and applications of GM counter, Semiconductor detector, Scintillation
counter and Wilson cloud chamber.
Elementary Particles
Fundamental interactions & their mediating quanta. Concept of antiparticles. Classification of
elementary particles based on intrinsic-spin, mass, interaction & lifetime. Families of Leptons,
VIII 6
Mesons, Baryons & Baryon Resonances. Conservation laws for mass-energy, linear momentum,
angular momentum, electric charge, baryonic charge, leptonic charge, isospin & strangeness.
Concept of Quark model.
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. Charles Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2012, 8e
2. A.J. Dekker, “Solid State Physics”, Macmillan India Limited, 1993
3. R.K. Puri, V.K. Babbar, “Solid State Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2015
PART B
1. Kenneth S. Krane, “Introductory Nuclear Physics”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2008
2. Bernard L. Cohen, “Concepts of Nuclear Physics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. S.N. Ghoshal, “Nuclear Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 41 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester V, Theory Paper-2 (B010502T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 42 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Paper: Fifth

Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010602T Course Title: Analog & Digital Principles & Applications

Course Outcomes (COs)

1. Study the drift and diffusion of charge carriers in a semiconductor.
2. Understand the Two-Port model of a transistor.
3. Study the working, properties and uses of FETs.
4. Comprehend the design and operations of SCRs and UJTs.
5. Understand various number systems and binary codes.
6. Familiarize with binary arithmetic.
7. Study the working and properties of various logic gates.
8. Comprehend the design of combinational and sequential circuits.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
PART A
Analog Electronic Circuits
Semiconductor Junction
Expressions for Fermi energy, Electron density in conduction band, Hole density in valence band,
Drift of charge carriers (mobility & conductivity), Diffusion of charge carries and Life time of
I charge carries in a semiconductor. Work function in metals and semiconductors. 9
Expressions for Barrier potential, Barrier width and Junction capacitance (diffusion & transition)
for depletion layer in a PN junction. Expressions for Current (diode equation) and Dynamic
resistance for PN junction.
Transistor Modeling
Transistor as Two-Port Network. Notation for dc & ac components of voltage & current.
Quantitative discussion of Z, Y & h parameters and their equivalent two-generator model circuits.
II 8
h-parameters for CB, CE & CC configurations. Analysis of transistor amplifier using the hybrid
equivalent model and estimation of Input Impedance, Output Impedance and Gain (current, voltage
& power).
Field Effect Transistors
JFET: Construction (N channel & P channel); Configuration (CS, CD & CG); Operation in different
regions (Ohmic or Linear, Saturated or Active or Pinch off & Break down); Important Terms
(Shorted Gate Drain Current, Pinch Off Voltage & Gate Source Cut-Off Voltage); Expression for
Drain Current (Shockley equation); Characteristics (Drain & Transfer); Parameters (Drain
III Resistance, Mutual Conductance or Transconductance & Amplification Factor); Biasing w.r.t. CS 8
configuration (Self Bias & Voltage Divider Bias); Amplifiers (CS & CD or Source Follower);
Comparison (N & P channels and BJTs & JFETs).
MOSFET: Construction and Working of DE-MOSFET (N channel & P channel) and E-MOSFET
(N channel & P channel); Characteristics (Drain & Transfer) of DE-MOSFET and E-MOSFET;
Comparison of JFFET and MOSFET.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 43 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Other Devices
SCR: Construction; Equivalent Circuits (Two Diodes, Two Transistors & One Diode-One
Transistor); Working (Off state & On state); Characteristics; Applications (Static switch, Phase
IV control system & Battery charger). 5
UJT: Construction; Equivalent Circuit; Working (Cutoff, Negative Resistance & Saturation
regions); Characteristics (Peak & Valley points); Applications (Trigger circuits, Relaxation
oscillators & Sawtooth generators).
PART B
Digital Electronics
Number System
Number Systems: Binary, Octal, Decimal & Hexadecimal number systems and their inter
V conversion. 6
Binary Codes: BCD, Excess-3 (XS3), Parity, Gray, ASCII & EBCDIC Codes and their advantages
& disadvantages. Data representation.
Binary Arithmetic
VI Binary Addition, Decimal Subtraction using 9’s & 10’s complement, Binary Subtraction using 1’s 5
& 2’s compliment, Multiplication and Division.
Logic Gates
Truth Table, Symbolic Representation and Properties of OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR &
VII EX-NOR Gates. Implementation of OR, AND & NOT gates (realization using diodes & transistor). 9
De Morgan’s theorems. NOR & NAND gates as Universal Gates. Application of EX-OR & EX-
NOR gates as pairty checker. Boolean Algebra. Karnaugh Map.
Combinational & Sequential Circuits
Combinational Circuits: Half Adder, Full Adder, Parallel Adder, Half Substractor, Full Substractor.
VIII Data Processing Circuits: Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Decoders & Encoders. 10
Sequential Circuits: SR, JK & D Flip-Flops, Shift Register (transfer operation of Flip-Flops), and
Asynchronous & Synchronous counters.
Suggested Readings

PART A
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

PART B
1. D. Leach, A. Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”, McGraw Hill, 2010, 7e
2. William H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, Prentice-Hall of India
Private Limited, 1982, 2e
3. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 4e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 44 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/

2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester IV, Theory Paper-1 (B010401T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Open to all

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

20 marks for Test / Quiz / Assignment / Seminar
05 marks for Class Interaction
Suggested Equivalent Online Courses
1. Swayam - Government of India, https://swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Physics
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/browse/physical-science-and-engineering/physics-and-astronomy
4. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/physics
5. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/
Further Suggestions
 Other Digital Platforms / Web Links and Equivalent Online Courses may be suggested / added to the
respective lists by individual Universities.
 In End-Semester University Examinations, equal weightage should be given to Part A (units I to IV)
and Part B (units V to VIII) while framing the questions.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 45 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Paper: Sixth

Subject: Physics

Course Code: B010603P Course Title: Analog & Digital Circuits

Course Outcomes (COs)

Analog & digital circuits have the most striking impact on the industry wherever the electronics instruments are
used to study and determine the electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through
Lab Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.

Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 35

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

No. of
Unit Topics
Lectures
Lab Experiment List

1. Energy band gap of semiconductor by reverse saturation current method

2. Energy band gap of semiconductor by four probe method
3. Hybrid parameters of transistor
4. Characteristics of FET, MOSFET, SCR, UJT
5. FET Conventional Amplifier
6. FET as VVR and VCA
7. Study and Verification of AND gate using TTL IC 7408
8. Study and Verification of OR gate using TTL IC 7432
9. Study and Verification of NAND gate and use as Universal gate using TTL IC 7400
10. Study and Verification of NOR gate and use as Universal gate using TTL IC 7402
60
11. Study and Verification of NOT gate using TTL IC 7404
12. Study and Verification of Ex-OR gate using TTL IC 7486

Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link

Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India

http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/ssd/#

1. ID-VD characteristics of Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)

2. Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) characteristics
3. Unijunction Transistor (UJT) and relaxation oscillator

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 46 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India

https://de-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html

4. Verification and interpretation of truth table for AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR, Ex-
NOR gates
5. Construction of half and full adder using XOR and NAND gates and verification of its
operation
6. To study and verify half and full subtractor
7. Realization of logic functions with the help of Universal Gates (NAND, NOR)
8. Construction of a NOR gate latch and verification of its operation
9. Verify the truth table of RS, JK, T and D Flip Flops using NAND and NOR gates
10. Design and Verify the 4-Bit Serial In - Parallel Out Shift Registers
11. Implementation and verification of decoder or demultiplexer and encoder using logic gates
12. Implementation of 4x1 multiplexer and 1x4 demultiplexer using logic gates
13. Design and verify the 4-Bit Synchronous or Asynchronous Counter using JK Flip Flop
14. Verify Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary conversion using NAND gates only
15. Verify the truth table of 1-Bit and 2-Bit comparator using logic gates
Suggested Readings
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e
6. D. Leach, A. Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”, McGraw Hill, 2010, 7e
7. William H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, Prentice-Hall of India
Private Limited, 1982, 2e
8. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 4e

Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be

suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/ssd/#
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, https://de-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html
3. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual Universities.
Course Prerequisites
Opted / Passed Semester VI, Theory Paper-2 (B010602T)

This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects

Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics

Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Methods

15 marks for Record File (depending upon the no. of experiments performed out of the total assigned experiments)
05 marks for Viva Voce
05 marks for Class Interaction

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 47 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Suggested Equivalent Online Courses

Further Suggestions

 The institution may add / modify / change the experiments of the same standard in the subject.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Lab Experiment List.
 The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each student per
semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

UG Physics Syllabus {Page 48 of 48}

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

https://
www.c
oursera
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UG Physics Syllabus {Page 49 of 48}