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Software Engineering - Lecture 4 - System Models

System modeling involves developing graphical models to represent different views of a system using techniques like the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Models help analysts understand system functionality and communicate with customers. There are existing models of current systems and planned models of new systems, using perspectives like external/contextual, interaction, structural, and behavioral. Common UML diagram types are class, use case, sequence, activity, and state diagrams.

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53 views

Software Engineering - Lecture 4 - System Models

System modeling involves developing graphical models to represent different views of a system using techniques like the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Models help analysts understand system functionality and communicate with customers. There are existing models of current systems and planned models of new systems, using perspectives like external/contextual, interaction, structural, and behavioral. Common UML diagram types are class, use case, sequence, activity, and state diagrams.

Uploaded by

Nevein Abdo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Software Engineering

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Professor
Faculty of Computers and Information
Helwan University

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

System modeling
➢ System modeling is the process of developing abstract models of a
system, with each model presenting a different view or perspective
of that system.

➢ System modeling has now come to mean representing a system


using graphical notation, which is now almost always based on
notations in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

➢ System modelling helps the analyst to understand the functionality


of the system and models are used to communicate with
customers.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Existing and planned system models


➢ Models of the existing system
• used during requirements engineering.
• help to clarify what the existing system does and can be used
as a basis for discussing its strengths and weaknesses.
• lead to requirements for the new system.

➢ Models of the new system


• used during requirements engineering
• help to explain the proposed requirements to other system
stakeholders.
• Engineers use these models to discuss design proposals and
to document the system for implementation.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

System perspectives
➢ An external perspective,
where you model the context or environment of the system.

➢ An interaction perspective,
where you model the interactions between a system and its environment,
or between the components of a system.

➢ A structural perspective,
where you model the organization of a system or the structure of the
data that is processed by the system.

➢ A behavioral perspective,
where you model the dynamic behavior of the system and how it
responds to events.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

UML diagram types


➢ Class diagrams, which show the object classes in the system and the
associations between these classes.

➢ Use case diagrams, which show the interactions between a system and
its environment.

➢ Sequence diagrams, which show interactions between actors and the


system and between system components.

➢ Activity diagrams, which show the activities involved in a process or in


data processing .

➢ State diagrams, which show how the system reacts to internal and
external events.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Use of graphical models

➢ As a means of facilitating discussion about an


existing or proposed system

➢ As a way of documenting an existing system

➢ As a detailed system description that can be used to


generate a system implementation

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Types of System Models

➢ Context models

➢ Interaction models

➢ Structural models

➢ Behavioral models

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Context models
used to illustrate the operational context of a system - they
show what lies outside the system boundaries.

➢ Social and organisational concerns may affect the decision on


where to position system boundaries.

➢ Architectural models show the system and its relationship with


other systems.

➢ Context models simply show the other systems in the


environment, not how the system being developed is used in
that environment.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Process perspective

Process models reveal how the system being developed


is used in broader business processes.

➢ UML activity diagrams may be used to define


business process models.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Interaction models
➢ Modeling user interaction is important as it helps to
identify user requirements.

➢ Modeling system-to-system interaction highlights the


communication problems that may arise.

➢ Modeling component interaction helps us understand if a


proposed system structure is likely to deliver the required
system performance and dependability.

➢ Use case diagrams and sequence diagrams may be used for


interaction modelling.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Use case modeling


➢ Use cases were developed originally to support
requirements elicitation and now incorporated into the
UML.

➢ Each use case represents a discrete task that involves


external interaction with a system.

➢ Actors in a use case may be people or other systems.

➢ Represented diagrammatically to provide an overview of


the use case and in a more detailed textual form.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Use cases represent the role of


‘Medical Receptionist’

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Sequence diagrams
➢ Sequence diagrams are part of the UML and are used to
model the interactions between the actors and the objects
within a system.

➢ A sequence diagram shows the sequence of interactions


that take place during a particular use case or use case
instance.

➢ The objects and actors involved are listed along the top of
the diagram, with a dotted line drawn vertically from
these.

➢ Interactions between objects are indicated by annotated


arrows.
Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber
Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Sequence diagram for View patient information

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Structural models
➢ Structural models of software display the organization of a
system in terms of the components that make up that
system and their relationships.

➢ Structural models may be static models, which show the


structure of the system design, or dynamic models, which
show the organization of the system when it is executing.

➢ You create structural models of a system when you are


discussing and designing the system architecture.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Class diagrams
➢ Class diagrams are used when developing an object-oriented
system model to show the classes in a system and the
associations between these classes.

➢ An object class can be thought of as a general definition of one


kind of system object.

➢ An association is a link between classes that indicates that there


is some relationship between these classes.

➢ When you are developing models during the early stages of the
software engineering process, objects represent something in
the real world, such as a patient, a prescription, doctor, etc.

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Software Engineering

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber


Software Engineering Lecture 4: System Models

Dr. Sayed AbdelGaber

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