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Displacement of Beam

This document discusses beam deflection theory and provides formulas to calculate the deflection (y) and slope (θ) for various beam configurations including: 1) A cantilever beam with a point load at the free end 2) A cantilever beam with a uniformly distributed load 3) A simply supported beam with a point load at the middle 4) A simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load The document derives equations relating the bending moment (M), modulus of elasticity (E), second moment of area (I), and radius of curvature (R) and applies these to determine deflection and slope formulas for the standard beam cases.

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38 views14 pages

Displacement of Beam

This document discusses beam deflection theory and provides formulas to calculate the deflection (y) and slope (θ) for various beam configurations including: 1) A cantilever beam with a point load at the free end 2) A cantilever beam with a uniformly distributed load 3) A simply supported beam with a point load at the middle 4) A simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load The document derives equations relating the bending moment (M), modulus of elasticity (E), second moment of area (I), and radius of curvature (R) and applies these to determine deflection and slope formulas for the standard beam cases.

Uploaded by

Abcd Pqrs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

GENERAL THEORY
• When a beam bends it takes up various shapes such as that illustrated in figure
The shape may be superimposed on an x – y graph with the origin at the left
end of the beam (before it is loaded). At any distance x meters from the left end,
the beam will have a deflection y and a gradient or slope dy/dx and it is these
that we are concerned with in this tutorial.
• We have already examined the equation relating bending moment and radius of
M E
curvature in a beam, namely =
I R
• M is the bending moment.
• I is the second moment of area about the centroid.
• E is the modulus of elasticity and
• R is the radius of curvature.
M 1
• Rearranging we have IE = R
• Figure 1 illustrates the radius of curvature
which is defined as the radius of a circle
that has a tangent the same as the point on
the x-y graph.

• Mathematically it can be shown that any


curve plotted on x - y graph has a radius
of curvature of defined as
𝑑2 𝑦
1 𝑑𝑥2
= 3
𝑅 𝑑𝑦
[1+𝑑𝑥]2
• In beams, R is very large and the equation may be simplified without loss of
accuracy to
1 𝑑2 𝑥
=
R 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑2𝑥 M
=
𝑑𝑦 2 IE
𝑑2𝑥
M = EI
𝑑𝑦 2
• The product EI is called the flexural stiffness of the beam.

• In order to solve the slope (dy/dx) or the deflection (y) at any point on the
beam, an equation for M in terms of position x must be substituted into equation
(1A). We will now examine this for the 4 standard cases.
 A cantilever beam with a point load at the end.
 A cantilever beam with a uniformly distributed load.
 A simply supported beam with a point load at the middle.
 A simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load.
• CANTILEVER WITH POINT
LOAD AT FREE END

• Deflection at free end


𝑤𝑙 3
y=
3𝐸𝐼
• Slope at free end
𝑤𝑙 2
θ=
2𝐸𝐼
• CANTILEVER WITH A
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

• Deflection at free end


𝑤𝑙 4
y=
8𝐸𝐼
• Slope at free end
𝑤𝑙 3
θ=
6𝐸𝐼
• Cantilever Beam – eccentric load P at
any point

• Deflection at free end


𝑤𝑎2
Y= (3𝑙 − 𝑥)
6𝐸𝐼
• Slope at free end
𝑤𝑎2
θ=
2𝐸𝐼
• Cantilever Beam – Couple moment M at
the free end

• Deflection at free end


𝑀𝑙 2
Y=
2𝐸𝐼
• Slope at free end
𝑀𝑙
θ=
𝐸𝐼
• SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
WITH POINT LOAD IN MIDDLE

• Deflection at free end


𝑤𝑙 3
y=
48𝐸𝐼
• Slope at free end
𝑤𝑙 2
θ=
16𝐸𝐼
• SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
WITH A UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTED LOAD

• Deflection at free end


5𝑤𝑙 4
y=
348𝐸𝐼
• Slope at free end
𝑤𝑙 3
θ=
24𝐸𝐼
• Beam Simply Supported at Ends –
Couple moment M at the right end

• Slope at free end


𝑤𝑙
θ1 =
6𝐸𝐼
𝑤𝑙
θ2 =
3𝐸𝐼
• Deflection at free end
𝑀𝑙 2
y=
16𝐸𝐼
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil Engineering

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