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    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Collage of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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    ABENEZER EPHREM
    The document describes an experiment to measure resistor values using different methods and measure current and voltage in a circuit. A group of students measured the values of 4 resistors using color codes, a multimeter, and Ohm's law calculations. Their results showed less than 2% deviation from nominal values. They also varied voltage across a 1W resistor from 6-14V, measuring resistance and power dissipation. As voltage increased, power increased non-linearly since the resistor exceeded its power rating.

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    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Collage of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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    ABENEZER EPHREM
    85 views6 pages
    The document describes an experiment to measure resistor values using different methods and measure current and voltage in a circuit. A group of students measured the values of 4 resistors using color codes, a multimeter, and Ohm's law calculations. Their results showed less than 2% deviation from nominal values. They also varied voltage across a 1W resistor from 6-14V, measuring resistance and power dissipation. As voltage increased, power increased non-linearly since the resistor exceeded its power rating.

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    The document describes an experiment to measure resistor values using different methods and measure current and voltage in a circuit. A group of students measured the values of 4 resistors using color codes, a multimeter, and Ohm's law calculations. Their results showed less than 2% deviation from nominal values. They also varied voltage across a 1W resistor from 6-14V, measuring resistance and power dissipation. As voltage increased, power increased non-linearly since the resistor exceeded its power rating.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    85 views6 pages

    Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Collage of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

    Uploaded by

    ABENEZER EPHREM
    The document describes an experiment to measure resistor values using different methods and measure current and voltage in a circuit. A group of students measured the values of 4 resistors using color codes, a multimeter, and Ohm's law calculations. Their results showed less than 2% deviation from nominal values. They also varied voltage across a 1W resistor from 6-14V, measuring resistance and power dissipation. As voltage increased, power increased non-linearly since the resistor exceeded its power rating.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

    COLLAGE OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER


    ENGINEERING

    COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

    COURSE CODE :ECEg 2021

    EXPERIMENT#1: Measuring Resistor, Current and Voltage

    GROUP MEMBER ID

    1,ABDULBASIT HAMID ETS 0010/13


    2,ABENEZER EPHREM ETS 0049/13
    3,ABENEZER FELEKE ETS 0050/13
    4,ABENEZER YONAS ETS 0061/13
    5,ABRAHAM SHIMELS ETS 0070/13

    SUBMITTED TO:
    SUBMISSION DATE:02,AUG,2022
    Experiment 1: Measuring Resistor, Current and Voltage
    Objective:

    1. To determine the value of a selection of resistors using three different methods:

    a. Using the color code (to give the nominal value)

    b. Using digital Ohmmeter

    c. Using Ohms law

    2. To determine the effect of increased power dissipation on carbon resistor

    3. To recognize how to measure a current in a circuit

    4. To be familiar with how to measure voltage using volt meter

    Apparatus:

     DC power Supply

     Digital multi meter (DMM)

     Jumper (wire)

     Breadboard (Circuit board)

    Theory:

    1. Ohm’s law states that the current, I, that flows in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage, V,
    across the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance, R, of the circuit

    V=IR Where: V= Voltage across the resistor (in volts), I=current through the resistors in Amperes,
    R=resistor

    2. Given any resistor its resistance can be found by one of the three methods

    a. Using color code Nominal value (approximated value)

    b. Direct Measurement using Ohmmeter

    c. Using Ohms law


    Measuring by using Color Code

    Resistors are labeled with color-coded bands that indicate resistance and tolerance. The first two color
    bands give the first two digits of the value. The third band gives the multiplier for the first two, in powers
    of 10. The last band is the tolerance, meaning the true value should be ±x% of the color code value. Refer
    to Table 1 for standard color values.

    3. The product of voltage across the resistor and current through the resistance gives p(in watt)

    P=VI=I2R=V2/R
    The power absorbed by the resistor appears in the form of heat. This amount determines power rating.
    The dissipation of power that exceed the power rating can damaged the resistor physically. When the
    resistor gets heated due to excessive power dissipation its resistance changes. It will either increase or
    decrease depending on the temperature coefficient. A carbon resistance is Expected to decrease as the
    temperature increase. Resistance that are operated over the power rating will deviate from the straight line
    relationship

    PROCEDURE:

    We were supplied by 4 resistors (100Ω, 220Ω, 330Ω, 10KΩ)

    1. First we tried to find the nominal value and the tolerance of each resistance using the color codes.

    2. Second we proceed to Using the digital multi meter as an ohmmeter, to measure and record the
    resistance of each resistor.

    3. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2 for R = 100 and perform the following :

    A. we Set the source voltage Vs. to 12 V

    b. And we Measured V and I.

    C. we Repeated steps 3a and 3b for remaining resistors

    D. and we recorded our result in tabular format which will be displayed later on these paper

    4. Using a 1 W resistor (R = 220), we varied the input voltage from 6 to 14 volts. Measured V and I and
    calculate the resistance R (by calculating the ratio V/I) and the power dissipated in the resistance (by
    calculating the product VI). .Record the results in Table 2.
    Results from the above procedures

    Procedure 2 measuring using the multi meter

    Actual value Measured value


    100 Ω 98.5 Ω
    220 Ω 218 Ω
    330 Ω 328 Ω
    10k Ω 10.08k Ω

    From Procedure 3 measured current


    Resistance 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω
    voltage 12 12 12 12
    current 0.123 0.055 0.0366 1.19*10^-3

    The theoretical calculation gives


    R1= V1/I1= 12v/0.123 = 97.5 Ω
    R2=V1/I2= 12v/0.055 = 218.18 Ω
    R3 =V1/I3 =12v/0.0366=327.86 Ω
    R4=V1/I4 =12v/1.19*10^-3= 10.07 Ω
    Table 1

    Resistor value
    Resistor 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω
    Nominal value 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω
    Ohmmeter reading 98.5 Ω 218 Ω 328 Ω 10.08 Ω
    V/I 97.5 Ω 218.18 Ω 327.86 Ω 10.07 Ω
    %deviation from nominal value
    Actual value with in tolerance 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω

    Table 2

    Power rating(220 Ω,1W)


    V(volt) 6 8 10 12 14
    I 0.0272 0.036 0.045 0.054 0.063
    R(ohm) 220.6 222.2 222.2 222.2 222.2
    P(watt)=VI 0.1632 0.288 0.45 0.648 0.882
    REPORT:

    a. For resistance measurements (steps 1, 2, and 3), tabulate the nominal and measured values of the
    resistors. Find the maximum percentage deviation from the nominal values.

    Resistor 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω


    Nominal value 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω
    Ohmmeter reading 98.5 Ω 218 Ω 328 Ω 10.08 Ω
    V/I 97.5 218.18 Ω 327.86 Ω 10.07 Ω
    %deviation from nominal value 1.5% 1% 0.6% 0.8%
    Actual value with in tolerance 100 Ω 220 Ω 330 Ω 10k Ω
    The maximum percentage deviation from the nominal value in our experiment is 1.5% .

    b. Plot R versus P from the measured data obtained in step 4. Comment on the value of R as P increases.
    QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

    1. Does the resistor in step 4 operate in the linear region or non-linear region? Explain by considering the
    power rating of the resistor.

    It’s a non-linear region. Since the value of the voltage vary from 6v to 14v, the current will also
    vary from I=0.027A to I=0.063A. as for the power P=V2/R, so the power will also vary due to
    the variation of voltage.

    2. An electric heater takes 1.48 kW from a voltage source of 220 V. Find the resistance of the heater?

    P=V2/R
     R=V2/P
     =(200)2/1.48*103=32.702 Ω

    3. If the current in a resistor doubles, what happens to the dissipated power? (Assume the resistor operates
    in the linear region)

    P0= (I0)2R, I=2I0


    SO P=I2R …..
    P= (2IO) 2R
    P=4I02R=4PO
    SO P=4PO

    4,A 4 resistor is needed to be used in circuit where the voltage across the resistor is 3V .If two 4 resistors
    with 2 W and 3 W power rating are available, which will you use and why?

    Let R1 the resistor powered by 2W

    R2 the resistor powered by 3W


    So to calculate the voltage going through the R1 and R2 we use the formula
    P=V2/R……SO R=(P*R)1/2
    FOR R1…..V1=2.83 V
    R2…….V2=3.46 V
    SO in a circuit where the voltage is 3v we cannot use R2 because it is voltage is greater that the voltage
    supplied in the circuit

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