Problems of chapter Fi Dr.Abdulkareem A. Wahab Problem 5.1 / The water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 20 em and 10 cm at section 1 and 2 respectively . The rate of flow through pipe is 35 L/s . The section 1 is 6 m above datum line and section 2 is 4 m above datum line. If the pressure at section 1 is 39.24 x 10° N/m’, flow is ideal. d the pressure at section 2 ? If the Solution : am, 4 “Sofa 2 T] a 6m) fF Sang | on —s Se — Q=Ai Q@ _ 35x1073 _ 7 Boge 7 h114 mis Q=ALV2 7 @ _ 35x107F Viz = Ate 74.456 m/s Applying Bernoulli's equation between section 1 & section 2: a vi P, , VA Bay yz oe ye +Z, pg 2g pg tg xaot 2 5632 39.24 xao# , (4.114) = —?P2__ 4 (4496)? 4g Too0xe.81 * 2x9.81 7000x981” 2x981 P, = 41.051 x 9810 N/m? Problem Water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 300 mm and 200 mm at the bottom and upper end respectively. The pressure at the bottom end is 24.525x 10‘ N/m’ and the pressure at the upper end is 9.81 10‘ N/m’. Determinethe difference in datum head (Zz - Z; ),, if the rate of volume flow through pipe is 40 L/s.. ( the flow is ideal ) Solution : i) Petar ° oma - Q=Av Vi= 254 = 0.565 mis ? Vi= 204 =1.274 mis 7 Applying Bernoulli equation between section 1 & section 2 , we get : 1 4 2 VE A Riz eBay, re * 3 ne * 2g 24.525x10* 0.566)" 9.81 x10" 1.274)? zaszsxtot | (0566) 7 _ sarxiot , 27H)t | 7 Toooxsar * “2x981 Toooxsai * 2x0a1 Z,- Z, = 13.7m Problem 5.3 / A pipe of diameter 400 mm carries water at a velocity of 25 m/s. The pressure at the points A and B are given as 29.43 x 10‘ N/m? & 22.563 x 10° respectively while the datum head at A & B are 28 m and 30 m respectively . Find the loss of head between A & B (Hi). Solution :Applying Bernoulli equation between section A & section B , we get : 2 Pa Vay po” 29 po 25)? 22.563 x10* 25)? GD” 4 9g = S68 x10" | 28" aga, roooxssi * 2x961 Po VB g = 2+ + m+ a 2g 7 et AL 29.43 x10 1000x981 | 2x9.81 Hy =5m Problem 5.4/ .87 ) , changes in diameter A pipeline carrying from 200 mm diameter at a position A to 500 mm diameter at a position B which is 4 meter at a higher level . If the pressure at A and B are 9.81 10° N/m’ and 5.886 x 10° N/ m’ respectively and the discharge is 200 L /s , determine the loss of head ( Hj, ) and direction of flow ? the flow is real ( actual ). Solution : Q 200x10-$ Vax f= Sher ~ 6.369 mis + 1.018 m/s Applying Bernoulli's equation between section A & section B , we get : te fe a a uo a4 aa, = Pg 2g pg 0 2 seaextot , 10187 J 4g gag 370x881” 2x9.81 9.81 x10* 2 x108 | 63602 4g @ 870 x9.81 2xoat .609 m HL=Problem 5.5 / A horizontal venturimeter with inlet and throat diameter 30 cm and 15 cm respectively is used to measure the flow of water. The reading of differential manometer connected to the inlet and the throat is 20 cm of mercury. Determine the rate of flow. Take Cy = 0.98 . Solution : x=20cm hax[ -1] = 20[ 2° -1]=252 em of water. = © (0.3 = 0.0706 m* A.= 7 dj= (0.15 = 0.0176 m? o-G fume [igh [4i- AB Q=0.98 x 20706200176 a1 x0 282 ¥(0.0706)2- (0.0176) Q=0.125756 m’/s Problem 5. 6/ inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm, The oil — mercury differential manometer shows a reading of 25 cm. Calculate the discharge of oil through the horizontal venture meter , Take Cy= 0.98. An oil of sp.gr. 0.8 is flowing through a venturimeter havin; Solution x=0.25 m h=x[ #-1] = 0.251 BS - 1] =4 mofoil A= © dj = 2x (0.2) = 0.0314 m? A,= 7d} = ; x (0.1)? = 0.00785 m?Q=C, “4 x /2gh {a-4 0.0314x0,00785 Q= 0,98 x —003100.00785 x J2x9.81 x 4 y¥(0.0314 )?— (0.00785)? Q=0.0704 m/s Problem 5.’ A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 em is used to measure the flow of oil of sp.gr.0.8. The discharge of oil through ventuimeter is 60 L/s. Find the reading of the oil — mercury differential manometer ? Take Cy= 0.98. Solution : A=" dj Ex (02 ¥ = 0.0314 m? : x (0.1)? = 0.00785 m* Apa, Q= C, MM x fagh (ana 60 x 1000 = 208142000785 x /2-X 9.81 XA Vc0.0314)? -(0.00785)2 h = 2.89 m of oil. h Sh -1] 2.89=x[ 28-1] x =0.181 m =18.1 cm Problem 5.8/ A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cmis used to measure the flow of water . The pressure at inlet 17.658 x 10° N/m? and the vacuum pressure at the throat is 30 cm of mercury. Find the discharge of water through venturemeter ? Take Ca= 0.98.Sol A= 2 dj = 4x (0.2)? =0.0314 m Ay = 7 d}= 7x (0.1) = 0.0078 m? Py P2 _ 17.658 x10* fe en Tear ~ ( Baig® Sig) h= 18 -(-0.3 x 13.6) =18 +4.08 = 22.08 m of water Q=C, 42x /2gh gh {a-a Q= 0.98 x — 00814 x0.0078 _ , 2X 9.81 X 22.08 Feoosta?— 0.0078) Q = 165555 m/s Problem 5.9 : Ina vertical pipe conveying oil of sp. gr. 0.8 , two pressure gages have been installed at A & B where the diameter are 16 cm and 8 em respectively. A is 2 m above B . The pressure gauge readings have shown that the pressure at B is greater than at A by 9810 N/m’, Neglecting all losses, calculate the flow rate (Q) (discharge) , if the gauges at A & B are replaced by tubes filled with the same liquid and connected to a U —tube containing mercury , calculate the difference of level of mercury in the two legs of the U tube (x). Solution : (Case 1): (case 2) (ease 1) = dj= (0.16 = 0.0201 m?Ar= 4 d3 = 7 (0.08) = 0.00502 m? ela Applying Bernoulli's equation between A & B , and taking the reference line passing through section B, (Zp = 0), we get : P, v4 Pe , Ve fa ya ey 4 7, pa 2g eg Pa Pa gg = Pg pg 29 Pa-Pa yy va Vi ParPe yp 7, = VB Va eg 2g” 2g Now applying Continuity equation at A & B , we get : Yad _ 00201V4 _ gy, Va A= Ve Ars Ve = “ie 0.00502 sao 5g. tovh VR Daxao00xs81 “ag” 2g 15 V4 0.75 = 374 2g 0.75 x2 x9.81 Va = < =0.99 m/s Q =V,4 Ar = 0.99 x 0.0201 = 0.01989 m?/s (Case 2): Let , h—difference of mercury level . —_*810 __ 42-0 = 0.75 X = 0.0468 m = 4.68 cmProblem 5.10/ A 30 cm x 15 cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of sp.gr. 0.9 , the flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 cm.The differential U — tube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of 25 em. Calculate : (1) the discharge of oil , (2) the pressure difference between the entrance section and 0.98. the throat section . Take Cy ut Pr Res Ai=t dj = 7x (0.3) =0.07 m * x (0.15 )*= 0.0176 m* hax 2-1] = 0.2525 -1]=3.52 mofoil 0.07 x0.0176 = 0.98 ——————._ /2 x 9.81 x 3.52 098 0.072— 0.0176? (1) Q=0.148 m'/s Ps a Et a) - (72 + Za) 3.52 = (=). ( ZZ) Pio P2 = 3.52 + 0.3 pa P, - P, = 3.83 x 0.9 x 1000x 9.81 =33815 N/m?Problem $.11 / An orifice meter with orifice diameter 10 em is inserted in a pipe of 20 em jameter. The pressure gauges fitted upstream and downstream of the orifice meter gives reading of 19.62 x 10 N/m? and 9.81 x 10‘ N/m’ respectively. Coefficient of discharge for the orifice meter is given as 0.6 . Find the discharge of water through pipe ? Solution : A=t dad = Fx(OL Y =0.0078 m? A, = E( dt) = % x (0.2)? = 0.0314 m? Py Pz _ 1962x104 = 981x104 _ _ . h eg eg 1000 x9.81 1000 x9.81 20 - 10 = 10 m water AoA Q=Cy =x J2gh (8-48 0.0682 m*/s 0.0078 x0.0314 2078x0058 _ x /2-X9.81 x10 (0314? — 0.00787) Problem 5. 12/ An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a pipe of 30 cm diameter. The pressure difference measured by a mercury oil differential manometer on the two sides of the orifice meter gives a reading of 50 cm of mercury . Find the rate of flow of oil of sp.gr. 0.9 when the coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter is 0.64 . Solution A= 3 = =(0.15)° = 0.0176 m* Ai= Tdt= 5(03) = 0.0706 m 3 h=x[ -1] =50[2% - 1]=705.5 emof oil. 5 09 _ AeAs Sah 0.0176 x0.0706 \EXSHTNT OS Q =, WArveah = 0.64 x (apa Q = 0.137 m'/sProblem § .13/ Find the velocity of the flow of an oil through a pipe , when the difference of mercury level in a differential U— tube manometer connected to the two tappings of the pitot — tube is 100 mm . Take coefficient of pitot — tube 0.98 and sp. gr. of oil is 0.8 . Solution : hax -1] =01| Se -1] =1.6 mof oil V=C,/2gh = 0.98x V2 x9.81 x16 =5.49 mis Problem : A pitot — tube is inserted in a pipe of 300 mm diameter. The static pressure in pipe is 100 mm of mercury ( vacuum ). The stagnation pressure at the center of the pipe, recorded by the pitot — tube is 9810 N/m? . Calculate the rate of flow of water through pipe , if the mean velocity of flow is 0.85 times the central velocity. Take Cy is 0.98 . Solution : A=l@ = 7 (0.3)? = 0.0707 m bay == Sg Bag = 13.6 x 0.1 =- 1.36 m water .( static pressure head) Pytagn, = P & stag, = Pstagn _ 9810 Braga = pg 1000x981 Im hh=Rytaga, - hy = V =C,/2 gh =0.98 V2 x 9.81 X 2.36 = 6.668 m/s V" = 0.85 * 6.668 = (- 1.36) =2.36 m of water 5.6678 m/s Q =A V = 0.0707 5.6678 = 0.4006 m*/s