Experiment No-6: IIUC Substation Visit

Objective:
• To learn about different types of substations.
• To visit a substation and draw its one-line diagram.
• To learn about protective devices used in a substation

Apparatus Description:

Transformer:-
It has the rated power of 630KVA with the frequency of 50Hz and the parameters of HV and LV sides
are given in the below table 1.

Table 1: Transformer rating.

Parameter HV Side LV Side

Rated voltage 11000V 415/240V

Rated current 33.06A 876.49A

The high voltage side connection of the respective transformer in the substation is Delta connection
and the Low Voltage side connection of the transformer is Star connection. There- fore, the
transformer is in the vector group of A/V. The transformer provides tap changing option and the tap
change can be made during the off-load condition. The tapping loop of the transformer is shown in
the following figure 5

Fig-01: Transformer
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Fig:02-Tap looping Transformer

Overcurrent Fault Relay:
The device is a digital microprocessor based numerical overcurrent and earth fault relay. It employs
extensive advanced numerical technique, implemented real-time, for the computation of fault
currents and the execution of intended protection functions, such as phase short circuit protection
and earth fault protection. This relay is a user programmable device. As Shown in the figure-03. there
are two keys for programming. Pressing the “Switch” key will drive to multiple modes. After selecting
the desired mode one can access to program the device by pressing the “Program” key. This device
has an in-built circuit breaker failure
protection function selectable
through Switch key. The respective
function provides the access to set
tripping time of the circuit breaker.
This device is equipped with an
optically isolated serial RS485
communication port running serial
Modbus-RTU protocol. This allows
the relay to be connected to a
SCADA system for central
monitoring purpose.

(a)
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(b)
Fig-03 : (a,b) overcurrent fault relay and Earth fault relay
Digital Power Meter:
In this device, there are two device included:
1. Digital Volt meter(DVM360): it has some features
  Built-in Selector switch.
 Since it consists of 3 digit digital display, it is easy to read.
It can be supplied with an auxiliary supply in the range of 198 to 265V AC, and it has VA rating of 3VA.
The maximum tolerance voltage level of this device is 500V in rms value.
2. Digital Ammeter(DAM 330): it has Some features:
  Built in selector Switch
 Wide selection current transformer ratio
 Since it has 3 digit digital display, it is easy to read.
As same as the digital voltmeter discussed above this digital ammeter also have the same range of
auxiliary supply and VA rating. And the maximum input current can be 6A. The ammeter Current
transfer ratio is…/5A(i.e any value to 5A Current).

Fig;04: Digital Power meter

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Power Factor Controller:

The device is a microprocessor based one, therefore it can be operated automatically. The panel
provides also Manual operation mode. User can activate Auto or manual mode by press and hold the”
Auto /Manual” button for 2 seconds only when the unit is in default mode. In the default mode cosp LED
is lit as shown in the figure 3 and the unit will show the power factor of existing load. The device has the
feature of automatic detection of current transfer polarity and it gives alarm output for under Voltage /
over voltage.

Fig:04: Power Factor Controller

MCCB-TP:-
MCCB is a switching device which is used in LT electrical system. It provides protection
against overload & short circuit. Fault sensing arrangements are installed inside MCCBs
& shunt release is provided for remote tripping of MCCB.
A molded case circuit breaker (MCCB), that can be used for a wide range of voltages,
and frequencies of both 50 Hz and 60 Hz. The main distinctions between molded-case
and miniature circuit breaker are that the MCCB can have current ratings of up to 2,500
amperes, and its trip settings are normally adjustable. An additional difference is that
MCCBs tend to be much larger than MCBs. As with most types of circuit breakers,an
MCCB has three main Function:
 Protection against overload – currents above the rated value that last longer
 than What is normal for the application
 Protection against electrical faults – During a fault such as a short circuit or line
fault, there are extremely high currents that must be interrupted immediately.
 Switching a circuit on and off – This is a less common function of circuit
breakers, but they can be used for that purpose if there isn’t an adequate manual
switch
TP (for 3 phase load): TP stands for Triple pole which means three phases (R,Y,B) &
these phases will be part of MCCB & neutral is not required for load. These 3 phases are
opened & closed with the operation of MCCB
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Fig 05: MCCB

Generator:
For emergency in case of fault or load shedding the 250KVA generator is used via ATS
(automatic transfer switch) panel.
The generator which is used here is an A.C synchronous generator. This generator produces
2200KW and 250kVA with power factor of 0.8 in standby rating. The rated voltage of this
generator is 400V in 3-phase, which is 230V in a single phase. It produces 361A rated current
with the rated frequency of 50Hz. According to the prime rating it produces 184kW and 230kVA
with the power factor of 0.8. It has the circuit breaker which is 3 pole MCCB (Molded Case
Circuit Breaker).it ha the fuel tank capacity of 350l and it consumes 61.2 lh fuel in stand by and
56.3/h in prime rating.

Fig 06:- Generator with ATS Panel

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Discussion: The substation visit to IIUC went quite well. We gained an understanding of
the entire substation, beginning with the processing, generation, and transmission of
power. The primary goal of this substation visit is to bridge the gap between technical
principles addressed with students and applied in the field of electrical engineering. The
representative discussed the entire procedure in detail, including a full description of each
piece of equipment and its specs. A question-and-answer session with the control room's
in-charge answered all of our concerns. This type of substation exposure aided us in more
quickly absorbing the theoretical parts of electrical power engineering.