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Lecture 6 Introduction To M Function Programming

The document outlines Matlab programming concepts including M-functions, relational and logical operators, and flow control structures. It provides an example of an M-file that takes two input images, computes their element-wise product and other values, and discusses how to write, call, and get help for M-files. Relational operators compare values and logical operators work on logical and numeric data. Common flow control structures covered are if/else, for, while, and switch statements.

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Noorullah Shariff
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141 views

Lecture 6 Introduction To M Function Programming

The document outlines Matlab programming concepts including M-functions, relational and logical operators, and flow control structures. It provides an example of an M-file that takes two input images, computes their element-wise product and other values, and discusses how to write, call, and get help for M-files. Relational operators compare values and logical operators work on logical and numeric data. Common flow control structures covered are if/else, for, while, and switch statements.

Uploaded by

Noorullah Shariff
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Dr.

Qadri Hamarsheh

Outline of the Lecture


 Introduction to M-function programming
 Matlab Programming Example
 Relational operators
 Logical Operators
 Matlab Flow control structures

Introduction to M-function programming


• M-files:
1. Script: simply execute a series of Matlab statements.
2. Function: accept arguments and can product outputs.
• Function m-files components:
a) Function definition line.
b) H1 line.
c) Help text.
d) Function
Function body.
e) Comments.
a) Function definition form:
function [output] = function_name
function_name (input)
Example: Function to compute the sum and the product of two images

The sum Function name up to 63


image long, more than ignored.

function [s p] = sumprod (f , g)
Keyword The
product Input
image images

Brackets:
Must be (multiple output).
May be (one output).
Without brackets or equal sign (no outputs).
• Function calling:
>> x= imread ('someimage1.tif');
>> y= imread ('someimage2.tif ');
Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
>> [s , p] = sumprod (f , g);
b) H1 line:
• Single comment line that follows the definition line (no blank lines) between them.
% SUMPROD computes the sum and product of two input images.
• H1 line appears when user types
>> help function_name
• H1 provides information about the M-file.
c) Help text:
• Text block follows H1 (without any blank lines in between the two).
• Help text is used to provide comments and online help for the function, when user
type:
>> help function_name:
• Matlab displays all comments lines that appear between the function name and first
(executable or blank) line.
d) Function body:
• Matlab code that performs computation.
e) Comments.
• %- symbol used for comments declaration.
Operators:
Arithmetic: numeric computations
Relational: compare operands quantitively.
Logic: perform AND,
AND OR and NOT.
NOT
Arithmetic operators:
Matrix arithmetic.
Array arithmetic.

Important: . (dot) operator is used for array manipulation.


>> A*B % matrix multiplication.
>> A.*B % array multiplication (A and B must be the same size).
>> C = A.*B % C(i,j) = A (i,j) * B (i,j)
• Addition and subtraction operations are the same for arrays and matrices.
. + and .- are not used.

Matlab Programming Example

Write an M-function, call it improd that multiplies two input images


and outputs the product of the images, the maximum and the
minimum values of the product, and a normalized product image
whose values are in the range [0, 1].

using the Matlab text editor, write the following code


2
Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh

Example 6.1
function [p, pmax, pmin, pn] = improd (f , g)
% IMPROD computes the product and other parameters of two images.
% [ P, PMAX, PMIN, PN] = IMPROD (F , G) output the
% element-by-element product of two input images,
% F and G, the product maximum and minimum
% values, and a normalized product array with values
% in the range [0 , 1]. The input images must be
% of the same size. They can be of class uint8,
% uint16, or double. The outputs are of class double.
fd = double (f);
gd = double (g);
p = fd.*gd;
pmax = max (p (:));
pmin = min (p (:));
pn = mat2gray (p);
• Note: the input images were converted to double using the function double instead of
im2double, because if the inputs were of type uint8, im2double would convert them
to the range [0, 1]. (We want p to contain the products of the original values).
Using the function (calling)
>> f = [1 2 ; 3 4];
>> g = [1 2 ; 2 1];
>> [p , pmax, pmin, pn] = improd (f , g)
 
p =  
 
pmax = 6
pmin = 1
 . 
pn =  
.  . 
>> help improd
Relational operators

RELATIONAL OPERATOR
OPERATOR NAME
< Less than
<= Less than or equal
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal
== Equal to
~= Not Equal to
Example1:
Consider the following sequence of inputs and outputs: Both A and B must
>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]; be the same size
>> B = [0 2 4; 3 5 6; 3 4 9];
Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
>>A==B
ans =
0 1 0
0 1 1
0 0 1
• Operation A==B produces a logical array of the same dimension as A and B with 1s in
locations where the corresponding elements of A and B match, and 0s elsewhere.
• Example2:
>> A >= B
ans
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 1 1
• A >= B produces a logical array with 1s where the elements of A greater than or
equal to the corresponding elements of B and 0s elsewhere.
• If one operand is a scalar ⇒matlab tests the scalar against every element of the other
operand.
Logical operators

• Logical operators can operate on both logical and numeric data.


Matlab treats a logical 1 or nonzero numeric quantity as true, and logical 0 or numeric 0 as
false.
>> A = [1 2 0 ;0 4 5];
>> B = [1 -2 3; 0 1 1]; Operators Logical
>> A & B Operator Name
ans: & AND
1 1 0
0 1 1 | OR
~ NOT

Matlab Flow control structures


1. if, else, and elseif
Syntax:
a) Single
if expression
statements
end
b) Multiple
if expression1
statements1
elsif expression2
statements2
else
statements3
end
Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
2. for
• executes a group of statements a fixed number of times:
for index = start: increment: end
statements
end
Nested for
for index1 = start1: increment1: end
statements1
for index2 = start2: increments2:end
statements2
end
additional loop1 statements
end
3. while
• Executes a group of statements an indefinite number of times, based on a specified
logical condition.
while expression
statements
end
Nested while
while expression1
statement1
while expression2
statements2
end
additional loop1 statements
end
4. Break
• Terminates execution of a for or while loop.
5. Continue
• Passes control to the next iteration of a for or while loop, skipping any remaining
statements in the body of the loop.
6. switch
• switch, together with case and otherwise, executes different groups of statements,
depending on a specified value or string.
Switch switch-expression
case case-expression
statement(s)
case {case-expressoin1, case-expression2,...}
statement(s)
otherwise
statement(s)
end
7. return:
• Causes execution to return to the invoking function.
8. try.. catch
• Changes flow control if an error is detected during execution.
5

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