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Class-1-24th May

The document discusses SQL and relational databases. SQL is a language used to manipulate and retrieve data from relational database management systems (RDBMS). It allows users to define, manipulate and query data within relational databases. Some key points covered include the history of SQL and relational modeling, different types of RDBMS like Oracle and MySQL, and basic SQL functions like CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE.

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Praveen Reddy Daka
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20 views3 pages

Class-1-24th May

The document discusses SQL and relational databases. SQL is a language used to manipulate and retrieve data from relational database management systems (RDBMS). It allows users to define, manipulate and query data within relational databases. Some key points covered include the history of SQL and relational modeling, different types of RDBMS like Oracle and MySQL, and basic SQL functions like CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE.

Uploaded by

Praveen Reddy Daka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is SQL.?

It is a Structured query language, which is also a computer language used for


storing ,
manipulating and retrieving/fetching the data stored in database.

--> Different types SQL

1. MS SQL
2. ORACLE SQL (*)
3. MS ACCESS SQL
4. MY SQL
5. ASSURE SQL
6. PL-SQL (*)

Why SQL.?
1. Allows users to access data in RDBMS
2. Allows users to describe the data.
3. Allows users to define the data in Database and manipulate that data.
4. Allows user to create and drop the database and tables.
5. Allows users to set permissions on tables,stored procedures and create view.

History of SQL.?

1. Dr E F Codd(Edgar Frank Codd) who was a data scientist called as


father of "Relational Model"(RM)
2. He described RM for database in 1970.
3. In 1974--> SQL appeared
4. In 1978--> IBM developed it 1st time and released the product into the market.
5. In 1986-> The 1st Database was released by "relational softwares" and it is
later on became "Oracle".
6. Oracle SQL

-->APPLICATIONS:-

1. STAND ALONE APPLICATIONS


2. WEB APPLICATIONS
3. CLIENT/SERVER APPLICATIONS

1. STAND ALONE APPLICATIONS:-


*Any application which we use with the help of installation and can not be shared
is called as 'Stand Alone apllication'
*Here we only require installation, but not require internet and database
ex:- Camera,Calender,Gallery,Drive,Photos,, so on.

2. WEB APPLICATIONS:-
*Any application which we are usig with the help of another application is called
as "web applications".
*Here we dont require any installation but we require internet and database.
ex:- YouTube,facebook,Instagram,so on.

3. CLIENT/SERVER APPLICATIONS:-
*Any application which we are using with the help of installation, internet and
database is known as "C/S application"
ex:- Watsapp,Facebook,Messenger,Telegram,so on.

--> DATA:-

*It is a raw fact (natural truth), which describes the properties of an object.
--> DATABASE:-

* It is a place/medium which collects and stores the data in a 'systematic and


organized manner'
* In Database we are performing one operation called C R U D

C--> CREATE/INSERT
R--> READ/RETRIEVE
U--> UPDATE/MODIFY
D--> DELETE/DROP

--> DBMS:-

* Database management system


* It is a S/W, which is used to 'maintain and manage' the database.
* Security and authorization are the two main features provided by the DBMS s/w.
* In DBMS, we store the data in the form of "file format".
* To communicate with DBMS S/W, we are using "QUERY LANGUAGE".

-->Types of DBMS:-

1. Flat file DBMS-->TEXT,DOCUMENT FORM


2. Hirarchial DBMS-->PDF
3. Network DBMS -->PDF(IN MULTIPLE FORMS/SERVERS)
4. Relational DBMS (*)

4. Relational DBMS:-(RDBMS)

* Relational Database management system


* RDBMS is type of DBMS software, which is used to maintain and manage the database
* Security and authorization are the two main features provided by the RDBMS s/w
* In RDBMS, we store the data in the form of "Table format".
* To communicate with RDBMS S/W, we are using "STRUCTRED QUERY LANGUAGE".

--> RELATIONAL MODEL:-(RM)

* It is one of the theory, which was described by a data scientist "E F CODD"
* Any DBMS which follows RM will become RDBMS
* In a RM, we can store the data in the form of "Table format"

--> TABLE:-

*Combination of rows and columns along with cells is called as table

-->Parameters of table:-

1.ROWS/RECORDS/TUPLES-->__^le portion of table


2.COLUMNS/FIELDS/ATTRIBUTES-->|^le portion of table
3.CELL--> smallest unit in the table, where we will store the data.

--> RULES OF E F CODD:-

1. The data enterd into the cell must be single valued.


2. According E F CODD, we can store the data in multiple tables, and
we can establish the connection between those two tables with the help of "Key
Attributes".
3. In RDBMS, we store the data in the form of table format incluing "META-DATA"
4. META-DATA:- The data which is present inside another data.
* It is "auto generatic"(By default)
ex:- photos, videos, songs and so on..

NOTE: We can validate the data into 2-steps:-

a) DATATYPES (MANDATORY)
b) CONSTRAINTS (OPTIONAL)

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