Genbio2 Handout

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 HANDOUT Animals:
Compare and contrast the different plant and - Heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrition by
animal processes based on their reproduction, consuming other organisms or organic matter.
development, nutrition, gas exchange,
- Ingest and digest food to break it down into simpler
transport/circulation, regulation of body fluids,
chemical and nervous control, immune system, and forms that can be absorbed and utilized by their cells.
sensory and motor mechanisms. Write your
answer on the table provided below.
4. Gas Exchange:
1. Reproduction: Plants:
Plants: - Perform gas exchange primarily through stomata,
small openings on the surface of leaves and stems.
- Reproduce through sexual or asexual means.
- Carbon dioxide enters, and oxygen exits the plant
- Sexual reproduction involves the production of
during photosynthesis and respiration.
gametes (pollen and ovules) and fertilization.
- Asexual reproduction includes methods such as

vegetative propagation, budding, and fragmentation. Animals:
- Respiratory organs facilitate gas exchange.

Animals: - Lungs (in terrestrial animals) and gills (in aquatic
animals) provide large surface areas for oxygen uptake
- Reproduce sexually, with the formation of specialized
and carbon dioxide release.
gametes (sperm and eggs) and fertilization.
- Sexual reproduction typically involves internal

fertilization, but external fertilization is also observed in 5. Transport/Circulation:
some species.
Plants:
- Transport fluids and nutrients through xylem and

2. Development: phloem tissues.
Plants: - Xylem carries water and minerals from roots to
shoots, while phloem transports sugars and other
- Exhibit indeterminate growth, meaning they can
organic compounds.
continue to grow throughout their lifespan.
- Development includes seed germination, growth of

roots, stems, and leaves, and eventually flowering and Animals:
fruit production.
- Circulatory systems (such as closed systems)
transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste
products.
Animals:
- Blood vessels and a muscular pump (heart) facilitate
- Show determinate growth, where growth stops after
the movement of fluids.
reaching a certain size.
- Development involves embryonic stages, followed by

growth and differentiation into adult forms. 6. Regulation of Body Fluids:
Plants:
3. Nutrition: - Control water and nutrient uptake and loss through
specialized tissues, such as root hairs and stomata.
Plants:
- Use osmotic and turgor pressure mechanisms to
- Autotrophic organisms that generate their own food
regulate water balance.
through photosynthesis.
- Utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients

from the soil to produce carbohydrates. Animals:
- Use excretory systems, such as kidneys, to regulate

water and ion balance.
- Fluid balance is maintained through processes like

filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.
7. Chemical and Nervous Control:
Plants:
- Use hormones (e.g., auxins, gibberellins) to regulate

growth, development, and responses to environmental
stimuli.
- Lack a centralized nervous system, but certain

signaling molecules coordinate responses to stimuli.
Animals:
- Utilize an intricate nervous system to receive and

process information.
- Neurons transmit electrical impulses, and

neurotransmitters facilitate communication between
cells.
8. Immune System:
Plants:
- Have defense mechanisms like physical barriers,

chemical compounds, and localized responses to ward
off pathogens.
- Lack an adaptive immune system but possess innate

immune responses.
Animals:
- Possess immune systems that recognize and respond

to foreign substances (antigens).
- Both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific)

immune responses are present.
9. Sensory and Motor Mechanisms:
Plants:
- Respond to external stimuli through mechanisms like

tropisms (e.g., phototropism, gravitropism).
- Lack specialized sensory organs but have sensory

cells to perceive light, gravity, touch, etc.
Animals:
- Possess specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, taste

buds, etc.) for various senses.
- Nervous systems coordinate responses to stimuli,

allowing animals to move and exhibit complex behaviors.
+ DICHOTOMOUS KEY AND CLADISTICS HEHE :D
++ Good luck and God bless sa exams!! Sorry hindi ako

nakaturo maayos because of Immersion pero bawi na
lang ako sa next life HAHAHAHHAHAHA! Thank you and
Congratulations for making it this far. I hope meron kayo
natutunan sakin since GenBio 1 hehe. See you around!
<3

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GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 HANDOUT Animals:

- Asexual reproduction includes methods such as

- Respiratory organs facilitate gas exchange.

- Sexual reproduction typically involves internal

- Transport fluids and nutrients through xylem and

- Development includes seed germination, growth of

- Development involves embryonic stages, followed by

- Utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients

- Use excretory systems, such as kidneys, to regulate

- Fluid balance is maintained through processes like

- Use hormones (e.g., auxins, gibberellins) to regulate

- Lack a centralized nervous system, but certain

- Utilize an intricate nervous system to receive and

- Neurons transmit electrical impulses, and

- Have defense mechanisms like physical barriers,

- Lack an adaptive immune system but possess innate

- Possess immune systems that recognize and respond

- Both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific)

9. Sensory and Motor Mechanisms:

- Respond to external stimuli through mechanisms like

- Lack specialized sensory organs but have sensory

- Possess specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, taste

- Nervous systems coordinate responses to stimuli,

+ DICHOTOMOUS KEY AND CLADISTICS HEHE :D

++ Good luck and God bless sa exams!! Sorry hindi ako

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