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Point by Point Calculation

The document discusses the calculation of illumination from point light sources. It defines illumination as the amount of light falling on a given point and presents the inverse square law and Lambert's cosine law that describe how illumination decreases with distance from the light source and depends on the angle of incidence. It provides examples of calculating illumination from single and multiple light sources and the relation between height and distance for maximum illumination.

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Joshua Ochabillo
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322 views14 pages

Point by Point Calculation

The document discusses the calculation of illumination from point light sources. It defines illumination as the amount of light falling on a given point and presents the inverse square law and Lambert's cosine law that describe how illumination decreases with distance from the light source and depends on the angle of incidence. It provides examples of calculating illumination from single and multiple light sources and the relation between height and distance for maximum illumination.

Uploaded by

Joshua Ochabillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Point by Point

Calculation
Illumination is the amount of quantity of light that
falls on a given point or area.

I
E= 𝑑 2 cosθ
E = illumination at point P
I = candle power of the source
= luminous intensity measured in candelas
d = distance of the light source from point P
θ = angle between the incident ray and the normal
line
Review

Laws for Point Sources of Light


• Inverse Square Law
The illuminance, E
equals to the ratio of
the intensity of light
source, I and the
distance squared, d2.
Sample Problem #1:

A light source with an intensity of 100 candelas is


suspended 4 m above a horizontal plane. Calculate
the illumination at a point directly below the lamp.
Review

Laws for Point Sources of Light


• Cosine Law of Incidence
Lambert’s cosine law states
that the illuminance falling
on any surface depends
on the cosine of the light’s
angle of incidence, θ.
Sample Problem #2:

A 100-cd lamp, which emits light uniformly in all


directions, is suspended 2.5 m above the center of
the working table, which is 3 m square. Calculate
the illumination at each corner of the table.
Mean spherical candle power (I) – defined as the mean of the
candle power in all directions above or below the horizontal
plane passing through the source of light.
total lumens emitted by lamp ϕ
I= =
solid angle () 4π

Intensity

Solid angle, 
Illumination from more than one light source

Etotal = Elamp1 + Elamp2 + Elamp3


Relation between Height (h) and Distance (x) to
received Maximum Illumination

Note: Distance x is fixed while


the height h is variable

x
h=
2
Sample Problem #3:

Four lamps are suspended 6 m above the ground at


the corners of a lawn 4 m on each side. If each
lamp emits 250 cd, calculate the illumination at the
center of the lawn.
Sample Problem #4:

Two lamps of 36 CP and 16 CP are one meter apart.


Determine the distance from 36 CP lamp of a point
along the line so as to have equal illumination on it.
Sample Problem #5:

Two lamps A and B of 3000 and 4000 candles


respectively are situated 50 m apart. The height of
A above the ground level is 10 m and that of B is 15
m. If a photometer is placed at the center of the line
joining the two lamp posts, find its reading.
Sample Problem #6:

A small light source with intensity uniformly


distributed in all direction is mounted at a height of
10m above the horizontal surface. Two points A and
B lie on a surface with point A directly beneath the
source. How far B from A if the illumination at B is
only 1/10 as great as that of A?

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