REPORT

TITLE:Brushless DC Hub Motor Drive Control for Electric Vehicle Applications

DIFFUSION
Author:P Vishnu Sidharthan, Yashwant Kashyap Version: 2
Verifier: Date : 25/10/2022
Approver: Reference: IEEE 10.1109/ICPC2T48082.2020.9071469

ABSTRACT—
This paper focus on the control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor which is used to drive the electric two
wheeler. Where 60V and 1000W BLDC motor is used.

INTRODUCTION + LITERATURE SURVEY

Because of compactness, high power density, high efficiency, high speed range operation, good torque
speed characteristics BLDC motor is chosen. It consists of Battery Control Unit(BCU) which controls
battery unit and protect the battery from over discharging and motor controller unit(MCU) which
controls the proper running of the vehicle by controlling the motor.
BLDC hub motor with rating 60V, 1000 W is used as driving section of EV. The 3 phase inverter
switches are selected to be MOSFET IRFP460of rating 500V and 20A.
The input is taken through the throttle . the PWM pulses are accordingly generated using Atmega 328
microcontroller on an ardiuno uno board. A PI controller is used to amplify develop the signal to adjust
PWM duty cycle. These gate pulses produced from the MCU is fed through gate driver circuit to
amplify it .optocoupler driver IC6N137 is developed for it .

CONCLUSION—
Thus a efficient way of implementing a motor controller using BLDC motor is realised and Reverse of
vehicle can be achieved by reversing the switching sequence at a constant low speed so that easily the
reverse gear can be developed for the EV.[1]
TITLE:Control of DC Motor Using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID): Arduino Hardware
Implementation

DIFFUSION
Author :AlfianMa’arif, Iswanto , Nia Maharani Raharja, Version: 2
Phisca Aditya Rosyady, Ahmad
RadityaCahyaBaswara, AnindityaAnggariNuryono
Verifier: Date : 25/10/2022
Approver: Reference:IEEE 10.1109/ICIEE49813.2020.9277258

ABSTRACT—
The research proposes controlling DC Motor using the PID controller. The Objective of this research
paper is to observe the PID controller characteristics in hardware implementation .

INTRODUCTION + L ITERATURE SURVEY —

The DC motor type used here is JGA25-370 with an encoder sensor included. motor driver is L298, the
microcontroller is the Arduino uno as a data processor. The output of the PID is a control signal that is
input for the motor driver. The feedback is the encoder sensor that used pulse to calculate the angular
speed in RPM. The output of the PID controller is an 8-bit Pulse Width Modulation signal with a value
between 0-255. The output of PID controller formula is used and research regarding the constant
parameters in the equations are worked down. It is found that the best parameter of PID is
kp( proportional constant) =1, ki (integral Constant)= 0.3, kd(derivative constant) =0.1 with a
characteristic response without overshoot. The other best parameter of PID is kp=1, ki=0.4, kd=0.1 with
a little bit overshoot to be used to control the motor.

CONCLUSION —
Thus using of a PID controller to control the speed of a DC motor is realised . But the tuning of PID
controller is still worked based on trial and error method. It needs further research about the
autotuning of PID controller or using other tuning Methods such as Ziegler Nicholas, Genetic
Algorithm, or Coefficient Diagram Method.[2]
TITLE:A Review of BLDC Motor: State of Art, Advanced Control Techniques, and Applications

DIFFUSION
Author:DeepakMohanraj; RanjeevAruldavid; Rajes Version: 2
h Verma; K. Sathiyasekar;

Verifier: Date : 25/10/2022

Approver: Reference:IEEE 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3175011

ABSTRACT—
This paper consist survey of the past five years. Which states the problems faced by using BLDC
motor .Considering the case of reliability and durability, the BLDC motor fails to yield improved fault
tolerance capability, reduced electromagnetic interference, reduced acoustic noise, reduced flux ripple, and
reduced torque ripple. To address these issues, closed-loop vector control is a promising methodology for
BLDC motors.

INTRODUCTION + L ITERATURE SURVEY —

Even though there are many ways of controlling BLDC motor PWM technique is preferred. Among them
space vector PWM (SVPWM) control is used.

Following table contains problems faced by using BLDC motor and techniques adopted to overcome them

C
ONCLUSION —
BLDC motors are gaining more interest in EV applications . This paper reviews various types of BLDC motors,
their standards, applications, torque ripple mitigation techniques. Current study reveals that,

 Rotor-type BLDC motors such as Hub motors are widely used for commercial applications
 Outer surface rotor-type motors are more popular due to the minimum cogging torgue leading to
high loading effect, high power, and increases efficiency. These motors have a lower requirement of
cooling for the rotor as they are exposed to the outer atmosphere receiving ambient air cooling.
  Intelligent controller stands superior amongst the various control techniquesused for BLDC motors
as it reduces torque ripples better than the other types of controllers
 This paper results show that outer rotor type BLDC motors are effective.[3]

REFERENCES—

[1] P. V. Sidharthan and Y. Kashyap, “Brushless DC Hub Motor Drive Control for Electric Vehicle Applications,” in
2020 First International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T), 2020, pp. 448–
453. doi: 10.1109/ICPC2T48082.2020.9071469.

[2] A. Ma’arif, Iswanto, N. M. Raharja, P. A. Rosyady, A. R. C. Baswara, and A. A. Nuryono, “Control of DC Motor
Using Proportional Integral Derivative (PID): Arduino Hardware Implementation,” in 2020 2nd International
Conference on Industrial Electrical and Electronics (ICIEE), 2020, pp. 74–78. doi:
10.1109/ICIEE49813.2020.9277258.

[3] D. Mohanraj et al., “A Review of BLDC Motor: State of Art, Advanced Control Techniques, and Applications,”
IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 54833–54869, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3175011.