MODEL PAPER: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Tree Diagram

Q#1 Use a tree diagram to find the sample space for the gender of three children in a family.

Q#2 A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. Use a tree diagram to find the number of outcomes for the
sequence of events.

Q#3 There are four blood types, A, B, AB, and O. Blood can also be Rh+ and Rh−. Finally, a blood donor
can be classified as either male or female. How many different ways can adonor have his or her blood
labeled? Use a tree diagram.

Multiplication Rule:

Q#1 The first year the state of Pennsylvania issued railroad memorial license plates, the plates had a
picture of a steam engine followed by four digits. Assuming that repetitions are allowed, how many
railroad memorial plates could be issued? Use a Multiplication Rule.

Q#2 A paint manufacturer wishes to manufacture several different paints. The categories include

Color: Red, blue, white, black, green, brown, yellow

Type: Latex, oil

Texture: Flat, semigloss, high gloss

Use: Outdoor, indoor

How many different kinds of paint can be made if you can select one color, one type, one texture, and
one use? Use a Multiplication Rule.

Q#3 There are 4 buses running between two cities. In how many ways can a man go from one city to
other and come back by a different bus.

Permutation Rules:

Q#1 A lottery game called Quinto is played by choosing five numbers each, from 0 through 9. How
many numbers are possible? Although repeats are allowed, how many numbers are possible if repeats
are not allowed?

Q#2 Three bands and two comics are performing for a student talent show. How many different
programs (in terms of order) can be arranged? How many if the comics must perform between bands?
Q#3 The call letters of a radio station must have 4 letters. The first letter must be a K or a W. How
many different station call letters can be made if repetitions are not allowed? If repetitions are
allowed?

Q#4 At the Rogue Film Festival, the director must select one film from each category. There are 8
drama films, 3 sci-fi films, and 5 comedy films. How many different ways can a film be selected?

Q#5 How many permutations of the letters can be made from the word STATISTICS?

Q#6 How many permutations can be made using all the letters in the word MASSACHUSETTS?

Q#7 In how many ways can the letters of the word COMMITTEE be arranged?

Q#8 In how many ways can 5 people line up for a group photograph?

Q#9 In how many ways can 5 different trees be planted in a circle?

COMBINATION:

Q#1 How many different tables of 4 can you make from 16 potential bridge players? How many
different tables if 4 of the players insist on playing together?

Q#2 In a train yard there are 4 tank cars, 12 boxcars, and 7 flatcars. How many ways can a train be
made up consisting of 2 tank cars, 5 boxcars, and 3 flatcars? (In this case, order is not important.)

Q#3 There are 7 women and 5 men in a department. How many ways can a committee of 4 people be
selected? How many ways can this committee be selected if there must be 2 men and 2 women on the
committee? How many ways can this committee be selected if there must be at least 2 women on the
committee?

Q#4 The Hawaiian alphabet consists of 7 consonants and 5 vowels. How many three-letter “words”
are possible if there are never two consonants together and if a word must always end in a vowel?

CONCEPT OF PROBABILITY:

Q#1 Classify each statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective
probability.

a. The probability that a person will watch the

6 o’clock evening news is 0.15.

b. The probability of winning at a Chuck-a-Luck game is 5/36 .

c. The probability that a bus will be in an accident on a specific run is about 6%.

d. The probability of getting a royal flush when five cards are selected at random is 1/649,7 40 .
Q#2 Classify each statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective
probability.

a. The probability that a student will get a C or better in a statistics course is about 70%.

b. The probability that a new fast-food restaurant will be a success in Chicago is 35%.

c. The probability that interest rates will rise in the next 6 months is 0.50.

d. The probability that the unemployment rate will fall next month is 0.03.

Q#3 If a die is rolled one time, find these probabilities:

a. Getting a 7

b. Getting an odd number

c. Getting a number less than 7

d. Getting a prime number (2, 3, or 5)

Q#4 If a die is rolled one time, find these probabilities:

a. Getting a number less than 7.

b. Getting a number greater than or equal to 3

c. Getting a number greater than 2 and an even number

d. Getting a number less than 1

Q#5 If two dice are rolled one time, find the probability of getting these results:

a. A sum of 5

b. A sum of 9 or 10

c. Doubles

Q#6 If two dice are rolled one time, find the probability of getting these results:

a. A sum less than 9

b. A sum greater than or equal to 10

c. A 3 on one die or on both dice.

Q#7 If one card is drawn from a deck, find the probability of getting these results:

a. An ace
b. A heart

c. A 6 of spades

d. A 10 or a jack

e. A card whose face values less than 7 (Count aces as 1.)

MUTUALLY AND NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS:

Q#1 In the United States there are 59 different species of mammals that are endangered, 75 different
species of birds that are endangered, and 68 species of fish that are endangered. If one animal is
selected at random, find the probability that it is either a mammal or a fish.

Q#2 The corporate research and development centers for three local companies have the Following
numbers of employees:

U.S. Steel 110

Alcoa 750

Bayer Material Science 250

If a research employee is selected at random, find the probability that the employee is employed by
U.S. Steel or Alcoa.

Q#3 In a survey, 8% of the respondents said that their favorite ice cream flavor is cookies and cream,
and 6% like mint chocolate chip. If a person is selected at random, find the probability that her or his
favorite ice cream flavor is either cookies and cream or mint chocolate chip.

Q#4 A single card is drawn at random from an ordinary deck of cards. Find the probability that it is
either a 9 or a diamond.

Q#5 On New Year’s Eve, the probability of a person driving while intoxicated is 0.32, the probability of
a person having a driving accident is 0.09, and the probability of a person having a driving accident
while intoxicated is 0.06. What is the probability of a person driving while intoxicated or having a
driving accident?

Q#6 Determine whether these events are mutually exclusive:

a. Draw a card: get a spade and get a 6

b. Roll a die: get a prime number (2, 3, 5)

c. Roll two dice: get a sum of 7 or get a sum that is an even number

d. Select a student at random in your class: get a male or get a sophomore

Q#7 The probability that John will drive to school is 0.37, the probability that he will ride with friends
is 0.23, and the probability that his parents will take him is 0.4. He is not allowed to have passengers
in the car when he is driving. What is the probability that John will have company on the way to
school?

Q#8 A single card is drawn at random from an ordinary deck of cards. Find the probability that it
is either a 9 or a diamond.

INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT EVENTS:

Q#1 An urn contains 2 red balls, 5 blue balls, and 3 white balls. A ball is selected and its color is noted.
Then it is replaced. A second ball is selected and its color is noted. Find the probability of each of these
events.

a. Selecting 3 blue balls

b. Selecting 1 white ball and then a red ball

c. Selecting 2 blue balls and then one white ball

Q#2 Sixty-nine percent of U.S. heads of household play video or computer games. Choose 4 heads of
household at random. Find the probability that

a. None play video or computer games.

b. All four do.

Q#3 The Gallup Poll reported that 52% of Americans used a seat belt the last time they got into a car.
If 4 people are selected at random, find the probability that they all used a seat belt the last time they
got into a car.

Q#5 For a specific year, 5.2% of U.S. workers were unemployed. During that time, 33% of
those who were unemployed received unemployment benefits. If a person is selected at
random, find the probability that she or he received unemployment benefits if the person
is unemployed.

Q#6 Three cards are drawn from an ordinary deck and not replaced. Find the probability of
these events.
a. Getting 3 jacks
b. Getting an ace, a king, and a queen in order
c. Getting a club, a spade, and a heart in order
d. Getting 3 clubs

CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY:
Q#1 In 2013 about 66% of fulltime law enforcement workers were sworn officers, and of those, 88.4%
were male. Females however make up 60.7% of civilian employees. Choose one law enforcement
worker at random and find the following.

a. The probability that she is a female sworn officer

b. The probability that he is a male civilian employee

c. The probability that he or she is male or a civilian employee

Q#2 It is reported that 72% of working women use computers at work. Choose 5 working women at
random. Find

a. The probability that at least 1 doesn’t use a computer at work

b. The probability that all 5 use a computer in their jobs.

INDEX NUMBER:

Q#1 PNC Bank Inc., which has its headquarters in Pittsburgh, reported the following commercial
loan totals for years 2008 through 2015. Using 2008 as the base, develop a simple index of
commercial loans for the following years.

Q#2 The table below reports the earnings per share of common stock for Home Depot Inc. for 2003
through 2015. Develop an index, with 2003 as the base, for earnings per share for years 2004
through 2015.

Q#3

i) Determine the simple price indexes.

 ii) Determine the simple aggregative price index for the year 2000 and 2017.

iii) Determine the Laspeyres index.

iv) Determine the Paasches index.

Q#4

i) Determine the simple price indexes.

ii) Determine the simple aggregative price index for the year 2000 and 2017.

iii) Determine the Laspeyres index.

iv) Determine the Paasches index.