EEE 311: Digital Signal Processing I

Lecture 01

Shaikh A. Fattah

Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

BUET, Dhaka Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Lecture-01 1
 Signals

• Signals contain stream of information.

• Information about the state or behavior of a system.
• Information generally has a pattern of variations.
• Hence, a signal can be represented mathematically as a
function of one or more independent variables.
1D signal: speech (independent variable- time (t)),
2D signal: Image (independent variable- spatial variables (x, y))

Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Lecture-01 2
 System and Signal Processing
System:
Signal generation is associated to system
(system response to source/stimulus/force/excitation)
A device that performs operation on signals.
(physical device or software realization)
Example: Noise reduction filter, frequency analyzer

Signal Processing:
Manipulate signal to get some processed information
Filtering: Extract/remove certain portion
Compression
Coding
Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Lecture-01 3
 Various Types of Signal

• Continuous-time (analog) and discrete-time signals

• Continuous valued and discrete valued signals
• Digital Signal (discrete-time and discrete amplitude)
• Multi-channel Signal
• Multi-dimensional Signal (1D, 2D, 3D…)
• Deterministic and random signals

Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Lecture-01 4
 Analog Signal Processing
Most real-world signals are analog
– They are continuous in time and amplitude
– Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and
transducers

Analog signal processing examples

– Analog circuits: Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors,

Amplifiers,…
– Audio processing in FM radios
– Video processing in traditional TV sets

Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
ELEC 442/6601 Lecture-01 5
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 Advantages of Digital Signal Processing
✓ Better Accuracy and tolerances, Less undesired nonlinearities)
✓ Better storage facility and scope of offline computation
✓ Flexibility to modify/reconfigure the design by simply changing
the programs (in analog SP, needs redesign, testing, verification)
✓ Opportunity for repeatability
✓ Less sensitive to electrical noise
✓ Ease of implementation
✓ Lower cost

Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
ELEC 442/6601 Lecture-01 6
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 Digital Signal Processing
Represent signals by a sequence of numbers: Sampling or A/D conversions
Perform processing with a digital processor: Digital signal processing
Reconstruct analog signal: Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion
digital digital
signal signal
analog analog
signal A/D DSP D/A signal

Digital signals: discrete both in time and amplitude

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Sampling: A continuous to discrete-time conversion

Quantization: An interpretation of a continuous quantity by a

finite set of discrete values

Fattah

Dr. Shaikh A. Fattah, Prof, Dept. of EEE, BUET Digital Signal Processing-I
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/drshaikhfattah/
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Lecture-01 7