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los fundamentos de la electricidad
profesora, Vanessa Thompson
Martes, jueves 12 - 2
En esta clase, los estudiantes aprenden los conceptos básicos de la electricidad. Primero,
aprenden cómo se crea la electricidad. Esto lleva a un estudio en profundidad de electrones.
Luego, los estudiantes aprenden sobre la carga eléctrica, la corriente y la resistencia. También
descubren cómo un material conduce la corriente. Finalmente, los estudiantes aprenden a
medir la electricidad. Estudian unidades de medida como amperios, voltios, ohmios y vatios. Al
final de la clase, los estudiantes hacen un proyecto final. Cada estudiante construye su propio
circuito eléctrico.
1. AMPERE: AMPERIO
Unit of intensity of the electric current of the International System, symbol A, which is
equivalent to the intensity of an electric current.
Example
What instrument can we use to measure the ampere? the ammeter
2. CHARGE: CARGA
Electric charge is an intrinsic physical property of some subatomic particles that is manifested
by attractive and repulsive forces between them through electromagnetic fields.
Example
electric charge can circulate through the human body

3. CONDUCTS: CONDUCTOR
An electrical conductor is a material that offers little resistance to the movement of electric
charge. Its atoms are characterized by having few electrons in their valence shell, so it does not
take much energy for them to jump from one atom to another.
water is a good electrical conductor
4. CURRENT: CORRIENTE
An electric current is an ordered movement of free charges, usually electrons, through a

conductive material in an electrical circuit. Depending on how this movement of the sea we
can distinguish between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC).
Example
What intensity of current would circulate through each resistance if they were connected in
parallel?
Parallel resistors do not each get the total current; they divide it. The current entering a
parallel combination of resistors is equal to the sum of the current through each resistor in
parallel.
5. ELECTRON: ELECTRON
The lightest essential particle that makes up an atom and that has the least possible charge in
terms of negative electricity is known as an electron. It is a subatomic element that is located
around the nucleus of the atom, formed by neutrons and protons.
Example
For example, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are elements, but water (H2O) H 2 O ) which is made
of hydrogen and oxygen is NOT.13/12/2021
6. OHM: OHMIOS
Is the derived unit of electrical resistance in the International System of Units.
Example
the intensity of the electric current flowing through an electrical conductor is directly
proportional to the applied potential difference and inversely proportional to its resistance
7. RESISTENCE: RESISTENCIA
Opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor is called electrical resistance
Example
Current must struggle to flow through the small coils of a toaster,
enough to generate heat that browns bread.
8. ELECTRICITY: ELECTRIDAD
a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such

as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a
current
Example
Where is electricity more expensive in relation to the cost of living?
The May 2023 Report uses the U.S. Energy Information Administration's data from February to
show that Utah residents paid the lowest electricity bills in the country on average. On the other
side, Hawaii residents paid the highest electricity bills of any state.
9. VOLTS: VOLTIO
The volt or volt, by symbol V, is the unit derived from the International System for electric
potential, electromotive force, and electric voltage.
Example
The back of the panel was a web of connections, gaskets, and wires running through a 380 volt
current.
1. WATTS: WATTS
The watt or watt (symbol: W) is the coherent derived unit of the International System of Units
(SI) for power. It is equal to 1 July per second (1 J / s).
Introducción a la electricidad
Corriente continua/ directa
La corriente continua es el tipo de electricidad que proviene de las baterías. se mueve de lo

negativo a lo positivo.
Corriente Alterna
la corriente alterna es cuando la polaridad cambia de un lado a otro entre positivo y negativo.
La velocidad a la que cambia la polaridad se mide en hercios CA y se puede cambiar a CC
usando un transformador o diodo. Este proceso se conoce como rectificación.
términos adicionales
La capacitancia es la capacidad de almacenar una cantidad de electricidad en un campo

eléctrico. La inductancia es la capacidad de almacenar electricidad en un campo magnético. El
impacto de los capacitores e inductores en una corriente alterna se conoce como reactancia.
La impedancia es una forma de evaluar la facilidad con la que la electricidad pasa a través de
un dispositivo eléctrico.
1. Capacitance: capacitancia
Capacitance is the capability of a material object or device to store electric charge. It is

measured by the change in charge in response to a difference in electric potential, expressed
as the ratio of those quantities.
If some components are broken, the capacitance value will decrease.
2. Inductance: inductancia
Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric

current flowing through it. The flow of electric current creates a magnetic field around the
conductor. The field strength depends on the magnitude of the current, and follows any
changes in current.
Make sure to test the coil with your inductance meter.
3. Impedance: impedancia
impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of

resistance and reactance in a circuit.
For instance, a short circuit has an impedance of zero ohms.
4. Reactance: reactancia
In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by

inductance and capacitance.[1] Greater reactance gives smaller current for the same applied
voltage. Reactance is similar to resistance in this respect, but does not lead to dissipation of
electrical energy as heat; instead, energy is momentarily stored in the reactance, and a
quarter-cycle later returned to the circuit.
Frequency: the inductive reactance is directly proportional to the frequency (XL = 2πfL)
5. Rectification: rectificación
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The reverse
operation (converting DC to AC) is performed by an inverter.
Also known as a silicon controlled rectifier or SCR.

6. Transformer: transformador
A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical
circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any coil of the
transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a
varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core.
Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic
(conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered
in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux
encircled by the coil.
If the difference is large, the transformer has a problem.
7. Hertz: hercios
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI),
equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. The hertz is an SI derived unit whose
expression in terms of SI base units is s−1, meaning that one hertz is the reciprocal of one
second. It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894), the first person to provide
conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly
expressed in multiples: kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz).
Electromagnetic frequencies are described in units called hertz (Hz).
8. Direct current : corriente continua
Direct current (DC) is an electric current that is uni-directional, so the flow of charge is
always in the same direction. As opposed to alternating current, the direction and
amperage of direct currents do not change. It is used in many household electronics and
in all devices that use batteries.
My motorcycle's battery is direct current.
9. Alternating current: corriente alterna
alternating current, abbreviation AC, flow of electric charge that periodically reverses. It
starts, say, from zero, grows to a maximum, decreases to zero, reverses, reaches a
maximum in the opposite direction, returns again to the original value, and repeats this
cycle indefinitely.
Electric power in Argentina is 220 volt, 50-cycle alternating current.
10. Capacitors: capacitores
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by virtue of

accumulating electric charges on two close surfaces insulated from each other. It is a
passive electronic component with two terminals.
he radio is tuned by a 540 pF capacitor.

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los fundamentos de la electricidad

profesora, Vanessa Thompson

What instrument can we use to measure the ampere? the ammeter

electric charge can circulate through the human body

water is a good electrical conductor

An electric current is an ordered movement of free charges, usually electrons, through a

Is the derived unit of electrical resistance in the International System of Units.

Current must struggle to flow through the small coils of a toaster,

enough to generate heat that browns bread.

a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such

Where is electricity more expensive in relation to the cost of living?

Corriente continua/ directa

La corriente continua es el tipo de electricidad que proviene de las baterías. se mueve de lo

La capacitancia es la capacidad de almacenar una cantidad de electricidad en un campo

Capacitance is the capability of a material object or device to store electric charge. It is

If some components are broken, the capacitance value will decrease.

Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric

impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of

For instance, a short circuit has an impedance of zero ohms.

In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by

Also known as a silicon controlled rectifier or SCR.

If the difference is large, the transformer has a problem.

Electromagnetic frequencies are described in units called hertz (Hz).

8. Direct current : corriente continua

My motorcycle's battery is direct current.

9. Alternating current: corriente alterna

Electric power in Argentina is 220 volt, 50-cycle alternating current.

10. Capacitors: capacitores

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by virtue of

he radio is tuned by a 540 pF capacitor.

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