Relative Clause

This article will help you know what a relative clause is and how you can learn to use
one. Relative clauses supplement sentences by providing more information. Here we
shall describe how to recognize them in a sentence and provide recommendations to
assist in its grammatical comprehension.

What Are Relative Clauses?

A relative clause is utilized to offer further details about the nouns. A relative clause
is a type of subordinate clause in which a noun is adapted, described, or modified.
They are preceded by a relative pronoun like 'that,' 'which,' 'who,' 'whose,' 'where,' or
'when.'

Relative clauses appear immediately after the term to which they refer. This could
occur at the conclusion of a sentence or in the center of the sentence. Whenever
positioned in the midst of a sentence, the relative clauses are usually surrounded by
comma.

Relative clauses are sentence components that are optional. They may provide
meaning, yet the sentence will still work properly if they are eliminated. In English,
relative clauses are classified into two forms. It is critical to distinguish between them
since it influences the pronoun used to initiate the clause.

Defining relative clauses is used to provide crucial details about somebody or some
object. It provides the information which we require to grasp what or who is being
alluded to. A defining relative phrase is frequently followed by the term it describes.
How Do You Define Relative Clauses?
A relative clause is a kind of subordinate clause which provides more information
about a noun. A relative pronoun - terms like who, whom, which, that, or whose -
connects it to the main clause of a sentence.

It's reliant since it's a subordinate sentence, which implies it doesn't make logical
sense on its own. It must be linked to the primary clause of a sentence in order to
make sense.
So the relative clauses are often utilized for providing extra details about the noun.
You can use them to jazz up simple sentences. They are preceded by a relative
pronoun such as 'that,' 'which,' 'who,' 'whose,' 'where,' and 'when.'

What Is a Relative Clause Word?

Relative clause words are used to construct complicated sentences by avoiding the
use of the same pronoun two times in the same sentence.

What Are Some Good Examples of Relative

Clauses?
Relative clauses supplement sentences with information by utilizing relative
pronouns like who, that, or which. Below are a few instances of relative clauses with
the relative clause highlighted.
 1. She resides in Mathura, which is a temple city. That's the student who
stays near campus.

2. Samuel adores his new chair, which was really comfy.

What Exactly Are Relative Pronouns?

A relative pronoun is a term that shows and links the dependent (or relative) clauses
with the independent clauses. Relative pronouns include who, whom, what, which,
and that. The phrase which starts with a relative pronoun is ready to answer inquiries
like "Which one?" How many are there? Or What type?

What Are the Various Forms of Relative Clauses?

There are two basic forms of relative clauses. A noun or noun phrase is one sort of
relative clause (these are defining and non-defining relative clauses). In contrast, the
other type refers to a complete sentence or paragraph, particularly when speaking.
Read on to know more about these two kinds of relative clauses.

Defining versus non-defining relative clauses: A defining relative clause defines

or describes the noun (or noun phrase) that follows it. In this instance, the relative
sentence is in bold, while the individual or item being referenced to is underlined:

She is going to show you the seats that are left.

Relative clauses that refer to an entire sentence:

The other kind of relative clause is one that refers to an entire sentence or stretch of
text (they are often known as sentential relative clauses). Which is always used to
show this type of relative clause.

As an example:
But I believe Sanju felt disappointed about that, which is reasonable.

What Is a Defining Relative Clause?

Defining relative clauses provides us with important details. This is info that informs
us who or what we're discussing. To begin a defining relative sentence, we
commonly employ a relative pronoun or adverb such as who, which, that, when,
where, or whose.

As an example:
She lives in London, which she enjoys.

A defining or identifying clause indicates which particular individual or object is being

discussed within a larger group of individuals or things. The meaning of the sentence
changes significantly when a defining relative clause is eliminated. Commas or
parentheses are not utilized to distinguish defining relative clauses from the body of
the phrase.

1. The man who attended me in the clinic was very caring.

2. The device that I purchased last week is already damaged.

3. The person who snatched my suitcase has been imprisoned.

4. The climate that we had this spring was gorgeous.

What Is a Non-Defining Relative Clause?

A non-defining or non-essential clause provides additional details about the
individual or thing being discussed. We lose some detail when we eliminate a
non-defining relative clause from a phrase, but the general meaning of the statement
stays the same. Commas or parentheses are utilized to distinguish the non-defining
relative clause from the remaining sentence.

1. The gardener, whose name was Eric, sold us 10 kg of vegetables.

2. Elephants, which are the biggest land mammals, reside in herds of 10 or

more grownups.

3. The writer, who earned a degree from the same university I did, gave a
fantastic presentation.

4. My aunt, who is 86, lives in London.

How to Spot a Relative Clause

A relative clause, also known as an adjective or adjectival clause, must meet three
criteria:

○ It has a subject and a verb.

○ It starts with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, that, or which) or the
relative adverbs (when, where, or why).

○ It will also serve as an adjective, resolving the question of What kind? How
many are there? Which one it is?
Individuals can use a basic pattern and formula to recognize a relative clause or
even write their unique relative clause. Look at this dependable relative clause
formula:

Relative pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb = Relative clause

Relative pronoun as the Subject + Verb = Relative clause

An example of this formula in use :

'Which Frank did not receive. '
Which = relative pronoun, Frank = Subject, did receive= verb.

Uses Of a Relative Clause

Although using relative clauses in sentence construction could be natural and easy
for English speakers, there are a few suggestions to follow if you aren't sure how to
arrange them.

1. Describe how your clause contributes to the sentence. Whenever you insert a
relative clause into your sentence, decide if it is restrictive or non-restrictive.
Commas are not required for restrictive clauses that contribute crucial details to the
meaning of your statement. Non-restrictive clauses, which provide additional details
that a phrase can perform without, are denoted by commas.

2. Use the correct relative pronoun or adverb. Your relative clause should start with a
relative pronoun or adverb that expands on the noun it refers to. "Who" substitutes
subject pronouns used to allude to individuals, and "whom" substitutes object
pronouns used to refer to persons. When alluding to a possessive state, "whose" is
utilized in non-restrictive clauses, "which" relates to objects and species, while "that"
pertains to individuals and objects in restrictive clauses. Relative adverbs are utilized
to expound on a location (through "where"), a time (by "when"), and the cause for
something occurring (via "why").

3. Use "-ing" to substitute the relative pronoun. To make your phrase more concise,
add "-ing" to the verb inside your relative clause to replace a relative pronoun. "The
person standing by the table has a great shirt," for example, is correct. Saying
"sitting" enables you to remove the relative pronoun phrase "who is," which could
come before that verb.

How Should a Relative Clause Be Punctuated?

Punctuating relative clauses can be challenging. It is crucial when you require the
information provided by a relative clause. You must evaluate whether the relative
clause is necessary or non-essential for each sentence and apply commas
accordingly. Commas are not required for essential clauses.

For instance;

Essential

I spoke to the woman that was standing beside me.

Non- Essential

The girl, who was sitting beside me, informed me about her new project. The clause
'that was sitting beside me in the first instance is vital to the sentence and specifies
who the girl is; therefore, we aren't required to punctuate it with commas.

In the second example, however, the word 'who is sitting beside me is unnecessary
because it just describes the girl in greater detail. As a result, we must employ
commas to punctuate the clause. You might also use brackets or hyphens to
punctuate a clause like this.
Relative Clause Examples

What Are Relative Clauses?

A relative clause connects concepts by utilizing pronouns that refer to something
addressed previously, allowing the writer to merge two separate clauses into one
sentence. An adjective clause is another name for a relative clause.

Relative clauses, also known as adjective clauses, are dependent clauses that alter
nouns or pronouns. They consist of the subjects and the verb or verb phrases that
are presented by relative pronouns and relative adverbs. These pronouns and
adverbs are known as relative since they connect the clause to the words they alter.

Relative pronouns include that, who, whom, whose, and which, whereas relative
adverbs include where, when, and why.

They are utilized to change the meaning of a noun that is either the subject or the
object of a sentence.

As an example:

1. She is the lady who he saw last week at the wedding.

2. I purchased a book which was released in Europe last year.

"Who he saw at the wedding" is a relative clause that implies to the sentence's
subject, "lady." The object of the verb "purchased" is described as "which was
released in Europe."
Intermediate-level English students must study relative clauses in order to
strengthen their writing skills and begin composing more complicated sentences.
Relative clauses serve to connect two distinct ideas that might otherwise be
conveyed in two distinct sentences.

Let us have a look at some of the examples:

1. That is the university.

2. I attended that school as a kid.

3. That is the university (that) I attended as a kid.

4. That's a lovely Mercedes over there !

5. I'd like to purchase that car.

6. I'd want to purchase that lovely automobile over there.

How Should Relative Clauses Be Used?

To convey additional information, utilize relative clauses. This info can either
describe something (defining clause) or supply extraneous but significant information
(non-defining clause).

Relative clauses can be presented in the following ways:

 ○ A relative pronoun is one of the following: who (whom), which, that, or whose.

○ There is no relative pronoun.

○ Instead of a relative pronoun, use where, why, and when.

When determining the relative pronoun to employ, keep the following in mind:

1. Is it a relative clause's subject, object, or possessive?

2. Is it a reference to an individual or an object?

3. Is the relative clause a describing relative clause or a non-defining relative

clause?

In both spoken and written English, relative clauses are frequently utilized.
Non-defining relative clauses are more commonly used in written English than in
speaking English.

The Importance of Relative Clause Definition

The information contained in a defining relative clause is critical to interpreting the
sentence's meaning.

Examples:

1. The lady who resides in flat number 22 has been detained.

2. The file that I require has "urgent" written on the corner.

A defining relative clause's objective is to clearly describe who or what we are

discussing. It can be challenging to determine who or what is addressed without this
detail.

For instance, the building is being rebuilt.

It is not always evident which building is being rebuilt in this scenario.

Non-defining relative clauses add intriguing information that isn't necessary for
comprehending the sentence's meaning.

Example: Mrs. Robinson, who is very smart, resides on edge.

Punctuation is critical in non-defining relative clauses. A comma is placed just before

the relative pronoun and at the conclusion of the clause if the non-defining relative
clause appears in the midst of a sentence. A comma is placed before the relative
pronoun if the non-defining relative phrase appears at the conclusion of a sentence.
There are no commas when defining relative clauses.

Examples:

1. Kids that engage in fire play are in very danger of an accident.

2. The individual who purchased all of Freud's books has expired.

In written English, "who" and "which" are more common, whilst "that" is more
common in speech when alluding to things.

Relative Pronouns and Defining Relative Clauses Examples :

1. That's the kid (who, whom) I introduced to the event.

2. There's the property (that, which) I'd like to purchase.

Possessive Use of Relative Pronouns

Examples:

1. He's the guy whose vehicle was stolen last weekend.

2. They were certain to visit the city whose place was little-known.

That (rather than which) is preferred after the below-mentioned words: all, any(thing),
every(thing), few, little, many, many, no(thing), none, some(thing), and superlatives.
When referring to an item with a pronoun, "that" might be removed.

Examples:

1. It contained everything (that) he had ever desired.

2. There were just some that piqued his interest.

Examples:

1. Freddy, who was one of the greatest talented artists in rock 'n roll, arrived
from San Francisco.

2. Delhi, whose name is taken from the Hindi language, is the capital of India.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses And Relative Pronouns

Examples:

1. Fred welcomed Janet, who (whom) he had met in Asia, to the club.

2. Paul purchased his favourite vintage book, which he purchased at a flea

market, to show his colleagues.

In non-defining clauses, the word "that" must never be used.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses and Possessive Use

Example:

1. The artist, whose latest single was a big hit, was posing for pictures.

2. The painter, whose name he couldn't recall, was among the best he'd seen
yet.

In non-defining relative clauses, the word "which" might refer to the entire clause.

Example:

He arrived for the weekend donning only shorts and a vest, which was a poor
decision.

In non-defining relative clauses, we employ the terms like "of," "before," "whom," and
"which" after numerals and phrases like "many," "most," "neither," and "some."

Example:

Many of those folks, the majority of whom had a positive experience, spent at least a
year overseas. Dozens of individuals had been invited, the vast majority of whom I
knew.
Examples of Relative Clause
1. I'd like to decorate the room with a hue that is bright.
(The relative clause is "that is bright". It includes the relative pronoun that, which also
serves as the clause's subject, as well as the verb is. The clause changes the noun
hue. )

2. The individual to whom Candy owes the heartfelt thanks is her mom.
( To whom Candy owes the heartfelt thanks is a relative clause. The relative pronoun
whom, the subject Candy, and the verb owes are all present. (The clause alters the
noun individually. )

3. The drama, which started last weekend, has been a full house.

(Which started last weekend is a relative clause.) It includes the relative pronoun
which, which also serves as the clause's subject, as well as the verb started. (The
clause alters the noun drama. )

4. We'll be seeing a pop group whose leading vocalist is a colleague of ours.

( Whose leading vocalist is a colleague of ours is a relative clause. The relative

pronoun whose, the subject vocalist, and the verb is are all included. The clause
alters the noun group. )

5. I'm purchasing a present for the friend who helped me migrate.

(Who assisted me to immigrate is a relative clause.) It includes the relative pronoun

who, which also serves as the clause's subject, as well as the verb assisted. The
clause alters the noun's friend. )
6. Jim Corbett National Park, which was established in 1936, was the nation's first
nature reserve.

(A relative clause is "which established in 1872.") It comprises the relative pronoun,

which also serves as the subject of the clause and the verb established. The clause
alters the noun Jim Corbett National Park.

7. The institution where my brother goes to study is in Scotland.

(where my brother goes to study is a relative clause. The relative adverb where the
subject brother and the verb goes are all included. The clause alters the noun
institution. )

8. My parents are planning a vacation during the month when I qualify for my high
school diploma.

(when I earn my high school diploma is a relative clause.) The relative adverb when,
the subject I, and the verb qualify are all present. The clause alters the noun month. )

9. Our early meeting is the cause why we require to depart right away in the night.

(why we require to depart right away at night is a relative clause.) It includes the
relative adverb why, as well as the subject we and verb require. The clause alters the
noun cause.

10. Helen visited the workplace where her father works.

( Where her father works is a relative clause. The relative adverb where the subject
father and the verb works are all present. The sentence alters the noun workplace. )

11. Summer is the time when I enjoy the most.

(The clause "when I enjoy the most" is a relative clause. The relative adverb when
the subject I and the verb enjoy are all present. (The clause alters the noun time. )

12. Marcos rode to the lakeside, where he enjoys fishing.

(where he enjoys fishing is a relative clause.) The relative adverb there, the subject
he, and the verb likes are all present. Lake is a noun modified by the clause. )
Adjective Clause
The adjective clause is a depending clause. It comprises a subject and a verb. Also,
an adjective clause performs the same role as an adjective.

What Exactly Is an Adjective Clause?

Adjectival clauses are dependent clauses that act as an adjective in the sentences.
These are also referred as the adjective clause. A subject and a verb are always
present in an adjective clause. It cannot, however, exist alone as a complete or full
notion.

An adjective clause often starts with one of the below-mentioned words:

○ Relative Pronouns: These include that, where, who, whom and which.

○ Conjunctions of Subordination: These include when, where, whatever, why,

and how.

These clauses enable you to join two statements into one by utilizing relative
pronouns

1. WHO (used for individuals as subjects )

My buddy missed the presentation + She borrowed Sandy's notebooks to study.

My buddy, who missed the presentation, borrowed Sandy's notebooks to study.

2. WHOM (used for individuals as objects )

The student won by a score + Numerous individuals adore him.

The student whom many individuals adore won by a score.

3. WHOSE (used to showcase the possession )

I respect my lecturer Simba + His phone was misplaced.

I respect lecturer Simba, whose phone was misplaced.

4. THAT (utilized for individual, location, or object and presents details essential to
describe the noun. )

I met an individual on the stop yesterday + He studies at the university.→ The

individual that I met yesterday studies at the university.

5. WHICH (used for locations and things) provides more information about the
already certain noun. )

My new vehicle requires very limited gas+ It was a present from my daughter.

My new vehicle, which was a present from my daughter, requires very limited gas.

Note: Whenever an adjective clause has additional information,

it is separated by commas.

6. WHERE and WHEN (utilized to substitute in which, on which, and so on , but not
which )

July was sorrowful for me. + I left the house that month.

In July, when I left the house, it was sorrowful for me.

I have always desired to get a big home. + Jessica lives in that home.

I have always desired to purchase a big home where Jessica lives.

7. WHY (typically showcases a noun clause)

My niece didn't come, + I don't understand why.

I don't understand why my niece didn't come.

Adjective Clause Instances
The young man whom you observed at the store attempted burglary.

In this statement, the adjective clause serves as an adjective. The adjective clause
characterizes the boy. It has a subject and a verb, "you observed," but it cannot exist
on its own as a full thought. "Whom you observed at the store" is a partial statement.

The concertgoers, who paid between $45 and $100, had to wait till the rain stopped.

Similarly, the adjective phrase, in this case, characterizes concert goers.

Some more Adjective Clause Examples

Now that you understand what an adjective clause is, it may be useful to look at
some instances of adjective clauses before delving into the specifics of adjective
clause usage.

Consider the following sentences that use adjective clauses.

1. The roses that we bought last week have faded.

2. My buddy, who wears glasses, was absent from school yesterday.

3. The kid, who alleged to have a fractured wrist, grabbed the ball.

4. Ben's cat, who ate the mice, was sick.

5. The thief who broke into my residenceis on civil trial.

So an adjective clause is a multi-word adjective that comprises both the subjects and
the verbs.
An adjective is typically thought of as an individual word employed in front of a noun
to alter its meanings (e.g., big building, naughty kitten, obedient assistant). An
adjective can, however, also take the format of an adjective clause.

An adjective clause, like all clauses, follows after the noun(s) it changes and is
composed of many terms, including the subject and the verb.

Adjective Clauses' Functionality

Adjective clauses act similarly to adjectives in that they alter nouns. Adjective
clauses are useful in writing because they make them more precise and detailed.

Using an Adjective Clause to Form a Sentence

Read on to explore full adjective clauses, as well as an example of an adjective
clause

An adjective clause might help to make writing more precise. As a result, two distinct
clauses can be joined to form a single full sentence. This fresh sentence will have
both -i.e. an independent and dependent clause (the adjective clause).

There are two independent clauses in the below-mentioned sentence:

The flat is on the corner. I love the flat.

To integrate these sentences, first, decide which separate clause to delete. For this
example, we'll use the other sentence.

Then, include the relative pronoun and relative adverb at the start of that phrase.

So, it will be re-worded as The flat is on the corner, that I love the flat.

Please note that the above sentence is grammatically incorrect but is just used as an
instance to explain the integration.

Within the initial independent clause, add the segment beginning with the relative
pronoun/adverb between both the subject and verb.

As a result, the statement will be

The flat that I love is the flat on the corner.

The object of the second statement, "the flat," is now superfluous in this statement. It
must be deleted.

Finally, the flat that I love is on the corner.

The adjective clause "that I enjoy" now unites the two independent phrases that were
previously separate.

The Adjective Clause's Components

An adjective phrase is made up of basic pieces that their common patterns can
distinguish.

1. It will begin with a relative pronoun or relative adverb.

2. It will always consist of a subject and a verb.

3. It will often tell you something about the noun.

Elements of an Adjective Clause
A relative pronoun or relative adverb + subject + verb

1. The blanket that I purchased is brown.My grandpa recalls when the stock
market plummeted.

2. That kid, who is in second class, won the robotics competition.

Relative pronoun as subject + verb

1. This is the individual who visited.

2. I don't remember the kid who visited.

Rules and Ways to Punctuate an Adjective Clause

Adjective clause punctuation: As adjective clauses are dependent clauses, these
must be linked to a separate (main) clause.

Commas are not required in restrictive adjective clauses (also known as essential
adjective clauses) since they are needed to ascertain a non-specific subject.

Restrictive Adjective Clause Example

The kid won an award.

The subject of this sentence is vague. Which kid took home the award?

An adjective clause will provide the required information to determine which kid is
being addressed.

1. The reward went to the kid who danced solo.

2. The kid who danced solo received the award.

The subject is now more explicit, thanks to the adjective clause.

Nonrestrictive adjective clauses (also known as nonessential adjective clauses) need

commas since they add details to an already specified subject. They add to the
topic's knowledge, yet the particular subject is already known.

Nonrestrictive Adjective Clause Example

Example: Martha received a reward.

The subject is specified in this statement. The readers are aware of who earned the
reward.

An adjective clause will offer further information about Mary.

Mary, who performed a single, received the reward.

The adjective clause now adds more information to the sentence.

Subject and Verb in Adjective Clauses

Each adjective sentence has a subject and a verb that functions together to explain
the original noun being altered. For example, the clause "which many individuals
like" comprises the subject individuals and the verb like, but it is not a full sentence
on its own. Instead, it serves to expand on the noun candy in the sentence, "Candy,
which many individuals like, is unhealthy."

In some circumstances, the relative pronoun also acts as the clause's subject. For
instance, Individuals who are intelligent obey the rules. In the sentence, the adjective
clause is "who are intelligent," and the relative pronoun 'who' also serves as the
subject.

Adjective Clauses in Common Use

Examine some more adjective clause instances. As you go through these, see if you
can analyse and assess which of these are essential and which aren't.

Consider whether the information is required for the sentence's meaning. Is

punctuation necessary ?

1. The puppy that I took home from the shelter quickly fell asleep.

2. The moment will arrive when you feel bad for the actions you've taken.

3. The intelligent teenager, whose family are my friends, went to a prestigious

institution.

4. The old car, which my mother purchased last week,broke down today.

5. The cause that Helen failed the examinationis that she didn't prepare.
So, in the sentences mentioned above, it is clearly evident that instances 3 and 4 are
nonessential adjective clauses.

Thus, including adjective clauses in your write-ups is an excellent approach to

communicating more details about the nouns and pronouns. This additional
information will enhance your work and help the readers better comprehend your
opinions. When you grasp the concept of relative pronouns and how to distinguish
between essential and nonessential clauses, you'll have no issue recognizing and
punctuating adjective clauses in your work.

Now it's time to practice your learnings!

Adjective Clause Examples
A dependent or subordinate sentence lacks a complete thought but still has a subject
and a verb or verb phrase. So, it is unable to function as a whole sentence. Noun
clause, adjective clause, and adverb clause are all examples of dependent clauses.
How can you make a noun in your sentence more specific? You can use adjective
clauses to add more context to your nouns and to change up the structure of your
sentences. Take a glance at these adjective clause examples to see how they fit into
various sentence patterns.

Adjectives are presumably already familiar to you. They add a description or detail to
nouns and pronouns. Adjective clauses are also referred to as relative clauses.
These are word groups that include the subject and the verb and add more detail.

What is An Adjective Clause?

The dependent clauses are known as adjective clauses. These change the nouns or
pronouns just like an adjective does. Words like that, when, where, who, whom,
whose, which, and why start an adjective clause.

The information provided by an essential (or restrictive) adjective phrase is crucial for
recognizing the word it changes. The meaning of the word is already evident, but a
nonrestrictive (or non-necessary) adjective phrase adds more details about it.
Commas always separate clauses that are not essential.

Always remember to utilize 'that' for the essential clause and 'which' for
non-essential clause when considering whether to utilize the word that or which in
the adjective clauses:

Essential clause:
The painting session that Andra takes emphasizes on Pencil.

(The adjective clause in the sentence is that Andra takes' It is an essential adjective
clause. It includes the verb takes and the subject Andra. The sentence changes the
noun session and provides the relevant details. )

Nonessential clause:

The residence on the right, which pertains to Danielle, is up for sale.

The nonessential adjectival clause "which pertains to Danielle" is used. It includes

the subject which and the verb pertains. The clause adds more, nonessential, or
additional information about the noun residence by modifying it.)

So the adjective clauses commence with the below-mentioned subordinating

conjunctions (relative pronouns) :

○ Who

○ Whom

○ Whose

○ That

○ Which

○ Why

○ Where

○ When.

Adjective Clause Examples with Explanation

Now after understanding the meaning and purpose of adjectives, and adjective
clauses, let us see a few examples.

Adjective clause examples can help one better understand the concept. So here are
some of the adjective clause examples ;

1. The individual who resides next to my mansion is a champion boxer.

The adjective clause that follows and modifies the noun "individual" is "who resides
next to my mansion. "
2. I adore the novel that my dad gifted me for my last anniversary.

The adjectival clause that is changing the noun novel is "that my dad gifted me for
my last anniversary. "

3. Designers haven't been to Uae, which is one of their dream destinations to go.

"which is one of their dream destinations to go.. is the adjective clause that sits next
to the noun "Uae" and gives details about it:

However, in this instance, it is providing nonessential information about the noun it is

changing, which is why it is offset with a comma. Uae is a proper name and may be
identified without any modifications.

4. Mr. Jacob is the educator who aided me with my arithmetic operations.

(who aided me with my arithmetic operations is an adjective clause. It includes the

verb aided and the subject who. The clause alters the noun educator. )

5. The poor weather is the reason why I chose to cycle rather than stroll.

(why I chose to cycle rather than stroll is a dependent or adjective clause. It includes
the subject I and the verb chose. The sentence alters the noun reason. )

6. Bella is a woman whose parents owned a cattle farm.

Whose parents owned a cattle farm is an adjective clause. Also, the sentence
contains the verb owned and the subject parents. The sentence changes the noun
woman )

7. This is the garden where we can roam the animals.

(In this sentence, an adjective clause is where we can roam the animals. It includes
the subject we and the verb phrase can roam. The clause changes the noun garden.
)

8. Do you recall the moment when we nearly missed the bridal expo ?

In this sentence, when we nearly missed the bridal expo is the adjective clause. It
has the subject we and verb missed. The clause changes the noun moment. )

9. Girish proceeded to the workshop where he takes boxing classes.

(where he takes boxing classes is an adjective clause. It has the verb takes and the
subject he. The clause alters the noun workshop. )

10. Jackie, who is Maddy's older sister, just came from a trip to Costa Rica.
(The adjectival phrase 'who is Maddy's older sister'. It has the verb is and the subject
who. The clause alters the noun Jackie. )

11. Tuesday is the day when I have my dentist's consultation.

When I have my dentist's appointment is the adjective clause. It comprises the

subject I and verb have. The clause alters the noun day.

Adjective Clause Examples

Adjective clauses typically only add more information to a sentence without altering
its fundamental meaning. Look at these sentences that have the adjective clause
bolded.

1. Bread, which most fans enjoy, is not very nutritious.

2. Those individuals whose names are on the listwill come to the village.

3. Grandfather recalls the old times when there was no tv.

4. Apples that are sourced locallyare costly.

5. Pupils who study hardget better marks.

6. Efficient and environmentally cars, which mainly run on electricity, benefit

the environment.
 7. I know somebody whose uncle served in Kargil War.

8. The puffing noise, which is extremely frustrating, is the primary reason

Susan does not enjoy eating spaghetti with her sister.

9. The students who were admittedfirst have the best chances of finding a
space.

10. I enjoy asking folks about Jennifer, whose recent novel was brilliant.

11. The shop where the smart smartphone was being auctionedhad a big line
of individuals outside it.

A comma should be used to separate nonessential adjective clauses (clauses that

can be deleted without the reader's understanding being affected). Adjective clauses
that are necessary to a sentence's meaning cannot be omitted, and commas do not
separate them.

Reducing Adjective Clauses to Phrases

It is also possible to reduce an adjective sentence with the subject pronouns (which,
that, or who) into the adjective phrases.

How to Make an Adjective Clause Shorter

There are two techniques to shorten an adjective clause :

○ Leave out the verb and subject pronoun.

○ The subject pronoun should be removed, and the verb should now end in "ing.
"
Examples Of Adjective Clauses That Were Converted to
Adjective Phrases

Examine several samples of adjective clauses to assist you in writing an adjective

phrase:

Adjective Clause: The novels that were purchased from the shop must be
distributed.

Adjective Phrase: The novels purchased from the shop must be distributed.

Adjective Clause: The kid who is leading the line is my best classmate.
Adjective Phrase: The kid leading the line is my best classmate.

Adjective Clause: Her share of the funds, which comprised Rs.100,000, was given
to her on Sunday.

Adjective Phrase: Her share of the funds, comprised of Rs.100,000, was given to
her on Sunday.

Adjective Clause: Anything that stinks bad may be decayed.

Adjective Phrase: Anything stinking bad may be decayed.

Kinds Of Adjective Clauses

There are two different categories of adjective clauses in English, depending on the
kind of details they provide:

1. Essential adjective clauses

2. Nonessential adjective clauses

Essential Adjective Clause

Dependent clauses that add crucial or defining details to the nouns or pronouns are
known as essential adjective clauses. They do not refer to a proper or particular
noun or pronoun. Due to the fact that it provides crucial details about the noun or
pronoun, it changes, and an essential adjective phrase is crucial to the sentence's
meaning.

Examples:

1. I don't know anybody who can train my kids in swimming.

2. Individuals who can manage their time live a very comfortable life.

3. We are looking for a place where we can eat calmly.

4. I know the cause why he parted ways with you.

5. That was the time when he got engaged.

6. The parcel that you purchased yesterday was fantastic.

7. I still have the sheet that she had given me on my birthday.

Now try and read these statements without the adjective clauses. The sentences will
have a very different meanings altogether. Essential adjective clauses are also
known as the defining adjective clauses.

Nonessential Clauses

Dependent clauses called nonessential adjective clauses, add nonessential or

non-defining information to a noun or pronoun. These are spaced using commas
since the noun, or pronoun they specify is proper (already identified).

Adjective clauses that are not necessary are also referred to as non-defining
clauses.

1. Last November, we went on a holiday to Manali, which is a lovely place.

2. Smith, who is the title holder on the team, got jailed last evening.

3. Helen doesn't even know Mex, whose backpack she has taken away.

4. Paul, who is a professional comedian, is returning to India after two decades.

5. After all the traveling and purchasing, we decided against visiting the Qutub
Minar, which is a well-known landmark.

6. Bananas, which I regularly eat, are used in many recipes.

(Please remember that although "banana's" is a common noun, we are placing the
commas prior and post the adjective phrase because it only makes an observation
about them and doesn't specify which bananas the speaker is referring to.)

It is important to remember that these adjective clauses only provide extra

information that helps make a sentence more interesting and meaningful. Because
the nouns or pronouns they are modifying have already been identified or specified,
they do not provide any necessary information about them.