A project of

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs

into a German-wide transmission model

DIgSILENT TSO User Group Meeting

May 2023
Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Motivation

Requirements of TSOs-Working Group „Power Quality“

• Determination of frequency-dependent Impedance curves (Polygons) at

connection nodes
• Uniform modeling in network calculation programs used by TSOs
• geometrically modelled OHLs have a big influence on impedance calculations.

Relative (to be adopted) grid equipment:

• Overhead lines and cables

• Passive elements, e.g. MSCDN, shunt reactors, etc.
• Loads
• “Power electronic”- based equipments, e.g. HVDC, STATCOM, etc.
• Downstream 110kV-Network

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

 Workflow overview

Amprion (AMP) TransnetBW (TNG) TenneT (TTG) 50Hertz (50HZT)

Source System „A“: Source System „B“:

Overhead lines and Overhead lines and
towers towers

SNM: 50HZT
CIM CIM

SNM: TTG
Data analysis and network SNM: TNG
model enrichment
SNM: AMP

Model combination

Legend:

SNM = PF-Source Network Model

TNM = PF-Target Network Model

Manually carried out actions

TNM
Script based actions

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition

• Starting point: Asset data stored in different source systems (Amprion and TransnetBW)
- Information on tower structures: geographic coordinates, height, type, …
- Data for every single conductor along a span: mounting position at both sides at towers, conductor
information, bundle information, angle between conductor and traverse, sag, …

• Target: PowerFactory‘s geometrical overhead line (OHL) model

- based on average distances between conductors and conductors and ground
- Offers calculation of electro-magnetical coupling of active phases and earth conductors with
multiple circuits on the same or even neighbouring towers (parallel routes)

• Wish: Data exchange through an interface using a standardised format

• CIM-format with WireSpacing-profile from IEC61970 and IEC61968 as base

- Shows a good match of available parameters to what is required in the projects context
- Linked to CGMES-covered equipment (Lines, ACLineSegment, …)
- Minor changes and enhancements necessary

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition

• Tasks related to format definition:

- Check available classes and parameters
- Establish common understanding of the parameters
- Specification of the use of single parameters in the
project‘s context
- Identification of necessary enhancements/changes
- Discussions about specific topics:
• Treatment of anchor lines
• Handling of temporary construction cables

• Enhancements/changes:
+ sag-parameter in ACLineSegmentPhase-class
+ angle-parameter in WirePosition-class
+ Reference from WirePosition- to Tower-objects
Δ Change of direction of reference from
ACLineSegmentPhase- to WireSpacingInfo-
objects

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition – Angle

Aim: determination of distance

X3 Δ2-3 Δ3-1
between conductors X2 Δ1-2

X1

• Case: Straight route

T1 T2
- Δ1-2 = f(X1, X2)
- With X1-T1 = X1-T2, … Top view on the route

• Case: Curvy route

- Δ1-2 = f(X1-T1, α1-T1, X2-T1, α2-T1, X1-T2, α1-T2, X2-T2, α2-T2, l)
α2-T2
- With X1-T1 ≠ X1-T2, α1-T1 ≠ α1-T2, α1-T1 ≠ α2-T1
α1-T2
Δ1-2
- Necessity for a clear angle definition: α2-T1

• αCIM in clock direction towards traverse α1-T1

• 0 < αCIM < 180°

αCIM > 90

αCIM < 90
αCIM > 90
T2
T1

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition - sag

• Impact of the sag on calculation / model perspective:

- Model considers average conductor height above ground
2 sag
- ℎaverage = ℎtower − � 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
3
haverage
htower
• Real world cases:
Agreement:
sag = max. distance
between fictitous connection
of mounting points at the Lateral view on the route
towers
?

?
? ? Agreement:
?
sag is limited to 2/3 of htower

Cannot be covered by calculation model

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition – special line configurations

• Anchor lines:
- Insulated circuits, earthed at the ends (and along the line)
- Impact primarily on zero sequence
- Modelled as earth wires
- Not assigned to line objects in network model

• „Air-cables“:
- Metal conductor containing optic fibre for communication
purpose Earth wire
- Electrically connected at each tower to earth potential 2x380 kV circuits
- Often centrally mounted between active circuits at
average height
- Modelled as earth wire

• 110kV lines or other foreign circuits

- Not enough data to model/consider them

• Temporary construction cables 2x110 kV circuits

- Provided dummy-data
- Ignored in the model enrichment

Amprion GmbH

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition – visualisation

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Data format definition - statistics

• Exemplary figures for 1 span of 2-circuits tower with 1 earth wire:

- 2 Line objects*
- 2 ACLineSegment*
- 1 Tower object
- 1 PositionPoint object
- 1 Location object
- 1 CoordinateSystem object*
- 7 ACLineSegmentPhase objects
- 6 WireSpacingInfo objects
- 14 WirePosition objects
 Σ = 30 - 34 objects

• Total figures:
- xml-File size: TransnetBW 119 MB, Amprion 329 MB
- Object number: total 917172, Tower 24098, WirePosition 420389, ACLineSegmentPhase 210193
- Replaced line length in PF-model: 11669 km
- Enhanced routes with coupled circuits: 6468 km
*…Object referenced by
many other objects

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

Challenges in the methodology development & script implementation = steps of script execution:

• Bringing individual objects into their context / data consistency checks

• Clustering tower types with similar geometries

• Grouping of OHL spans into sets with similar geometry

• Identifying and enriching of line coupling in existing PowerFactory-model

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

Clustering tower types with similar geometries:

• Aim is to reduce the amount of geometries for performance reasons

and at the same time keep accuracy

• Clustering algorithm was developed based on given data

• Pre-filtering based on similar tower geometries

- Single-level,
- Barrel, Donau,
- Fir, Donau-barrel

• Parameter-influenced iterative clustering leads to a set of geometries for network model

- Parameters allow “configuration” of the clustering strength
 Decision of more or less resulting line couplings

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

Grouping sets of OHL spans into line coupling element:

• Criteria for detection of new line coupling:

- Phase/circuit transposition
- Change in number of conductors
(circuits, earth wires, …), e.g. T-Off
- Relevant change of tower geometry
- Relevant change of sag

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

Identifying and enriching of line coupling in PowerFactory-model:

• Assigning existing line objects to coupled lines

• Splitting of lines into coupled line sections incl. creation of auxiliary nodes

• Moving objects into unified structure:

- Folder (corresponding to Line)
- Branches (ACLineSegment)
- Lines (grouped spans,
coupled via ElmTow)

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

 Model combination

SNM: TNG
SNM: TTG

SNM: 50HZT

SNM: AMP

Pre-Processing SNM

Project combination

Legend:
Network connection
SNM = PF-Source Network Model

TNM = PF-Target Network Model

Post-Processing
Manually carried out actions

PF-Functions TNM

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

 Maintenance concept

CIM SNM: XYZ

Enrichment with
geometrical data TNM
Optional

Pre-Processing TNM
Pre-Processing SNM

Project combination

Network connection
Legend:

SNM/TNM = Source-/Target Network Model

Script based actions

Post-Processing
Updated TNM
PF-Functions

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Agenda

• Motivation

• Workflow overview

• Data format definition

• Geometrical data import and model enrichment solution

• Model combination

• Maintenance concept

• First Experience and Outlook

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

First Experience and Outlook

• Main Goal of TSOs

• Building a combined geometrically modelled OHLs in German-wide transmission system

• Requirements and challenges

• Feasibility and data availability
• Combination of different models from 4 TSOs
• different source systems
• Maintenance issue

• Validation of the Model

• Comparison with existing Data (not geometrically modelled OHLs)
• Comparison with measurements
• Criterium : Frequency sweep; Z(f)
• Excitation source
- Inrush current
- Existing furnaces
- Loadless OHL switching

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

Project team / contributors

Martin Kummer 50Hertz Transmission GmbH

Reinhard Stornowski 50Hertz Transmission GmbH
Mohammad Nazemi Amprion GmbH
Robert Dommerque Amprion GmbH
Michael Korwitz Amprion GmbH
Markus Küch Amprion GmbH
Anton Shapovalov Amprion GmbH
Stefanie Reincke TenneT TSO GmbH
Luis Ignacio Colina Jimenez TenneT TSO GmbH
Marco Lindner TransnetBW GmbH
Jiang Teng TransnetBW GmbH
Julian Decker TransnetBW GmbH
Friederike Thomas DIgSILENT GmbH
Daniel Meister DIgSILENT GmbH
Robert Pardatscher DIgSILENT GmbH

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model

 Thank you for your attention

Questions?

Dr. Mohammad Nazemi

[email protected]
Dr. Robert Pardatscher
[email protected]

Tuxyso / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA-3.0

Integration of geometrically modelled OHLs into a German-wide transmission model