Antenna Works
Antenna Works
Antenna Works
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Bengisu Yücel
Cankaya University
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Abstract
Telecommunication is the exchange of information using two or more data. In this paper, we demonstrate
the application of telecommunication technology at the beginning level by working on signals. An application of
transfer signal with transmitter antenna to receiver antenna in the air. In addition to that, this paper explains how
electromagnetic waves are transferred. We will prove this experiment with formulas.
1 Introduction
[1]An electric field is the physical field that surrounds
each electric charge and exerts a force on all other
charges in the field, either attracting or repelling them.
Electric fields originate from electric charges, or from
time-varying magnetic fields. Electric fields and mag-
netic fields are both manifestations of the electromag- Figure 2: Direction of the waves
netic force, one of the four fundamental forces (or inter-
actions) of nature. [2]A magnetic field is a vector field
that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric
charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. We
[3]The transmitting antenna radiates the radio waves
use an oscilloscope, two cables which are duty to being
in space in all directions. These radio waves travel
antennas and AC generator. We change the frequencies
with the velocity of light 3x108m/sec. The radio waves
and examine the best frequency band to transfer the sig-
are electromagnetic waves and possess the same gen-
nal correctly and find the maximum power transfer. In
eral properties.For the radiation at least antenna length
a wireless communication system, the signal goes in the
should be bigger than, λ/4. For modulation we need,
electromagnetic field. So, Maxwell’s equations is carry
weight with the electromagnetic field
dB • Wireless Communication,
∇×E =− (1)
dT
2 Laboratory Work
Figure 1: Direction of the waves
In this laboratory work, we set Vpp as ten volts. The
phase is zero degrees. The frequency is changing between
A typical communication system consists of a trans- 10- 20 MHz. We give sinusoidal waves by Awg-1020 Func-
mitter and receiver antenna. The transmitter transmits tion/Arbitrary Waveform Generator device. According
the signal into space through an antenna. These waves to changing the value of the frequency, we show the peak
propagate through space. The receive antenna gets these to peak voltage values in an oscilloscope. In Matlab, we
waves and converts. The block diagram is shown in be- summarize these voltages vs frequencies In lab experi-
low. ment for 10 MHz we set and saw 37.2 mVpp
1
Figure 6: Receiver part equivalent circuit
3 Conclusion
As a result of this experiment, we have seen what are the
parameters in a simple wireless communication system,
what are the propagation of electromagnetic waves and
the requirements for the transmission of the signal.
4 References
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2
61252560 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A LECTURE N
OTES BY Mahesh Lohith K S
• https://www.britannica.com/science/Maxwell
s-equations
Figure 5: Freq. vs Vpp in Matlab • https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/defini
tions/maxwells-equations-and-electromagn
At 16 MHz, we gained the maximum voltage value. etic-waves-2
The significant question here is why at 16 MHz, we get
that much value. The answer is determining the param- • http://electronique1.blogspot.com/2011/02
eters depends on the distance resistive value and the sys- /radio-broadcasting-transmission-and.html
tem environment. The receiver antenna part is the basic • EE402.pdf
figure shown below.
2
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