Snowflake Certification Practice Paper5 v1
Snowflake Certification Practice Paper5 v1
While Snowpipe usually loads data files in the order that they arrive, there is no
guarantee that files will be loaded in the order they arrived in the stage.
• True(Correct)
• False
Explanation
Correct. Since multiple processes are reading from the queue, there is no guarantee that the
files will be loaded in the exact order that they arrived.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-load-snowpipe-intro.html#load-order-
of-data-files
Question 2: Correct
Which of the following statements are true when data is UNLOADED into a Snowflake
stage (internal or external).
• The customer downloads data (files) from the INTERNAL stage and decrypts the data on
their own machines.(Correct)
• When UNLOADING the data is never automatically encrypted, regardless if it is an
internal or external stage
• If the data is unloaded into an EXTERNAL stage the data is NOT automatically encrypted
how ever the customer can choose to encrypt as an option (Correct)
• If the data is unloaded into an INTERNAL stage the data IS automatically
encrypted(Correct)
Explanation
When UNLOADING, snowflake will auto encrypt if the stage is INTERNAL, if the stage is
EXTERNAL then the customer can optionally choose to encrypt. The files downloaded from
an internal stage must be decrypted on the client side.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/security-encryption.html
Question 3: Correct
When converting a numeric value to Boolean, which of the following values will result
in "TRUE".
• 1(Correct)
• -1(Correct)
• 2(Correct)
• 0
Explanation
Any non Zero value will be converted to TRUE. Zero will always convert to FALSE.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-logical.html#boolean-
conversion
Question 4: Correct
When Unload data from a Snowflake table the results can be written into …
• Another table
• Multiple files(Correct)
• A single file(Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake allows unloading data into a single or multiple files. This can be controlled by
changing the COPY command option SINGLE from TRUE to FALSE.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-overview.html#bulk-
unloading-into-single-or-multiple-files
Question 5: Correct
To subtract or add a period of time from a date, time or time stamp you should ….
• convert date/times to integer data type to perform addition / subtraction and then
convert back to date / time
• use INTERVAL constant(Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake provides the INTERVAL constant to enable you to subtract periods of time from a
date or time data type e.g. SELECT TO_DATE('2020-02-15') + INTERVAL '1 YEAR';
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-datetime.html#interval-
constants
Question 6: Correct
To unload a relational table into a JSON file which function should you use to convert
the data ?
• The OBJECT_CONSTRUCT will help you convert the data into a JSON structure (Correct)
• The unloaded data can not be in the JSON format
• Perform string concatenation and complex SQL to produce JSON string of your choice
Explanation
The Object_Construct function will help you in converting the data into the JSON format
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-
considerations.html#unloading-a-relational-table-to-json
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/functions/object_construct.html
Question 7: Correct
What are the valid properties of the VARIANT data type?
• Only STRING data type can be cast to the VARIANT data type
• VARIANT data type can store up to 16MB of compressed data (Correct)
• VARIANT data type can store unlimited amount of data
• Any data type can be cast to the VARIANT data type (Correct)
Explanation
VARIANT can store up to 16 MB of compressed data and any data type can be cast to
VARIANT https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-
semistructured.html#variant
Question 8: Correct
Select the correct statement about Snowflake external tables.
• Querying data in an external table is faster then querying a native Snowflake table
• Querying data in an external table is slower then querying a native Snowflake
table(Correct)
Explanation
External table being outside of Snowflake, don't have the same optimizations as a native
Snowflake table, therefore querying an external table is slower.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-intro.html
Question 9: Correct
When uncompressed files are staged in a Snowflake internal stage, the data is
automatically compressed using gzip.
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake will automatically compress data stored in an external stage (unless compression
is disabled) https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/intro-summary-
loading.html#compression-of-staged-files
Question 10: Correct
Which of the following data types are treated as VARCHAR "under the covers" by
Snowflake?
• TEXT(Correct)
• CHAR(Correct)
• STRING(Correct)
• CHARACTER(Correct)
Explanation
All of these are treated as VARCHAR data type by Snowflake, with the following caveats.
CHAR & CHARACTER default to size "1" if no size is specified
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-text.html#char-character
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-text.html#string-text
Question 11: Correct
You can unload (or extract) data from Snowflake using which of the following
mechanisms?
Explanation
In Snowflake, you can unload or extract data directly from a table or alternatively you can
specify a Query using which the data is extracted. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/data-unload-overview.html
Question 12: Correct
Unloading of data from Snowflake requires a running virtual warehouse.
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
A running virtual warehouse is required for unloading data from Snowflake. A running
virtual warehouse will be needed even in cases when you are unloading using a query,
where the query results are cached. This is because a running virtual warehouse is nee ded to
be able to write the rows to the output file(s). https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/data-unload-snowflake.html
Question 13: Correct
What are the correct ways to add "one" day to a DATE
Explanation
Snowflake provides the INTERVAL constant to enable you to subtract periods of time from a
date or time data type as well as Date Arithmetic https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql -
reference/data-types-datetime.html#interval-constants
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-datetime.html#simple-
arithmetic-for-dates
Question 14: Incorrect
When unloading data from Snowflake, what are the places where an output format of
the file can be specified?
Explanation
All 3 are correct options. You can specify either in the table definition it self
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/sql/create-table.html#format-type-
options-formattypeoptions You can define a named file format and use that in the copy
command, or you can directly specify your file format in the copy command
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-prepare.html#specifying-file-
format-options
Question 15: Incorrect
Can an external table can be partitioned?
• False(Incorrect)
• True(Correct)
Explanation
External tables can be partitioned. This is dependent on if your data is residing in a logical
folder structure which allows effective partitioning.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-intro.html#partitioned-
external-tables
Question 16: Incorrect
Assuming that HEADER=false option is set when unloading data from a table. Which
of the following statements are true.
• The headers WILL BE printed for both CSV and Parquet format (Incorrect)
• When unloading data to CSV, the headers will not be printed in the output file (Correct)
• When unloading data to Parquet, the headers will still be printed out but they will be
generic column names.(Correct)
• The headers will NOT be printed for CSV or Parquet format
Explanation
When the HEADER is set to false, the unload to CSV will not output headers, but the unload
to parquet format will still have generic column names like col1,col2..
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/sql/copy-into-location.html#copy-
options-copyoptions
Question 17: Correct
When converting a character value to Boolean, which of the following values will
result in "TRUE".
• 't'(Correct)
• 'true'(Correct)
• 'on'(Correct)
• '1'(Correct)
• 'yes'(Correct)
• 'y'(Correct)
Explanation
• Incorrect
• Correct(Correct)
Explanation
Correct. The Boolean data type allows storing of True / False & Unknown values
Question 19: Correct
The BINARY data type can store what amount of data?
• 8MB(Correct)
• 16MB
• Unlimited
• 32MB
Explanation
Explanation
Split large files into smaller files of 10-100 MB after compression. The number of files will
generally be proportional to the number of servers in the virtual warehouse being used to
load the data . https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-load-considerations-
prepare.html#file-sizing-best-practices-and-limitations
Question 21: Incorrect
What are some of the ways to improve performance of an external table?
External tables can be partitioned. This is dependent on if your data is residing in a logical
folder structure which allows effective partitioning. If you have Enterprise license (&above)
you can create materialized views on top of the external table Incorrect: Columns in external
table can not be compressed or stored as columnar format
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-intro.html#partitioned-
external-tables https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-
intro.html#materialized-views-over-external-tables
Question 22: Correct
When converting a character value to Boolean, which of the following values will
result in "FALSE".
• 'off'(Correct)
• 'false'(Correct)
• 'f'(Correct)
• '0'(Correct)
• 'no'(Correct)
• 'n'(Correct)
Explanation
Explanation
An administrator can allow a temporary bypass of MFA for a user (in cases if they misplace
their MFA device i.e. the phone) The administrator can also disable MFA, allowing the user
to re-enroll. The enrollment must be done by the user themselves, administrators can not
enroll other users. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/security-
mfa.html#managing-mfa-for-your-account-and-users
Question 24: Correct
The load history for Snowpipe is stored in the metadata for how many days?
• 28 days
• 14 days(Correct)
• 64 days
Explanation
The SnowPipe load history is retained for 14 days and must be queried through REST API or
the ACCOUNT_USAGE view. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-load-
snowpipe-intro.html#how-is-snowpipe-different-from-the-copy-command
Question 25: Correct
Data in a Snowflake table is automatically encrypted by Snowflake using …?
• MD5 Hash
• SSL
• AES-256 strong encryption (Correct)
• AES-128 bit encryption
Explanation
Data in Snowflake tables is encrypted automatically using AES 256 strong encryption
Question 26: Correct
When a temporary "Internal" Stage is dropped then ..
Explanation
When a temporary internal stage is dropped all files in that stage are dropped regardless of
their load status. This is done primarily to conserve storage costs as files in temporary
internal stages also count towards your Snowflake storage
Question 27: Correct
Non-encrypted data ia loaded from a cloud storage to a Snowflake table. At what
point in time the data will be encrypted?
• The data is encrypted on the cloud storage before being transferred to the Snowflake
table
• The data is encrypted as it loaded into the Snowflake table (Correct)
Explanation
When copying data to a Snowflake table from cloud storage, the data is encrypted as soon
as it is loaded into the Snowflake table. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/security-encryption.html#end-to-end-encryption
Question 28: Correct
When unloading (or extracting) data using a Query, you are allowed only a limited set
of SQL options?
• True
• False(Correct)
Explanation
When using a query to unload data from Snowflake, you are allowed the full SQL
capabilities, including joining with other tables, grouping etc.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-overview.html#bulk-
unloading-using-queries
Question 29: Correct
If data is loaded into an Internal Snowflake Stage it will be automatically encrypted.
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
When copying data to an internal stage the files are encrypted on the client machine before
they are transferred to the internal stage. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/security-encryption.html#end-to-end-encryption
Question 30: Correct
Snowflake supports which of the following types of stages?
• Load Stage
• Internal Stage(Correct)
• Unload Stage
• Virtual Stage
• External Stage(Correct)
Explanation
The two types of stages supported by Snowflake are Internal Stages - in which data is stored
internally by Snowflake, and External Stages - where data is stored in Cloud Storage
Additionally a third type of stage is table stage (not mentioned in this question) which is
automatically created for each table. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql -reference/ddl-
stage.html#stage-management
Question 31: Correct
Which of the following are supported data types in Snowflake, for storing date or
time information?
• DATE (Correct)
• TIMESTAMP(Correct)
• TIME(Correct)
Explanation
All are examples of date / time data type. You can find more date/time data types at
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-datetime.html
Question 32: Correct
A string constant in Snowflake can be enclosed by
Explanation
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
All data at rest i.e. data in tables, data in internal stages etc.. Is encrypted automatically
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/security-encryption.html
Question 34: Correct
Snowflake doesn't have a Logical data type to store True & False information. You
need to use an Integer type and store 1/0 to represent the True / False.
Explanation
There is a Boolean data type which can store TRUE / FALSE information
Question 35: Correct
Snowpipe prevents loading a single file multiple times by…
• Snowpipe can not prevent loading a single file multiple times, you must delete the files
after it has been loaded by Snowpipe
• deleting the files in the (internal or external) stage after it I has successfully loaded the
file.
• maintaining metadata for each file loaded and ignoring files that were previously
loaded(Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake prevents data duplication by maintaining metadata and ignoring files that have
already been loaded. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-load-snowpipe-
intro.html#data-duplication
Question 36: Correct
Snowflake supports query data in an internal or external snowflake stage. Can you use
functions in your queries when querying data in a snowflake stage?
• No. You can not use functions when querying data in internal or external stages
• Yes, you can use any function that you can use in SQL.
• Yes, you can use functions that are supported (Correct)
Explanation
You can use only the "supported" functions when querying data in a Snowflake stage.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/querying-stage.html#supported-functions
Question 37: Correct
Snowflake supports which of the following for security?
• Discretionary Access control (DAC) (Correct)
• Role based access control (RBAC) (Correct)
• MFA (Multi factor authentication) (Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake supports all 3 of these. MFA can be enabled for a user to provide multi factor
authentication support. DAC is the access control provided by the owner of the object and
RBAC is role based control over various objects in the Snowflake instance.
Question 38: Correct
The VARCHAR data type can store maximum 16MB of uncompressed character data.
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
The maximum size of data that a VARCHAR column can store is 16 MB uncompressed. The
maximum number of characters that can be stored in a VARCHAR depends on if the
character is a single byte character or 2 bytes or multibyte. In case of single byte the
maximum length of VARCHAR is 1677216 https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql -
reference/data-types-text.html#varchar
Question 39: Correct
Snowflake Internal Stages can be defined as Permanent or Temporary?
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
• The data loading wizard is intended to be used for extremely large files
• The wizard uses the COPY command behind the scenes to load the data (Correct)
• The data loading wizard doesn't need an active virtual warehouse.
• The data loading wizard is intended to be used for small files (up to 50 MB) (Correct)
Explanation
The data loading wizard being browser based, is intended for loading for small files. The
data loading wizard uses the COPY & PUT command behind the scenes, there for it requires
an active virtual warehouse connection. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/data-load-web-ui.html
Question 41: Correct
Snowflake supports querying data in an internal or external stage using Standard
SQL?
• No. Standard SQL can only be used to query data in an external stage
• Yes. You can query data in both internal and external stages using Standard
SQL.(Correct)
• No. Standard SQL can only be used to query data in an internal stage
Explanation
Snowflake allows querying data in both internal and external stages using standard SQL
syntax https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/querying-stage.html
Question 42: Correct
When unloading files to a local folder on your computer, before the files can be
downloaded locally they are first unloaded to ..
• Cloud storage
• Another table
• Snowflake internal Stage (Correct)
Explanation
The files are first unloaded to an internal stage from where they can be downloaded locally
using the GET command https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/intro-summary-
unloading.html#output-data-file-details
Question 43: Correct
Which of the following are supported file formats when UNLOADING data from
Snowflake?
• Zip
• JSON(Correct)
• Parquet(Correct)
• AVRO
• Delimited Text(Correct)
• Tar.gz
Explanation
For data unloading or extraction the supported formats are delimited text (i.e. CSV etc..),
JSON and Parquet. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-
prepare.html#supported-file-formats
Question 44: Correct
To unload data into a single output file you must specify which of the following
parameter in the COPY command
• MAX_FILE_SIZE = -1
• SINGLE=true(Correct)
Explanation
The parameter SINGLE = true will result in the data being unloaded as a single file.
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-
considerations.html#unloading-to-a-single-file
Question 45: Correct
When unloading data to JSON format, Snowflake outputs the ndjson (New Line
Delimited JSON) format?
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
The JSON format when extracting to JSON is ndjson (New Line Delimited Json) format, in
which each out put line is a valid JSON in itself. http://ndjson.org/
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-prepare.html#supported-file-
formats
Question 46: Incorrect
Which Snowflake feature allows you to query data in an external stage without
loading it first into Snowflake?
• Snowpipe
• Views
• COPY(Incorrect)
• External Tables(Correct)
Explanation
External table is the easiest way to query data in an external stage without loading it first
into Snowflake. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-intro.html
Question 47: Incorrect
Non-encrypted data ia loaded from a client machine to an internal stage. At what
point in time the data will be encrypted?
• The data is encrypted on the client machine before being transferred to the internal
stage(Correct)
• The data is encrypted once they are in the internal stage (Incorrect)
Explanation
When copying data to an internal stage the files are encrypted on the client machine before
they are transferred to the internal stage. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/security-encryption.html#end-to-end-encryption
Question 48: Correct
Which of the following are valid Snowflake stage types?
• Database Stage
• Internal Stage(Correct)
• Table Stage(Correct)
• External Stage(Correct)
Explanation
The three types of stages supported by Snowflake are Internal Stages - in which data is
stored internally by Snowflake, and External Stages - where data is stored in Cloud Storage
& Table stage - which is automatically created for each table.
Question 49: Incorrect
Select what are the features of External tables in Snowflake?
External tables are read-only and don't allow modification of data. You can use them in
JOIN conditions. Views can be created on top of external tables. They are not dropped at
the end of the session. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-
intro.html
Question 50: Incorrect
If length is not specified when defined a VARCHAR column the default length is..
• 255 Characters(Incorrect)
• 0 Character
• Maximum length possible (Correct)
• 1 Character
Explanation
If the length is not specified, the VARCHAR column assumes maximum length
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/data-types-text.html#varchar
Question 51: Correct
When unloading (or extracting) data using a Query, you can extract data from ...
• A View(Correct)
• Multiple tables joined together(Correct)
• A Single table(Correct)
• A database
Explanation
When using a query to unload data from Snowflake, you are allowed the full SQL
capabilities, including joining with other tables, grouping etc. therefore you can ex tract from
a single table, or multiple tables joined together or a view, or even multiple views joined
together https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/data-unload-overview.html#bulk-
unloading-using-queries
Question 52: Correct
Snowflake supports the following special values for the FLOAT data type. Select all
that apply.
• inf(Correct)
• -inf(Correct)
• BLANK
• NULL
• NaN(Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake supports NaN (not a number), inf (Infinity) and -inf (negative infinity) for the
FLOAT data type. NULL is not a special value, and any data type can be NULL. BLANK is not
a valid concept in Snowflake. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql -reference/data-types-
numeric.html#float-float4-float8
Question 53: Correct
When un-encrypted files are staged in a Snowflake internal stage, the files are
encrypted by Snowflake automatically.
• False
• True(Correct)
Explanation
Snowflake will automatically encrypt un-encrypted files when they are added to an internal
stage. https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/intro-summary-
loading.html#encryption-of-staged-files
Question 54: Incorrect
When a temporary "External" Stage is dropped then ..
Explanation
For temporary external stages, only the stage is dropped, the files being external are not
removed.
Question 55: Correct
Select the correct statement about Snowflake external tables.
• External table support all the file formats that the COPY command supports.(Correct)
• External table can only be created on top of CSV data
Explanation
External tables support all file formats that are supported by the COPY command
https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-guide/tables-external-intro.html
Question 56: Correct
Which of the following statements are true about Encryption in Snowflake?
Explanation
All data at rest i.e. data in tables, data in internal stages etc.. Is encrypted automatically.
Snowflake internal stages are also automatically encrypted. Since data in external stages is
usually managed by a customer, automatic encryption is not applied on files on external
stages, how ever they can be encrypted optionally https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/user-
guide/security-encryption.html