ANA’S WORKSHOPS SELLA CAPACTACON VENSERCA DEMIS Linking words (1) j "a * Linking words are expressions that connect words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs in order to make a text easier to read. Here is a list of the main ones according to their function. + The expressions with an asterisk are mostly found in formal texts: + Listing points as a sequence (the expressions below, which are typically followed by a comma): firstly / to begin with / for a start / in the first place (opening point) secondly / next / another point is (that) (middle points) finally / last but not least (closing point) * Adding ideas or information at the beginning of a sentence: in addi ‘on top (of that) / besides (+ comma) in mid position: apart from / besides / as well (as)* / too / also + Introducing a new point: 1s regards / as for / as far as... is concerned’ / with reference to* / with regard to* / with respect to* / in respect of* / turning to / when it comes to n / what's more / furthermore* / also / moreover* / also / * Giving examples to clarify a point or idea: that is) /e.g.* (= for example) / namely* / a case in point i... /for instance / such as* / like / say (between commas, informal) + Showing similarity: similarly / in the same way (+ comma) / just as... so / likewise + Expressing contrast: despite / in spite of (+ noun) / although / though / even though (+ clause) / despite the fact that / in spite of the fact that (+ clause) in spite of this / despite this / even so / however / nevertheless* / nonetheless" / and yet / on the other hand / at the same time / conversely (+ comma) bby contrast / on the contrary (+ comma) / instead (of) / while / whereas / as opposed to / but / unlike + Reformulating and rephrasing: in other words / to put it briefly* /in short / in a nutshell + Generalising: all in all / by and large / on the whole / broadly/generally speaking / as a rule / in general / in ‘most cases + Concluding: in conclusion / to sum up / to summarise / in the end / all things considered / in the end ‘Examples Organising, listing and introducing points There are several reasons why you should quit smoking. Firstly, it’s harmful for your health. What's more, it has become an expensive habit. Last but not least, the smell of cigarettes is unbearable and it makes me sick. As far as the price is concerned, the company has decided that the new smartwatch will be available for $350. Comparing Just as I wanted to be a doctor, so my twin brother wanted to be an actor. We should be stopping terrorists from operating, as opposed to chasing them after they've attacked. pa() spiom 8upur] OF JINN ANA’S WORKSHOPS ESCUELA DCAPACITADON VXSOUANA DE DIAS Examples Clarifying There are four sections in the test, namely speaking, listening, reading and writing. (= more precisely) Lack of communication causes serious problems in a relationship and their marriage is a case in point. (a very clear example of something) If someone earns, say, 15,000 pounds a year, is he eligible for any child benefit? Summing up and concluding To put it briefly, he lacks musical ability. Allin all, it was a great trip, although we had a few problems on the way there. To sum up, we need to focus our energies away from theoretical debates and address the issues with a practical approach. 1 Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 () thad my wallet stolen and a all in all, I'ma happy person. 2 C1] Well, | have a few health problems, but -b_ when it comes to studying science. 3 (1) Experts suggest using antiseptic on surfaces that you had decided to leave? 4 (1 Love reading but | have trouble d_ such as armrests and tray tables. 5 (J Asfor that boy, e what's more, | got a parking ticket. 6 [1 Why didn’t you tell me in the first place £ I don't think he’s going anywhere in life 2 Underline the correct alternative. 1 She's extremely rich; however / on the 5 Despite / Although being twins, Emma and other hand, she isn't snobbish. Sara look very different. 2. Itwas cold and windy. In the same way / 6 The neighborhood isn’t very interesting Nevertheless, | went for a walk I ike the house, moreover / though. 3. That house isn't big enough for us, and yet / 7 Stephanie cooked the carrots, nonetheless / furthermore it's too expensive. whereas her brother prepared the broccoli 4 We live in the same building; even though / 8 _I prefer reading classic sci-fi books for despite this, we hardly see each other. ‘example / such as "The Day of the Triffids’ or ‘The Time Machine’. 3 Fill in the gaps with the correct phrase from the box. asarule as regards ina nutshell inthe end instead on top of that whereas yet 1 My sister's hand-writing is always so neat, 5 Iwas happy for her and Iwas mine is a total mess upset that | was no longer the baby in the family 2. I got a low mark, but the teacher said 6 We missed the bus and, it Ihave improved a lot started raining. 3 , the swimming pool is less 7 Here's our proposal: , we want crowded early in the morning. to sell our business to you. 4 | suppose that, itis for youto 8 the hotel, our experience was decide how to raise your kids. excellent. 80NA’S WORKSHOPS 7 SEMA GATOR HSA ODO 4 GHEY choose A, B, C or D to fill in the gaps. Studying at University may have a number of benefits. (1) __, students can expand their social networks by ‘meeting people from diverse backgrounds, they can form long-lasting friendships, and develop their social lives. (2), during tutorial sessions, students can learn more effective communication skill. Through this experience, they can {3)___leam to negotiate, collaborate and compromise. Students can (4) __ become critical thinkers and become more open-minded about the world as they see it. (5)__, they can learn how to develop arguments ‘and support them with evidence from reliable sources. Other skills include independent learning, (6)___time and ‘workload management. (7) ___, with the ideas presented above, itis quite evident that University attendance can play a vital role in social and professional skil development, (8). 1 A Allinall B To begin with C Besides D Therefore 2. A Despite this B However C Moreover D For this reason 3 A likewise B instead C even so D too 4 A whereas B last but not least to sum up D also 5 A Onthe whole B In addition C But D Although 6 A on top of that B in spite of C as well as D on the contrary 7 A Onthe other hand —B Nevertheless € Furthermore In conclusion 8 A too B also C even D in short 5 &b Listen to 5 quotes from the works by Margaret Atwood, Oscar Wilde, John Dos Passos, Eric Fromm and Henry David Thoreau: match the statements to each speaker. There is one extra statement. ‘A To begin with, a novelist should create characters. B There has always been a lot of prejudice against Christians. Speaker! [1] Feelings and passion are more important than technique when it comes to playing the piano. Speaker 2 [] D_ Men dislike seeing blood because it recalls the idea of pain and physical suffering. Speaker 3 [J E The opinion of country people as regards any public question is more important than what city dwellers think. Speaker 4 [J F The Old Testament has often been misunderstood as well as being read less than the New Testament. Speaker C] 6 [23 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first using the word in brackets. You must use between 2 and 5 words. 1 In spite of the rain we went for a swim. (although) We went for a swim 2. She didn’t offer chocolates to us. She ate them all. (instead) tous she ate them all 3. The sea was very rough, yet nobody was seasick. (spite) Nobody was seasick in 4. Dave's clever and he's also very friendly. (well) As clever, Dave's very friendly. 5. They let us in though we were late. (delay) They let 6 The book's dull; what's more, its long. (top) The book’s dull; long. 81 () sprom SUPT OF LINN