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Naming Compounds

1) The document provides instructions on naming compounds and writing formulas. It discusses rules for naming binary ionic compounds, binary covalent compounds, acids and anions. 2) Common cations and anions are listed along with their names. Worksheets are included to practice writing names from formulas and formulas from names. 3) Key aspects of naming compounds include identifying the cation and anion, applying prefixes to indicate numbers of elements, and recognizing patterns for naming polyatomic ions derived from acids.

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Rodalyn Manipon
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56 views

Naming Compounds

1) The document provides instructions on naming compounds and writing formulas. It discusses rules for naming binary ionic compounds, binary covalent compounds, acids and anions. 2) Common cations and anions are listed along with their names. Worksheets are included to practice writing names from formulas and formulas from names. 3) Key aspects of naming compounds include identifying the cation and anion, applying prefixes to indicate numbers of elements, and recognizing patterns for naming polyatomic ions derived from acids.

Uploaded by

Rodalyn Manipon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEAPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

REGION 1
DIVISION Of Pangasinan II
TAYUG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tayug, Pangasinan

G10 SCIENCE
QUARTER 4
Week 3

NAMING COMPOUNDS
PRE-REQUISITE FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS

NAMING COMPOUNDS

Use the following worksheets to learn how to name compounds and write
formulas. If the formula is given, write down the name, and if the name is given
write down the formula. Use these pages as a study guide.

As a general rule, you should know the names and symbols for elements 1-36. In
addition, you should know the names and symbols for all elements in Groups I
and II, as well as the halogens (Group VII), noble gases (Group VIII), and some
other metals used frequently. These metals include Ag (silver), Au (gold), Pb
(lead), Sn (tin), and Cd (cadmium).

When naming compounds, remember the following rules:

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)

1. The cation (positively charged ion; Na+, Al3+) is always named first and
the anion (negatively charged ion; Cl-, O2-) second.
2. A monatomic (meaning one-atom) cation takes its name from the name of
the element. For example, Na+ is called sodium in the names of
compounds containing this ion.

Example 1: Sodium and Chlorine= Sodium Chloride


Na + Cl- = NaCl
NaCl - is electrically neutral because sodium ion is +1 and chloride ion is -1.
Example 2: Hydrogen and Chlorine = Hydrogen Chloride
H + Cl- = HCl

3. A monatomic anion is named by taking the root of the element name and
adding -ide. Thus, the Cl- ion is called chloride, the S2- ion is called
sulfide, and the O2- ion is called oxide.

Example 3: Hydrogen and Sulfur = Hydrogen Sulfide

H + S2 = H2 S

Hydrogen will take 2 as subscript from Sulfur -2 ion


Some common monatomic cations and anions are shown below

Cation Name Cation Name Anion Name Anion Name


H+ Hydrogen Li+ Lithium H- Hydride F- Fluoride
Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium Cl- Chloride Br- Bromide
Cs+ Cesium Be2+ Beryllium I- Iodide O2- Oxide
Mg2+ Magnesium Ca2+ Calcium S2- Sulfide Se2- Selenide
Ba2+ Barium Al3+ Aluminum N3- Nitride P3- Phosphide
Zn2+ Zinc Ag+ Silver As3- Arsenide C4- Carbide

Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

1. The cation of a transition metal is always named first (like any cation)
and the anion second.
2. A monatomic (meaning one-atom) cation takes its name from the name
of the element.

Example1: Iron(II), when combine with Oxygen

Iron(II)Oxide= FeO (Fe +2, O -2) 2 cancels out

Example2: Iron(III) when combine with Oxygen

Iron(III)Oxide= Fe2O3 ( Fe +3, O -2)

Exchange subscripts

Cobalt(II) Chloride= CoCl2

3. All transition metal cations, except Zn2+, Cd2+, and


Ag (which always have the charges shown here), must show the
+

oxidation number (charge) in parentheses following the English spelling


of the element, such as Iron(III), Copper(I), or Vanadium(V), whenever a
compound containing these ions, which have multiple charges, is named.

4. For the cations in Groups IIIA-VIA (including, Sn, Pb, Ga, Bi, etc.) also
have multiple charges, even though they are not transition metals. For all
the metals in these groups (except Al, which, of course, always has a +3
charge), include a parenthesis after the name, and show its positive charge
as a Roman numeral (Pb2+ is Lead(II) in names)

Example : lead(IV)iodide = PbI4


Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)

Compounds containing only non-metal elements are named using Type III
binary compound rules. These compounds are always neutral (not ions that
have charges), and consist of only two elements (see acid naming below for
compounds containing only non-metal elements, but with more than two
elements. The prototypical compound is CO2, which is called carbon dioxide.

1. The first element shown in the compound is named as the element (e.g.,
for CO2, the first element is "carbon")
2. The second element shown in the compound is named according to the
anion name, ending in -ide (e.g., for CO2, the second element is named
"oxide")

CO2 - Carbon Dioxide ( Oxygen has 2 so, Di- is used as prefix)

3. The second element always carries a prefix indicating the number of


times it is present in the compound (e.g., for CO2, the second element
(oxide) is present twice, so it has the "di" prefix)
4. The amount of the first element is only shown if it is present more than
once. It is assumed to be present only once, hence just the name of the
element. However, if it is present more than once, you must then specify
the number of times it is duplicated (di, tri, tetra, etc.)

The following prefixes are used to specify the number of times an element is
present in binary covalent compounds:

prefixes (1-5) prefixes (6-10) Examples using prefixes


• 1 — mono • 6 — hexa
• CCl4 — carbon tetrachloride
• 2 — di • 7 — hepta
• P2O5 — diphosphorus pentoxide
• 3 — tri • 8 — octa
• N2O — ninitrogen monoxide
• 4 — tetra • 9 — nona
• ICl3 — iodine trichloride
• 5 — penta • 10 — deca

Please note that ionic compounds (Type I & II binary compound


names) never use prefixes to specify how many times an element is
present. Prefixes are only used for covalent compounds formed from non-
metal elements.
Common Acid and Anion Names

Acids are compounds containing an ionizable proton (H+) since acid is a proton
donor (a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron). The polyatomic anions
derived from acids are named by dropping the -ic (or -ous) suffix from the acid
name and adding the -ate (or -ite) suffix, respectively. Compounds containing
polyatomic anions are named using the Type I or Type II naming systems
described above.

For example, the sodium salt of nitric acid is sodium nitrate (NaNO 3). If you
know the acid formula you will always get the correct anion formula and its
charge, since the charge is equal to the number of ionizable hydrogen atoms in
the acid, and is always negative.

Another example is sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the anion is sulfate (SO42-) with a -
2 charge.

Acids that do not contain oxygen (e.g., HCl, H2S, HF) are named by adding
the hydro- prefix to the root name of the element, followed by the -ic suffix.

HCl is hydrochloric acid, H2S is hydrosulfuric acid, and

HF is hydrofluoric acid (italics added for emphasis). Anions of these acids,


which contain a single element (not polyatomic), are named as a regular non-
metal anion (i.e., Cl- is chloride, S2- is sulfide, and F - is fluoride).

Acid Name Anion Name Acid Name Anion Name

H2SO4 sulfuric SO42- sulfate HCl hydrochloric Cl- chloride


HNO3 nitric NO3- nitrate HBr hydrobromic Br- bromide
H3PO4 phosphoric PO43- phosphate HClO3 chloric ClO3- chlorate
HC2H3O2 acetic C2H3O2- acetate HClO2 chlorous ClO2- chlorite
H2SO3 sulfurous SO32- sulfite HBrO3 bromic BrO3- bromate
hypobrom
HNO2 nitrous NO2- nitrite HBrO hypobromous BrO-
ite
WORKSHEET :
Directions: Place your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
I. Provide the name for the following ions.
(Items 1-7 put an ide at the end of its name)
1. Cl- ____________ ion 6. N3- __________
2. Br-_____________ion 7. P3- __________
3. F- _____________ion 8. I3- __________
4. S2-______________ion 9. Fe O _________
5. O2- _____________ion 10. CoCl2 _________

II. Show names or formulas for the following compounds.


1. sulfuric acid __________________ 6. ClO3-_________________
2. nitric__________________________ 7. nitrite _________________
3.acetic acid ____________________ 8. PO43-____________________________
4.Hydrochloric acid_________________ 9. NO3-____________________
5. hypobromous ___________________ 10. HClO3 __________________
III. Try writing the following statements into a chemical equation:
1. Magnesium combines with oxygen gas (O2) to produce magnesium
oxide
2. Iron reacts with copper sulfate (CuSO4) and forms iron (II) sulfate
(FeSO4) and copper
3. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of manganese dioxide
(MnO2) produces water and oxygen gas.
REFERENCES: Copyright © Dr. Donald L. Robertson (Modified: 11/19/2012) https://home.miracosta.edu/dlr/naming.htm

Dr. Scott, Nomenclature for ionic compounds

https://learnwithdrscott.com/wp-content/uploads/free-worksheets/Naming-Ionic-Compounds-Worksheet-
AnswerKey.pdf

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