Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A790/A790M − 22
Standard Specification for

Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel
Pipe1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A790/A790M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

2
1.1 This specification covers seamless and straight-seam 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
welded ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corro- A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
sive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress of Steel Products
corrosion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittle- A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic
ment if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures. Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
pipe when a greater degree of testing is desired. These Alloys, and Ferroalloys
supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for
and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
order. E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions of Tubing
welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI E309 Practice for Eddy Current Examination of Steel Tubu-
B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished lar Products Using Magnetic Saturation
provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
specification. Blooms, and Forgings
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examina-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the tion of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium,
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values Unified Numbering System (UNS)
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the 2.2 ANSI Standards:4
standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
designation of this specification is specified in the order. B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as nominal 2.3 SAE Standard:5
diameter, size, and nominal size.
SAE J 1086
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 2.4 Other Standard:6
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the SNT-TC-1A Personal Qualification and Certification in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Nondestructive Testing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
4
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published March 2022. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A790/A790M – 20. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
DOI: 10.1520/A0790_A0790M-22. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
2 6
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
cation SA–790 in Section II of that Code. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
A790/A790M − 22
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment
UNS
TypeA Temperature °F [°C] Quench
Designation
S31200 1920–2010 Rapid cooling in water
[1050–1100]
S31260 1870–2010 Rapid cooling in water or by
[1020–1100] other means
S32101 1870 [1020] Rapid cooling in water or by
other means
S32205 2205 1870–2010 Rapid cooling in water or by
S32550 255 1900 [1040] min Rapid cooling in water or by
other means
S32950 1820–1880 Air cool
[990–1025]
S82441 1870 [1020] Rapid cooling in water or by
other means
S83071 ... 1830–2100 Rapid cooling in water or by
A
Common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one
producer. 329 is an AISI number.
2.5 AWS Standard:7 4. Ordering Information

A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel 4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes include the following, as required, to describe the desired
material adequately:
3. Terminology
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, [metres], or number of lengths),
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci- 4.1.2 Name of material (ferritic/austenitic steel pipe),
fication refer to Terminology A941.
4.1.3 Process (seamless or welded),
4.1.4 Grade (see Table 1),
7
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., 4.1.5 Size (NPS designator or outside diameter and sched-
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org. ule number of average wall thickness),
2
A790/A790M − 22
4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (see Section 11), 8. Heat Analysis
4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A999/ 8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
A999M), steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele-
4.1.8 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 9; ments specified.
hydrostatic test or nondestructive electric test, Section 14),
4.1.9 Test report required (section on certification of Speci- 9. Product Analysis
fication A999/A999M), 9.1 At the request of the purchaser’s inspector, an analysis
4.1.10 Specification designation, and of one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat,
4.1.11 Special requirements and any supplementary require- or two pipes from each lot, shall be made by the manufacturer.
ments selected. A lot of pipe shall consist of the following number of lengths
of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel:
5. General Requirements NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot
5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con- Under 2 400 or fraction thereof
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of 2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof
Specification A999/A999M unless otherwise provided herein. 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof
9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the
6. Materials and Manufacture purchaser or the purchaser’s representative and shall conform
to the requirements specified in Section 7.
6.1 Manufacture:
6.1.1 The pipe shall be made by the seamless or an 9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1
automatic welding process, with no addition of filler metal in does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, an
the welding operation. analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be
6.1.2 At the manufacturer’s option, pipe may be either made, and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements
hot-finished or cold-finished. shall be accepted.
6.1.3 The pipe shall be pickled free of scale. When bright
10. Tensile and Hardness Properties
annealing is used, pickling is not necessary.
10.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness
6.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made from each properties prescribed in Table 3.
ingot to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue
segregation. 11. Lengths
6.3 Unless otherwise stated in the order, all pipe shall be 11.1 Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the following
furnished in the heat-treated condition as shown in Table 1. regular practice:
6.3.1 For seamless pipe, as an alternate to final heat treat- 11.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, all sizes from NPS 1⁄8
ment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace, immedi- to and including NPS 8 are available in a length up to 24 ft (see
ately following hot forming while the temperature of the pipes Note 3) with the permissible range of 15 to 24 ft (see Note 3).
is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimum
temperature, pipes shall be individually quenched in water or length shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
rapidly cooled by other means, except for UNS S32950, which purchaser.
shall be air cooled. NOTE 3—This value applies when the inch-pound designation of this
6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatment specification is the basis of purchase. When the M designation of this
subsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify the specification is the basis of purchase, the corresponding metric value(s)
following condition: shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
6.3.2.1 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated from plate 11.1.2 If definite cut lengths are desired, the lengths re-
that has been heat treated as required by Table 1 for the quired shall be specified in the order. No pipe shall be less than
particular grade is required, provided a sample of that heat of the specified length and no more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] over it.
finished pipe or material representative of that heat of pipe as 11.1.3 No jointers are permitted unless otherwise specified.
a prolongation of the weld passes the Test Methods A923
Method B or C (See Note 2), including base metal, weld metal, 12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
and heat affected zone per heat. Each pipe supplied under this 12.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight and
requirement shall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O.” shall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be re-
6.3.2.2 For materials not listed in Table 3 of Test Methods moved by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are not
A923, the HT-O provision does not apply. decreased to less than that permitted, in the Permissible
NOTE 2—The Test Methods A923 test method (B or C) is at the Variations in Wall Thickness Section of Specification A999/
manufacturer’s option, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. A999M.
7. Chemical Composition 13. Mechanical Tests Required
7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements as 13.1 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test—One tension
prescribed in Table 2. test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 100
3
A790/A790M − 22
TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsA
UNS
Designa- TypeC C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo N Cu Others
tionB
S31200 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 5.5–6.5 24.0–26.0 1.20–2.00 0.14–0.20 ... ...
S31260 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.030 0.75 5.5–7.5 24.0–26.0 2.5–3.5 0.10–0.30 0.20–0.80 W
0.10–
0.50
S31500 0.030 1.20–2.00 0.030 0.030 1.40–2.00 4.2–5.2 18.0–19.0 2.50–3.00 0.05–0.10 ... ...
S31803 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 4.5–6.5 21.0–23.0 2.5–3.5 0.08–0.20 ... ...
S32003 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 3.0–4.0 19.5–22.5 1.50–2.00 0.14–0.20 ... ...
S32101 0.040 4.0–6.0 0.040 0.030 1.00 1.35–1.70 21.0–22.0 0.10–0.80 0.20–0.25 0.10–0.80 ...
S32202 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 1.00–2.80 21.5–24.0 0.45 0.18–0.26 ... ...
S32205 2205 0.030 2.00 0.030 0.020 1.00 4.5–6.5 22.0–23.0 3.0–3.5 0.14–0.20 ... ...
S32304 2304 0.030 2.50 0.040 0.040 1.00 3.0–5.5 21.5–24.5 0.05–0.60 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.60 ...
S32506 0.030 1.00 0.040 0.015 0.90 5.5–7.2 24.0–26.0 3.0–3.5 0.08–0.20 ... W
0.05–
0.30
S32520 0.030 1.5 0.035 0.020 0.80 5.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–5.0 0.20–0.35 0.5–3.00 ...
S32550 255 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.030 1.00 4.5–6.5 24.0–27.0 2.9–3.9 0.10–0.25 1.50–2.50 ...
S32707 0.030 1.50 0.035 0.010 0.50 5.5–9.5 26.0–29.0 4.0–5.0 0.30–0.50 1.0 Co
0.5–
2.0
S32750D 2507 0.030 1.20 0.035 0.020 0.80 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–5.0 0.24–0.32 0.5 ...
S32760E 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 0.20–0.30 0.50–1.00 W
0.50–
1.00
S32808 0.030 1.10 0.030 0.010 0.50 7.0–8.2 27.0–27.9 0.80–1.20 0.30–0.40 ... W
2.10–
2.50
S32900 329 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.75 2.5–5.0 23.0–28.0 1.00–2.00 ... ... ...
S32906 0.030 0.80–1.50 0.030 0.030 0.80 5.8–7.5 28.0–30.0 1.50–2.60 0.30–0.40 0.80 ...
S32950 0.030 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 3.5–5.2 26.0–29.0 1.00–2.50 0.15–0.35 ... ...
S33207 0.030 1.50 0.035 0.010 0.80 6.0–9.0 29.0–33.0 3.0–5.0 0.40–0.60 1.0
S39274 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.020 0.80 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 2.5–3.5 0.24–0.32 0.20–0.80 W
1.50–
2.50
S39277 0.025 0.80 0.025 0.002 0.80 6.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 0.23–0.33 1.20–2.00 W
0.8–
1.2
S81921 0.030 2.00–4.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 2.00–4.00 19.0–22.0 1.00–2.00 0.14–0.20 ... ...
S82011 0.030 2.0–3.0 0.040 0.020 1.00 1.00–2.00 20.5–23.5 0.10–1.00 0.15–0.27 0.50 ...
S82121 ... 0.035 1.00–2.50 0.040 0.010 1.00 2.00–4.00 21.0–23.0 0.30–1.30 0.15–0.25 0.20–1.20 ...
S82441 0.030 2.5–4.0 0.035 0.005 0.70 3.0–4.5 23.0–25.0 1.00–2.00 0.20–0.30 0.10–0.80
S83071 ... 0.030 0.50–1.50 0.030 0.020 0.50 6.0–8.0 29.0–31.0 3.0–4.0 0.28–0.40 0.80 ...
A
Maximum, unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (...) appear in this table, there is no minimum and analysis for the element need not be determined
or reported.
B
New designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086.
C
Common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer. 329 is an AISI number.
D
% Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 41.
E
% Cr + 3.3 × (% Mo + 0.5 %W) + 16 × % N $ 41.
pipes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from 2 pipes furnace equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically
for lots of more than 100 pipes. controlled within a 50 °F [30 °C] or smaller range, the lot shall
13.2 Mechanical Testing Lot Definition—The term lot for be the larger of (a) each 200 ft [60 m] or fraction thereof or (b)
mechanical tests applies to all pipe of the same nominal size that pipe heat treated in the same batch furnace charge.
and wall thickness (or schedule) that is produced from the same 13.2.3 Where the final heat treatment is obtained, consistent
heat of steel and subjected to the same finishing treatment as with the requirements of 6.3, in a batch-type heat-treatment
defined as follows: furnace not equipped with recording pyrometers and automati-
13.2.1 Where the heat treated condition is obtained, consis- cally controlled within a 50 °F [30 °C] or smaller range, the
tent with the requirements of 6.3, in a continuous heat term lot for mechanical tests applies to the pipe heat treated in
treatment furnace or by directly obtaining the heat treated the same batch furnace charge, provided that such pipe is of the
condition by quenching after hot forming, the lot shall include same nominal size and wall thickness (or schedule) and is
all pipe of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same produced from the same heat of steel.
furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace
speed or all pipe of the same size and heat, hot formed and 13.3 Flattening Test—For pipe heat treated in a batch-type
quenched in the same production run. furnace, flattening tests shall be made on 5 % of the pipe from
13.2.2 Where final heat treatment is obtained, consistent each heat-treated lot. For pipe heat treated by the continuous
with the requirements of 6.3, in a batch-type heat-treatment process, or by direct quenching after hot forming, this test shall
4
A790/A790M − 22
TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness Requirements
Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness, max
UNS Strength, Strength, in 2 in. or
TypeA
Designation min, ksi min, 50 mm,
[MPa] ksi [MPa] min, % HBW HRC
S31200 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 280 ...

S31260 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 ... ...
S31500 92 [630] 64 [440] 30 290 30
S31803 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30
S32003
t# 100 [690] 70 [485] 25 290 30
0.187 in.
[5.00 mm]
t> 95 [655] 65 [450] 25 290 30
0.187 in.
[5.00 mm]
S32101
t# 101 [700] 77 [530] 30 290 ...
0.187 in.
[5.00 mm]
t> 94 [650] 65 [450] 30 290 ...
0.187 in.
[5.00 mm]
S32202 94 [650] 65 [450] 30 290 30
S32205 2205 95 [655] 65 [450] 25 290 30
S32304 2304 87 [600] 58 [400] 25 290 30
S32506 90 [620] 65 [450] 18 302 32
S32520 112 [770] 80 [550] 25 310 ...
S32550 255 110 [760] 80 [550] 15 297 31
S32707 133 [920] 101 [700] 25 318 34
S32750 2507 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 300 32
S32760B 109 [750] 80 [550] 25 310 32
S32808
t< 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 310 32
0.40 in.
[10 mm]
t$ 101 [700] 72 [500] 15 310 32
0.40 in.
[10 mm]
S32900 329 90 [620] 70 [485] 20 271 28
S32906
t< 116 [800] 94 [650] 25 300 32
0.40 in.
[10 mm]
t$ 109 [750] 80 [550] 25 300 32
0.40 in.
[10 mm]
S32950 100 [690] 70 [480] 20 290 30
S33207
t< 138 [950] 112 [770] 15 336 36
0.157 in.
[4 mm]
t$ 123 [850] 101 [700] 15 336 36
0.157 in.
[4 mm]
S39274 116 [800] 80 [550] 15 310 32
S39277 120 [825] 90 [620] 25 290 30
S81921 90 [620] 65 [450] 25 290 30
S82011
t< 101 [700] 75 [515] 30 293 31
0.187 in.
[5.00 mm]
t$ 95 [655] 65 [450] 30 293 31
0.187 in.
[5.00 mm]
S82121 ... 94 [650] 65 [450] 25 286 30
S82441
t< 107 [740] 78 [540] 25 290 ...
0.4 in.
[10 mm]
t$ 99 [680] 70 [480] 25 290 ...
0.4 in.
[10 mm]
S83071 ... 120 [830] 98 [680] 25 300 32
A
Common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer. 329 is an AISI number.
B
Prior to A790/A790M – 04, the tensile strength value for UNS 32760 was 109–130 ksi [750–895 MPa].
5
A790/A790M − 22
be made on a sufficient number of pipes to constitute 5 % of the 14.4 Time of Examination—Nondestructive testing for
lot, but in no case less than two lengths of pipe. specification acceptance shall be performed after all mechani-
13.3.1 For welded pipe with a diameter equal to or exceed- cal processing, heat treatments, and straightening operations.
ing NPS 10, a transverse guided face bend test of the weld may This requirement does not preclude additional testing at earlier
be conducted instead of a flattening test in accordance with the stages in the processing.
method outlined in the steel tubular product supplement of Test 14.5 Surface Condition:
Methods and Definitions A370. The ductility of the weld shall 14.5.1 All surfaces shall be free of scale, dirt, grease, paint,
be considered acceptable when there is no evidence of cracks or other foreign material that could interfere with interpretation
in the weld or between the weld and the base metal after of test results. The methods used for cleaning and preparing the
bending. Test specimens from 5 % of the lot shall be taken surfaces for examination shall not be detrimental to the base
from the pipes or test plates of the same material as the pipe, metal or the surface finish.
the test plates being attached to the end of the cylinder and 14.5.2 Excessive surface roughness or deep scratches can
welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitudinal seam. produce signals that interfere with the test.
13.4 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests 14.6 Extent of Examination:
shall be made on specimens from two pipes from each lot (see 14.6.1 The relative motion of the pipe and the transducer(s),
13.2). coil(s), or sensor(s) shall be such that the entire pipe surface is
scanned, except as in 14.6.2.
14. Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test 14.6.2 The existence of end effects is recognized and the
14.1 Each pipe shall be subjected to the nondestructive extent of such effects shall be determined by the manufacturer
electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used and, if requested, shall be reported to the purchaser. Other
shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise nondestructive tests may be applied to the end areas, subject to
specified in the purchase order. agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
14.7 Operator Qualifications—The test unit operator shall
14.2 The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci-
be certified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A, or an equivalent
fication A999/A999M, except that the value for S to be used in
recognized and documented standard.
the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure shall be equal to
50 % of the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe. 14.8 Test Conditions:
14.8.1 For eddy-current testing, the excitation coil fre-
14.3 Nondestructive Electric Test—Nondestructive electric quency shall be chosen to ensure adequate penetration yet
tests shall be in accordance with Practices E213 or E309. provide good signal-to-noise ratio.
14.3.1 As an alternative to the hydrostatic test, and when 14.8.2 The maximum eddy-current coil frequency used
specified by the purchaser, each pipe shall be examined with a shall be as follows:
nondestructive test in accordance with Practices E213 or E309. On specified walls up to 0.050 in.—100 KHz max
Unless specifically called out by the purchaser, the selection of On specified walls up to 0.150 in.—50 KHz max
the nondestructive electric test will be at the option of the On specified walls over 0.150 in.—10 KHz max
manufacturer. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by 14.8.3 Ultrasonic—For examination by the ultrasonic
each method shall be subject to the limitations in the scope of method, the minimum nominal transducer frequency shall be
the respective practices. 2.00 MHz and the maximum nominal transducer size shall be
14.3.1.1 The following information is for the benefit of the 1.5 in. If the equipment contains a reject notice filter setting,
user of this specification: this shall remain off during calibration and testing unless
14.3.1.2 The reference standards defined in 14.3.1.3 – linearity can be demonstrated at that setting.
14.3.1.5 are convenient standards for calibration of nondestruc- 14.9 Reference Standards—Reference standards of conve-
tive testing equipment. The dimensions of these standards nient length shall be prepared from a length of pipe of the same
should not be construed as the minimum size imperfection grade, size (NPS, or outside diameter and schedule or wall
detectable by such equipment. thickness), surface finish and heat treatment condition as the
14.3.1.3 The ultrasonic testing (UT) can be performed to pipe to be examined.
detect both longitudinally and circumferentially oriented de- 14.9.1 For Ultrasonic Testing, the reference ID and OD
fects. It should be recognized that different techniques should notches shall be any one of the three common notch shapes
be employed to detect differently oriented imperfections. The shown in Practice E213, at the option of the manufacturer. The
examination may not detect short, deep, defects. depth of each notch shall not exceed 12 1⁄2 % of the specified
14.3.1.4 The eddy-current testing (ET) referenced in this nominal wall thickness of the pipe or 0.004 in., whichever is
specification (see Practice E426) has the capability of detecting greater. The width of the notch shall not exceed twice the
significant discontinuities, especially the short abrupt type. depth. Notches shall be placed on both the OD and ID surfaces.
14.3.1.5 A purchaser interested in ascertaining the nature 14.9.2 For Eddy-Current Testing, the reference standard
(type, size, location, and orientation) of discontinuities that can shall contain, at the option of the manufacturer, any one of the
be detected in the specific application of these examinations following discontinuities:
should discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubular 14.9.2.1 Drilled Hole—The reference standard shall contain
product. three or more holes equally spaced circumferentially around
6
A790/A790M − 22
the pipe and longitudinally separated by a sufficient distance to 14.11.1 Pipes producing a signal equal to or greater than the
allow distinct identification of the signal from each hole. The lowest signal produced by the reference standard(s) shall be
holes shall be drilled radially and completely through the pipe identified and separated from the acceptable pipes. The area
wall, with care being taken to avoid distortion of the pipe while producing the signal may be reexamined.
drilling. One hole shall be drilled in the weld, if visible. 14.11.2 Such pipes shall be rejected if the test signal was
Alternately, the producer of welded pipe may choose to drill produced by imperfections that cannot be identified or was
one hole in the weld and run the calibration standard through produced by cracks or crack-like imperfections. These pipes
the test coils three times with the weld turned at 120° on each may be repaired per Sections 12 and 13. To be accepted, a
pass. The hole diameter shall vary with NPS as follows: repaired pipe must pass the same non-destructive test by which
NPS Designator Hole Diameter it was rejected, and it must meet the minimum wall thickness
0.039 in. [1 mm] requirements of this specification.
above 1⁄2 to 11⁄4 0.055 in. [1.4 mm]
above 11⁄4 to 2 0.071 in. [1.8 mm]
14.11.3 If the test signals were produced by visual imper-
above 2 to 5 0.087 in. [2.2 mm] fections such as: (1) scratches, (2) surface roughness, (3) dings,
above 5 0.106 in. [2.7 mm] (4) straightener marks, (5) cutting chips, (6) steel die stamps,
14.9.2.2 Transverse Tangential Notch—Using a round tool (7) stop marks, or (8) pipe reducer ripple. The pipe may be
or file with a 1⁄4-in. [6.4-mm] diameter, a notch shall be filed or accepted based on visual examination, provided the imperfec-
milled tangential to the surface and transverse to the longitu- tion is less than 0.004 in. [0.1 mm] or 12 1⁄2 % of the specified
dinal axis of the pipe. Said notch shall have a depth not wall thickness (whichever is greater).
exceeding 12 1⁄2 % of the specified nominal wall thickness of 14.11.4 Rejected pipe may be reconditioned and retested
the pipe or 0.004 in. [0.102 mm], whichever is greater. providing the wall thickness is not decreased to less than that
14.9.2.3 Longitudinal Notch—A notch 0.031 in. or less in required by this or the product specification. The outside
width shall be machined in a radial plane parallel to the tube diameter at the point of grinding may be reduced by the amount
axis on the outside surface of the pipe to have a depth not so removed. To be accepted, retested pipe shall meet the test
exceeding 12 1⁄2 % of the specified wall thickness of the pipe or requirement.
0.004 in., whichever is greater. The length of the notch shall be 14.11.5 If the imperfection is explored to the extent that it
compatible with the testing method. can be identified as non-rejectable, the pipe may be accepted
More or smaller reference discontinuities, or both, may be without further test providing the imperfection does not en-
used by agreement between the purchaser and the manufac- croach on the minimum wall thickness.
turer.
15. Repair by Welding
14.10 Standardization Procedure:
14.10.1 The test apparatus shall be standardized at the 15.1 For welded pipe of size NPS 6 or larger with a
beginning and end of each series of pipes of the same size specified wall thickness of 0.188 in. [4.8 mm] or more, weld
(NPS or diameter and schedule or wall thickness, grade, and repairs made with the addition of compatible filler metal may
heat treatment condition), and at intervals not exceeding 4 h. be made to the weld seam with the same procedures specified
More frequent standardization may be performed at the manu- for plate defects in the section on Repair by Welding of
facturer’s option or may be required upon agreement between Specification A999/A999M.
the purchaser and the manufacturer. 15.2 Weld repairs of the weld seam shall not exceed 20 % of
14.10.2 The test apparatus shall also be standardized after the seam length.
any change in test system settings, change of operator, equip- 15.3 Except as allowed by 15.3.1, weld repairs shall be
ment repair, or interruption due to power loss, process shut- made only with the gas tungsten-arc welding process using the
down, or when a problem is suspected. same classification of bare filter rod qualified to the most
14.10.3 The reference standard shall be passed through the current AWS Specification A5.9 as the grade of pipe being
test apparatus at the same speed and test system settings as the repaired as given in Table 4.
pipe to be tested. 15.3.1 Subject to approval by the purchaser, it shall be
14.10.4 The signal-to-noise ratio for the reference standard permissible for weld repairs to be made with the gas tungsten-
shall be 21⁄2 to 1 or greater. Extraneous signals caused by arc welding process using a filler metal more highly alloyed
identifiable causes such as dings, scratches, dents, straightener than the base metal, if needed for corrosion resistance or other
marks, and so forth shall not be considered noise. The rejection properties.
amplitude shall be adjusted to be at least 50 % of full scale of
the readout display. 15.4 Pipes that have had weld seam repairs with filler metal
14.10.5 If upon any standardization, the rejection amplitude shall be identified with the symbol “WR” and shall be so stated
has decreased by 29 % (3 dB) of peak height from the last
standardization, the pipe since the last calibration shall be TABLE 4 Pipe and Filler Metal Specification
rejected. The test system settings may be changed or the Pipe Filler Metal
UNS Designation AWS A5.9 Class UNS Designation
transducer(s), coil(s), or sensor(s) adjusted and the unit restan- S31803 ER2209 S39209
dardized. But all pipe tested since the last acceptable standard- S32205 ER2209 S39209
ization must be retested for acceptance. S31200 ER2553 S39553
S82441 ER2209 S39209
14.11 Evaluation of Imperfections:
7
A790/A790M − 22
and identified on the certificate of tests. If filler metal other private identifying mark and whether the pipe is seamless or
than that listed in Table 4 is used, the filler metal shall be welded. If specified in the purchase order, the marking for pipe
identified on the certificate of tests. larger than NPS 4 shall include the weight.
15.5 Weld repairs shall be completed prior to any heat
treatment. 17. Keywords
17.1 duplex stainless steel; ferritic/austenitic stainless steel;
16. Product Marking
seamless steel pipe; stainless steel pipe; steel pipe; welded steel
16.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification pipe
A999/A999M, the marking shall include the manufacturer’s
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
FOR PIPE REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the
purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is provided
in the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,
retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.
S1. Product Analysis If a specimen from any length fails because of lack of ductility
S1.1 For all pipe over NPS 5 there shall be one product prior to satisfactory completion of the first step of the flattening
analysis made of a representative sample from one piece for test requirement, that pipe shall be rejected subject to retreat-
each ten lengths or fraction thereof from each heat of steel. ment in accordance with Specification A999/A999M and
S1.2 For pipe smaller than NPS 5 there shall be one product satisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length of pipe fails
analysis made from ten lengths per heat of steel or from 10 % because of a lack of soundness that length shall be rejected,
of the number of lengths per heat of steel, whichever number unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remaining length
is smaller. is sound.
S1.3 Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical
requirements specified in Section 7 shall be rejected. S4. Etching Tests
S2. Transverse Tension Tests S4.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etching
S2.1 There shall be one transverse tension test made from tests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions of
one end of 10 % of the lengths furnished per heat of steel. This Method E381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross section
applies only to pipe over NPS 8. from one end or both ends of each pipe and shall show sound
S2.2 If a specimen from any length fails to conform to the and reasonably uniform material free of injurious laminations,
tensile properties specified that length shall be rejected. cracks, and similar objectionable defects. If this supplementary
requirement is specified, the number of tests per pipe required
S3. Flattening Test shall also be specified. If a specimen from any length shows
S3.1 The flattening test of Specification A999/A999M shall objectionable defects, the length shall be rejected, subject to
be made on a specimen from one end or both ends of each pipe. removal of the defective end and subsequent retests indicating
Crops ends may be used. If this supplementary requirement is the remainder of the length to be sound and reasonably uniform
specified, the number of tests per pipe shall also be specified. material.
8
A790/A790M − 22
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. Table X1.1 IS BASED ON TABLE 1 OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR STAINLESS STEEL PIPE (ANSI
B36.19-1965)
TABLE X1.1 Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe

NOTE 1—The decimal thickness listed for the respective pipe sizes represents their nominal or average wall dimensions.
Outside Diameter Nominal Wall Thickness
NPS
Schedule 5SA Schedule 10SA Schedule 40S Schedule 80S
Designator in. mm
in. mm in. mm in. mm in. mm
18⁄ 0.405 10.29 ... ... 0.049B 1.24 0.068 1.73 0.095 2.41
1 ⁄4 0.540 13.72 ... ... 0.065B 1.65 0.088 2.24 0.119 3.02
3 ⁄8 0.675 17.15 ... ... 0.065B 1.65 0.091 2.31 0.126 3.20
1 ⁄2 0.840 21.34 0.065B 1.65 0.083B 2.11 0.109 2.77 0.147 3.73
3 ⁄4 1.050 26.67 0.065B 1.65 0.083B 2.11 0.113 2.87 0.154 3.91
1.0 1.315 33.40 0.065B 1.65 0.109B 2.77 0.133 3.38 0.179 4.55
1 1 ⁄4 1.660 42.16 0.065B 1.65 0.109B 2.77 0.140 3.56 0.191 4.85
1 1 ⁄2 1.900 48.26 0.065B 1.65 0.109B 2.77 0.145 3.68 0.200 5.08
2 2.375 60.33 0.065B 1.65 0.109B 2.77 0.154 3.91 0.218 5.54
2 1 ⁄2 2.875 73.03 0.083 2.11 0.120B 3.05 0.203 5.16 0.276 7.01
3 3.500 88.90 0.083 2.11 0.120B 3.05 0.216 5.49 0.300 7.62
3 1 ⁄2 4.000 101.60 0.083 2.11 0.120B 3.05 0.226 5.74 0.318 8.08
4 4.500 114.30 0.083 2.11 0.120B 3.05 0.237 6.02 0.337 8.56
5 5.563 141.30 0.109B 2.77 0.134B 3.40 0.258 6.55 0.375 9.52
6 6.625 168.28 0.109 2.77 0.134B 3.40 0.280 7.11 0.432 10.97
8 8.625 219.08 0.109B 2.77 0.148B 3.76 0.322 8.18 0.500 12.70
10 10.750 273.05 0.134B 3.40 0.165B 4.19 0.365 9.27 0.500B 12.70B
12 12.750 323.85 0.156B 3.96 0.180B 4.57 0.375B 9.52B 0.500B 12.70B
14 14.000 355.60 0.156B 3.96 0.188 4.78 ... ... ... ...
16 16.000 406.40 0.165B 4.19 0.188 4.78 ... ... ... ...
18 18.000 457.20 0.165B 4.19 0.188 4.78 ... ... ... ...
20 20.000 508.00 0.188B 4.78 0.218B 5.54 ... ... ... ...
22 22.000 558.80 0.188B 4.78 0.218B 5.54 ... ... ... ...
24 24.000 609.60 0.218B 5.54 0.250 6.35 ... ... ... ...
30 30.000 762.00 0.250 6.35 0.312 7.92 ... ... ... ...
A
Schedules 5S and 10S wall thicknesses do not permit threading in accordance with the American National Standard for Pipe Threads (ANSI B1.20.1).
B
These do not conform to the American National Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe (ANSI B36.10-1979).
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A790/A790M – 20) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2022.)
(1) Revised quench method wording in Table 1 to allow for

rapid cooling by other means than just air or water.
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Standard Specification for

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

2.5 AWS Standard:7 4. Ordering Information

S31200 100 [690] 65 [450] 25 280 ...

FOR PIPE REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

TABLE X1.1 Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe

(1) Revised quench method wording in Table 1 to allow for

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