Functions and Models ‘THE FONDAMENTAL OBJECTS THAT2 curren Fn en sce I The f Four f Wrens on quit dpe on sates wey bate todsebe ar endoaaip tw hein. Conse the fli ow atone i - ‘A The we ofa cil depends he oe de, Te ue at casts paaon a given by theguon = a Wench pss onder ere ver | ‘conn ‘soca ne aloof 4a wea thd fn of ‘300 | 16 [The uma pops of he wd depend ate ine, Theale ier ‘0 | te tes of we poplin Pa ie fortes er expe, 120 | ise 830) = 2,S6y000.09, a 1850) 2. 1300 | 200 ‘ote mt each au of eter ioay oe cnespodig alte oF, een) a and wey tt i fu 1960 | 3000 (© The con Caf ting ane degli wot, Altiaph hr no 17 | mp Simple frou Di Sonnet oa le fr ema © tomo | tase wen os oon, 190 | a0 . Th vera acetone ground sie by ese ag too | eo ‘Brink ise ncn of helt gu shows sap eae aw | ow ‘by esc arin otis et sok Los Ansel Lae | en 398 Fore given ao th pap prvi sap value ates) rat) Places a) ep lea ig ie xc tte exams debs rule se hat vena mabe (0 ober rime (PC wages In ech ene We) ot ie Sond mas ea fectoo of eft ounce ‘Afwactin 6 auth niga oh lowe cle 3) nat eunully consider sons er wich iss Date se ofl sumer. These Pisce te domain of etc The ante nthe alt fated ind “ots Uh ange of ft tal ose aff) ax cs cot te nis A pol tht eps any mii edo oases el snependent arable Ayo tect bern ag ol ‘als Gependent vasa. nape A forest nepondnt te ant isthe depen arabe sar ew tener tik of uae aa machine (ee te 1.2) si th domain fare =e tntan fhe ven ee ncn hae ate Sanit igure 1.2 modes an cup fs) cra tele fh ton Sone ca to te uci uenaosftin oan th of al pons sd gets al nee reneeIeee ASrmi tech popu ti ec pd cep oo EicipGuuetcmmes, lseecamp gupnit etch ERM EMERES Satis Eig ty aedy” ayaa chen sno sSacicorerseiaminbednninot efecto inborn eel SRST idee ts) 0euseprnnetrt i wllopernee apy cco ee ‘ca cin sas te ied “Figeayorctinurscacangedaekatat ona oo ome MerLion fly Deve a ‘hte wy pce con year demain ee 3. Bath anor snes Dineen ees soe Smyoomeaa sinew ‘hematcomnon med figs at sn eg i no th undone pape tte a sa)ixe 0) ae Na tt te spn i tir ek he pot f oi ea maintain? pn o)n curiae nth bugs The gph afecion fit pa eit ae la Int Sure nord nym yore pis) =f we ed Theva fc) om he grag eng eof ght vl ee gue The gph of fa ls ope he dan of font ax a (nfo), Piguet Page ‘eve i) thenignot te gage Ara ate ea a ge Bowe fasten [EXAMPLE 1 Information from the Graph off ‘Tegra function fe shown age (a) Ftv of 1) and 13). . (0) Whats the domsin and range 7? SOLUTION (a) Wesetom Pg ta te poi (leone gph ot 5 valve of fai) ~ 3, Inthe eds he pi on he gah a ies sot = Is Smtssboete xa Paste 1 ‘Whe he graph es about Pu ate cai, ween ‘Depithely=/6) tf) 02. (ese tat) dined when <7, 20th demi off the cased emi rite ingionin inl 7. Note ha the onall aes om 2198 0 ange of Fi ‘em Gyl-tsys4)[-2.4) . LA TENSEXAMPLE 2 Domaln, Range, and a Sketch (9) Maegan fe graph it~ 2x ~ and oie ths sig the gp lana wi slbpe 2 and neg I. Rel ogee ook the cg a stn: y= mx. See pense 8) Ths cater eshte ato oft eng finite 17. Tsapesen 21 dete all ‘amber, othe oan ff he tle eunbe,Wich eke By The pg stove ht th ngs a (9 se 2) =2°= and 1) coal plot hopin (24) and (C10, tog ih afew oer poi th gph an Jan bem pode the wae Fg 3). Th eaton te psy = ch ope Asal ee Appendix Ch. The domain 9 The age geome l ‘ales of) tht al nabs te Ba > for limon ‘say pe mtbr yi use. So tema g is (3 y 20) = [re ‘Tscaao betes fom Fig 1 = EXAMPLE Ditforonce Quotient Kffe) = 20 Se+ Lane #0, ate sovurion at (+1) by eplacing swith a+ hin ees ef fash = Yara —sas +4 la 20h 648) ~ Shab) P4ah +28 50-84-41 Sutin anh ge xeon ad singly LOAN fe. Get toh +26 —s9-41)- * 7 Seb 2841 s+) intact dlterce {Wola oon eu a : Secu selscer a “temas eons eh = Mahzen 42K 2 ees . 14 Representations of Functions ‘Tere mei poe way torepcee nt fact ie Reo Fx + retally “hy adoption in wens) namely (eyo bie ses) + vuny ty gph + shy (yan xpi ors) 1a sng econ can be repeat in ur vy i's oe mel to ender the wu erevnaion Wo ai insight io theca he ton. In sale 2 fries, ested with algeria ied te abs Inter icine herbed more sty yeh a by ae ‘isin mines cme te four ites ft eco eqn of seen a |sent Thraat Four 5 ‘A. The mos fl rpesonein of eaten acice after i as inpohty fe ls formala A) = «waht peel compile taal wle orto seth raph al ra) Bese cle hos oe Postado sr >0) (0,2) an erage lo (0,2) [-—"Tepaacie ] Newnan oft oo in wk) he as popula eS thon fh wed timer Ln 30a = Deorespads te yest 1D0h The le of shes of wer populaires acme: eresetaton 1w90 | 680 ‘ft feo Uf we pot eae rae, eon a eel in Pig 1.91 vei) 1730 {coisa itl prevention: the phos oto viel hen at once tm] tea ‘Wea sho formals? OF course, sings dria exit foes Et alles {hes beat human poplin PG ny inet. Dati seo End a iaec| icoa Exp fo fection tapes) I wig mes expand ea ee {Seta 12, we oti the sprennaioe 1930) 3000 2) =F) = (149853 17) (1.08957 wn} 30 aS Ft 10 shows ht (i ren onde Taft f alld 3 ee ‘nahn noel fo poplin pth Iter ot i non wh ors {rexel approxi te tela fuse ion, We wil are ‘Se bomen tht the conets asset be apple ute of ves an ‘spt formant necessary rep pert) sxe a at 08000 a0" Figs 39 Fipte 130 ‘Nv pate pean dat lj sees ‘The fanctn Pistia of he ann tt re whee we tempt ppl) (Sha the al esd. We awh el deneptian futon. Then trem be aw const al hes of ont, eps ro ists Teataigs na scleti exprinent Ee hugh we ot ae one Sc Towege of he ilies of be cin, wil engin ix at it Se maateaeee ‘ul peo perfor the pean a lcs on sta ction. 6. Atami fanton i decid in wor: Lato) eh cw of alg wage 5 wows) [ ctw)(dotie) | seep ih weigh Te ale tat te US Pred Sec aed a of 207 Is Oewsl | Ome ‘fone Tha cat 98 cents fou pls 2 en each onal tewez | ‘cee upto 13 o, The te shawn emai tb ost pestle ‘valet repecoton for hr acon, ugh isos eich a graph aewea | tat {Geetuanple 10) ASSES | ka | 0: megnonsbowe in igure 11st os petniion oi vest tesckaton anton (I re hts of eben nel np, sd Fiseven posable devise an apraie omal Bateeyting» polit teats now angles and ptm ee iy fom he ah (ese ta forte pte ses nests at ENS a6 plygrpts ore destin) Inte ent example we sth he righ feson is doa ely.Gee apt ve EXAMPLES Function Defined Verbally ‘Arya tured on aot fet he emperor depend en tow kg ets ben ming. Draw soph phot? 8 fontn he ime eld sh et wa red on sowwmion, “Then eae of he rening water ilove eoum ener eae ‘ert sting teppei he water rom th it er ak ta Mowing te te at, ees quik As ter frome i attempt the ete er he ba Whe be aks Ses ‘Taser ong of he we spy cele mth ugh seth Ta fst ie ™ ‘in Banpe we stt witha veal sition ofa finon in hye sae and kan at ep seb frm, Thr salen el Sion no {mes fomie~isexeoly wef alvin se ole hk te ‘ema nin es ot, EXAMPLES Volume ot | rear sg comes ha pee tp has ame of 10 The enh fist ities wh, Mate fr tebe cos 10 per ae ier mera Feet eco prope mtr Egress the con of mat facto the widhet tebe, SOLUTION "Webegin wit gam in Fg. and inaction yeting wan Dr be the aha hbase pete and ee ki ‘Theoret basi 2a = 27, othe cos, in dla, ofthe maa fo the seis O20). TW ef hese ave ste wh nl ero ae es 2 2 ‘heer ofthe na fr be ksi Gu) +204] Teta co rene C= ta) +6) + 22h] = 2008+ uh ‘Tonge Cara fenton fw lone, we ee sab We oy ing the faethe vlc? Toa wCupk=10 Sohn fork weave ws 4 Suiting isin he eapeion for C, we ane +o) 0 Th igual Whesenieatectyomce igs -2Teedomainis omer [-2,0), ‘eae mate frwickthe (Fuser demir ‘ee cs preseen oe Sine we eta by) ot dade wien = Oo “Toner te drain eg #0, xf “The nc ee wen in intel mtn (0 00,1) U (en) “The gh offline aca in te s-plae But ow do wee fac ince {bole gag ofan Tis i asere byte Vert Lie Tt “Tae Verleal Line Tost ‘csr ate rah afnetion fifa ony a0 ver ine incom th cre oe aoe ae, arlene ye ve Lin Tes ig 1.13 aghe verte ~ late Haan creeems se Sturveatmot ome, (8, tan excl ne Fst as eel by 0) = mecmiailtetepiyee's Dutifalipex = aise ie cave wiz, a o,) ad (a) hath cae cae, Iicioeehtns ernst fren fratn Beane acon canot sign wo dient vio Aetna (Tosca eps fein, 0) This care dosnt pn fet. Fer eam te pols =? —2 shown in Fig 14) te pag of ftom of ome Bree erical es hc ete pnb ce. Te eral net det cnn he raps of ec. Nose ath eq Mt hsoy = 4c 2 Te per over es aya ori Pogue 4 ‘rane mycin te ag er mae son, De aaaof the pit ee wap of bs ens J) a0) =v Seok 40h we event of andy, at gun = Hy) = 9? ~2 de ies 'funedon ofthe np vale ds the depen le) od the panels my te pha ean YET tom ele ' Piecewise Defined Functions ‘he functint n he flloig example ae deed yf onset fea ats fi doa Tew fncns cll plecevie dele fc EMAMPLE7 valuate a Piecewise Defined Function The urton fi dnd by ro-{ Brain (2, (1a (and etc te prep off Ion test soLUTION etme ta faction al. Foi par ection the te {slowing Conse te wa of hap Wes -1, hatin af fist owen fx >I, ten tesa of fe? Sins 2 <1, ene f(-2)=1=(-2) = Since 1 ¢-1.wehne f(t) =1=(-1)=2 Sine0> —I,welie 0) 6" =0. ‘Tosh ts gap nce aCe < then fs) = | ~The pa th rok ot te este at oft vaca ine» 1 eas line = Tiina dge Taner ix > —1.the () = 2 Sothepar ote zp of f ha is to te ee ie £51 ninco wid be gap 2 whieh a pabele ‘Te ex oF sown Fig £18. The a eines hat Be (1,2) gue 138 ‘sinclar, Tope tints http (11) ena ape ‘om th gr . ‘Toe nest example pee nd ton fh abe vale fin, Rec thatthe te vale of ania dentey a the dts om eon ‘eal nero. Disaass e ala peo 9 we hae Seuss abehtoces 7 [a120 forcrery manber teres For xampl Bisa, 1 Wi tfavi-1, [a Remember hata iene, haa pose SESS nea caesreieamacaneueescaereenmanccoe- flseoron a ahaa 9 EXAMPLES Absolute Value Function ‘Sth be graph ete setae fen fs soLurioN ‘Teresina imp at ox taco win Se sing he sane meas in eagle 7, mec ie pho fens th Seine y= tthe ial patio and eae ih he gly Se letter. See Pipe 16 Dl [EXAMPLE 9. Formule from a Graph la fru fr he feton hos igh igs in Fg LT soLUtioN ‘hen tough (00) 1) as ope 4 nec b= 0. eu PPS] Sycemieer sensors! in Fe eb I. fax @Osx<1 LLL EE ET et tio, a0) ape = gure 137 ON?) w ne Tren fa) 2-2 aces? ‘et se that te graf coincides wi he xanis forx>2, Using ht info at, we ave the folie deft orf fx wosnet Se=l2-x terse lo essa eT its pol stpe fore EXAMPLE 10. Mall cant [stampede begining of hi seo, we cena he cost, Cw), of ab ‘nga emeloe wit wth w The eo taps data ene ee, ‘Singh abe of values in Exangle weve 098 Wo< hy ittews2 awy=fiw e2cwss Le acwee ‘Ts yaphof Cis stow nga 118 Youcnae wy fates sew em Figure 1a a ee step functions mp or, mortals to he net We Wil enn ‘ny hese ots ste del Chaps? . ‘Symmetry adnan f satis 1) = freeware its ami, hen fea sncve nctlon Foran, futon fs)? ere case fea) =a) yt) ‘Toe romsicsiniencofanrenfunion ats raps ym with eget a | Reanrmmemremecesersnme10° cere fone ante wont Figure 221 (rape beta eh {0th yas (2 ig 119) Tia ham pl he graph of fo 2 Oe i ei gph aly by ettig ie ton soa ys Ww eat | ZN wah og . Mr gure 120 Getta tn, ape an 8 fan, fuss (2) =f) forever nis Soman, thf ela funcon. Peres te fotos fo) ot ec Fea? = 90) ‘The gph of anol ton is yma tut he oii ae Pigue 120, we ley he te ght f Tar > 0, wecan bl the ene gph by to as oon 180" saath og EXAMPLE 11. ven, Od or Neither each css, dwn whe te ge ftom sven, oe Wofe= sx (96) =1-¥ souUTION, Thee 9 snore fon (0 Wen) =2-3)~ (9? Siow Ma] Ae ah») HG, contd tat i et een on “The rps of the ft amg 1 shown Jo Figs 12, Nae Ut he ap oF s symm, tna he yao at he en (ycrpaty (Gag ork1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions ‘he gin Fgwe L228 fl 0 Can en api fom © {2 The uncon fis ob icrening 0 te nea eet ‘increas sgn] Notice af waaay tocol ipa ctf) <7) Tn en pen of ig Plow 122 ac iegnpcicetoa se Acces ‘aticeaig ‘Afni /sineresing on an interval if > fle) Ses) whewser 3 20 Solving isi eget ‘We thre ped tat be CO, ee wl exceed 420 pen bye yur 228. Ti predson aly bsmie ices ie fey em ca berate ot, te see fom Fg hate wend a es for CO: ee lar ore py inst er othe ve might xen £20 pp el tefl 202 Tat {heel sense in 205, . 1 Polynomials ‘A con Piss pole it Ph) aye te ‘whee mis soe nea he bard, tt tnd ‘he clene othe ply Te ain yl B= (eI teen coeiet Oe the degre of the pve. Fe esp be nowatoate Wav ‘sa polyomin of degre. polynomial of eg is ote frm 9) = mx | Dando itis iar ont A, Pebyoonial of dope sof thefors PQ)» ax + br cy whee 4 sa cada ‘qaadraiintion rp myen pesos isd ylang, the graph fhe una» = ax me wl cn Sein LA Te prod en ‘pwr ifa> Dan domardfa «0 (See Figs 131) ° Pause 13 Tieppetugnisi tote ‘rowel Gophoty= steed Ee20 oweren Ft ae ‘Apts of degre i fe fm Pey=ePshtberta, af0 nse acai anton Fyne 2-hows the phot cai ation pe) ‘3 gop of polyols ef depres and Sin pr) nt). We wl eater hy the gs me thse shape, roman ombatyest-3?+6 eee ee gid ymie com nn mt a ont wml Bera Wiritee reas eo nee ‘Mea polynomial P(t erste ct of gong is ome. ‘he falling examle we es gad fon fmt height of eat es vi sass SRAMPLEA ‘the ON Tower ett ght tai pe hp eck fC Tae 450m ete ma Teh el ea se peed acon e Tins] age | merit hens Fades a nls toe nena) | (eeen | Dyan eva sana o |e soustiow Ae ‘et ot fh shai gu 13a aide 2 | a erate Ss | om ° ¢ | ms > | ae + | ie > [ia ‘Ste pte ing ht, Theat ena sg Sete "ok si hese poi pe onl, 0 yw uae med ine ‘ings ping clue eFgce 2) compere syst wh aes diekastqs metal, webinar wd 09.95. +096¢— 4902 a SETS aeecaanacrveen2TON12 tena oe AC Fost cts 2 Fr 135 ons he pap of guia apt wiih du. The uaa nose vies ery B00 nate Figure 138 nto oe ‘ae i ‘The lush ground whe h= 0 soe sole equa equation AS + 0960+ 44936. “Te qui formal ies TRAD OTA aos po 6 YORE ITI eee A450 ‘Th pve ae is 9.67 0 pith he bl wil ihe roa so seconds, Fue 36 hows slong equaton wing holon. . otro ig toh, ws Power Fun ‘asin afthe form J) = x ste isa cota sole power fein. We one eve ca, (0) 2mm where pose inte ‘ho gh of fe) = f= 2,34 a Se sho in ig 1.37. (Tos oe oly wth ony one term) Ween ne he tage of the was ef y= {ae thei wih ope Daly = pal) (Gmphotyex ——Gaghotye at —G)nphafy = Oaghafy= Gay = gore 137 ‘he paps at 0) = retenas ‘The geal hap ote pap of fs) = degen om ter ns ve oc 8, i ‘ese jf) = x uneven cont gph pes pa slr the ah ihe paabelty =< fn sodden fe) =" an of tion adit pha {eaten eppsite diets, ela te gphaty = 2 Neier gee 138, Nowee sine te pg oy = "hese ater er and orp [a] Lists smal ts, ofc ee? snag? weve sale," seal sil son{ert whe ese eed Fie tows ofa o ss Migure 2.8 i atx Foreaele VF = 4 gue tt fn sect ‘esque on ay ‘pote mere Pian 130 Gorter toa ‘lanes sont pst where mies paste integer ‘eft fi) == YF isa oot ton, een ~ 2st gene at ie aa fe) = Ys ow ens [canbe gh te per ha the tea ihe Rew He) ct nn cal =F esi the en fy. he ops apn Ferm = 3 we hae ie ‘at fn) = Ys den el a ve) ra ame as 8 ‘tet asd vine pap is show ie Fig L3H), Te gph = 9 orn od (> Sissinireraepaphory = YF, eloworad enh apper hl apr a oe) cupnerso~ Ke (i) a= ‘Te gop of erwin fa) =2°? = fish Fg 140. zaps he quinn y= I ory» [anda bypela wih cd es {6s agp The ala [0 oe ge y|9 7 0). Ts ae ‘om aes pss nd eet common th Ble Lay whys ot ‘et Os enpene rcntnt the wl: Vol gine pepe 6 esa v Wee Cis const Tas tbe graph of Vas feta Pie Fg LA) as the‘0112 Waberatcs Manic Cy Eset on 29 som geass sh ght a of Fig 40st domain (PP > 0} ft cnges{Y(V>0} owe fcons alo wd to mode pes ma sicstps ee 6), te ‘ton a eto tance oe igh ue (ers 67) pe of ‘Sol pata fenton oft diane em ean Exo 9) 14 Rational Functions Arnal tnt fai of opie ft 10> 5 ue P a Q a ploomins. The dein cans of a vaso x ach a (taht an @ hve ofr in somnn e te Br of f B eed yma athe rot of 2 Suppose P and Dh common ctr el ey) ‘fain Ps (c= i tein. n> hee ato a ete ‘yap ate fe < the he raph fice ‘sil example of tonal function ith fon 43) = 1 Whe dri i (cls 0}stsiete resp! cin papal ia Fe 10. Th ton ‘eer anton wih din (| #2). agp eso Pigs 42 1 Algebraic Functions ‘a ae leis oni fone gee Cpt (chee on mean ana tg a ‘Seinyspmne Any anon asa Ree Hei VF 90) = EAE eT ‘Wen we etch lpi ection ia Cap we wl at er raps an strane vay stan Figure 43 ste sme he poss nonmet se NeS (i Cocemn atten ae ela si cea Ancram sai faction ects i ey of ay Tema perisiewit wscy wie neers ietheet afte pale and. 3. Omega ig in “Ancxample of anoalgetic or ranssadel cons ne24 werent fetid as HE sxncwes ‘Soncept en Voeabulary "acc he Alps tis ii te) = 2 wer Pay tnt amin oo 2. ert hep tt oa 10) = 2 cons 0 iin ere, 4. Maso Pie The gaps fat con tei smn ‘Teor Pe Toe gph at facie canoe nape 627 Chay et acon oe st cn aoneni a eprom rape Sarno oan agate @u=? (owed 149 p= 3) ae Riayat £0 Mach enn pg xi your ‘tie oe eee Lidye? wae or Rare ya? Precis 10 Tele sn tat coma ep (1,9) ad opens byes? yaaa 11 tapi ntti pi, mera Systetesd Olpastoaees one oreriet 12 nisfdetmatcr omg oma £8 oun, awa owing rt Stn be fie {9 ain) er ahi met ee 1.2 Fat in oom fen Mefoete—3 5 sne oe eae ee SE Migerenet — manevin a= viF Bs opel hse tt a anne 2SECON Mahuta Aatlogat Geel rane 25 6.0) s Pe) ‘renga te LA ALL ‘Find i non oh ha (3) = 10)= 0. 3.17) = 3c Santa ant wo oy dt sine imi ean hy 2 gues £0)=1) itaaye ne ee ae Whats) serpin LO $6. damin an gf quinn fibede sh 4. aa ton whose rng |<} aia ot chaste a) ra a eed 19. Fnde et con fr gf) = 31. tern ton i ie en 29k en tn ft defn a= 2 © aa induction i ey te icine ‘Sse 2 ine se ember oe ‘ty (0) Fd ecuon ey of tite hat (2) = he sor ene ‘ie (Mtn eons aes? fe)2!'t niet 3) we onme? Schane! ‘omit Mec sel come! Sach ow nero isi ES a (0, Fan cuton er ech fe gut aso ae mopeeenonn oo ‘4. End anexsion ra cai tion 1) = 6 inet) =s0) =) =9. 45-47 Cty ha he rch tata (5, lic fon at nog ie ‘et 252. 1 enn na tet ea 0. sen totem tie Sone ‘Applctions and Bxtonstons Rn seinen ht he ere eis apr ‘eth ert ben ey Sense Sete te tempore y tor ce Polar t3n stew Tistowpntes ie Cole eps yeune B0 (0 Wit ue slg Pier peta te esto gree () ee oqatin opie meng sa rce ‘epee a2 9. eames nut dng oda Gn, ‘Spy dngforen oat (a) Pte sigeot te pap af Wha ec ese (0 Wrst coger anentent $8. Thefcond =p esgpeaiesereg ‘cede oa cease eae ‘Slow iow a xt Sh ‘nw ne ou eqs su he ee ‘tng eae25 coment comand Maa 5. efi rts inte (0 wasnt ina apt te ‘esa cn os le Yen | tenons £9. ote nh we pom st a rs “teapot Sa bra ae) ey fel dose (9 apenas re tot et forth ay maga ge a Uo 0. (0) Ata eae 10 Bia? earn eneel 58 The ml a ef ig adept emi es ien onodntn e cot er ler eve 480 an in an i cote $460 to drive BD i, a rmersimanianumnmt _Dapeaamemest armen ‘the met ext aur 7 wae Wc et evieseaem ee sebesars” o Toprpemenanstine am Twlfevicnwingeaen Oram bpp ede acter piper haley {Dew the graph of tines funetive, What does the =ou o Sree metres (©) Wott ye te ee Digoegt ume ae coerce eee eereaeemnnnnny 0) Wh does a tinea function give suitable mod in stenunapmenitinm tence ° mal Sein on a nee © Setrtn ee Soiree ay speed weak Hepes AA, ean (@) gee dsc tem sie (0) Seca eopcte oin pat (6) Woe of tat Wan sepa Biieomtci psn? 55 Bike arth mete soy ‘eect npr ent WEecnarn 0h cap ieee ar (0) Fat epatin at oth tems Toaatacoot iste coer (Wate sete pp? Wo ose Ineconatl tcp? (© eects chip 5c perinws, > ‘soar ema Co 56. The mmol ie ey Ec ‘aroma oer ene 019 ds 0 ua ony (Een cox ort he mane fhe oe sa tees oe Sear (@) Mae ue fhe gad esi ‘epee sount pet enoneSEOTOU2 hart ee Cae Esl Pncine 27 (6 hati sae de a ste fem) gb gh Te mae! sla tps ‘indi aceon pal tlm i ithe) fate ef et ‘mag cao gh ashi fiber pint mgt [ie eau [He co |e [ea | on {B61 Te a ws tind ype ger Oo as [ime| ar | iso on Ewes espn 2 fu] 3 | ase "ba ath ar Sy |r} eo | ere rane | etd gpa) soo fu Som ° a0 te sine as sia uo sma wa spn ins som 34 ssi a (0) Cosas ns om cde ‘te ner opie a your (0) Fn ner gh tant pan (6 nd an yap eas geen i (@ Us tetra adinpat ee tee le fle fem zene 50 (6) Accrington nh ‘imo tS mer pee (0 Deja vote rsanbletn ey ims ie ene 0097 lan rea 2 tle tt ts chininge ‘tow weet pens eh eg ‘re: Tete sont nga eae tempers ‘Gini ine engere| rae | toxpene| Oo CF) {eins | EF) | how | 8 «fom | om o@ | om | os | oe “ a fo | oan (Commer ster pt ed (0) Finds gh eres ie (6) Grete noi nat) Wesna he (2) Caste pte ca (0) dan ph eps ne os te (6 Anansi inka fet ‘Sem Un yer oe hb 6 Wher bey at ae cgete te Se 0e ‘tendon tnt Tee a ea ‘espe y aot en, xgnwe | tatdontp | gee |" deep ests] lengthens} ep on of 2 | w | «| 6 | mw | a wo} s | a | wo | x | (a) Rte rp ra at, (©) Cmts ren i et apr (© Matai eri ae (6. Tp hs wld ee ayo min fe 19S woe nae of rl pr Your | Tomas aicans | fairy ° ‘toss 5 casas 0 no is ane 2 son = 30 a ase (0 Cons er een ewer ie Ina gpg xp reg (8) Fan pte geine (@ Ute tno ni et te conumpicn fear ne(6 Thee stows ree US eal in waren ‘ean os na9 [ceive ‘ ts (coments onan Stay (0 Fea gt oreo. (© Ley enn mp nee ‘ere psa ety 05 000 7 is ies sce ty nee Ito btm ty power cias tom ar Input of testy ‘tern pet at ys ta ih toon ug ‘Belin aman oye ty ote ip ow meh ah Inte erp os eon Hy ‘ilogs tate mse he perenne Fee es eee seed hai eo hse yt eon Smo (a) Thc cles as ovary, Me okra How may specced nce fi nae? (0 ym decree epee ir, 0. Thee some en tonngs dm da thn Eo en aig nt mente ethene) edt pe {Ge ornate) Yn | Ben | to pune | 085 (s) Bspove ldots nea = (0) Ketel a Pty Mi te it hn gel opt mae pt Ieper etme i om then: Der rap her Te a pao ei 70, Renton) =| + [+ 342th Sy etsy rant FEB riconomotsic runctions Angles AP aaa w sna ae ‘adie ea msn Aerts tf Th ge hen bye cal relatn cons 30° which these are Tle ada 160 ® o EXAMPLE 1 Radiane vermis Degrees (Fad then me of 0 soLvrion (see ane (9th yt ca i dept, ay, TeereSenet Mommas 29 (2 Tocooe om ai dees, we my by gm 5 (2) 20 nese wo ans to measure angles cet wen aria, The towing bl gies he conespondence between ers ta a ees of Soe somo ele: Dare [OL é Pains | oF [a [a [| ar] = [+ 7 wf | = »| 2[3|a|s|* gue sows sear of rele wih col age an ai ending an ‘ns then Se helen fe ee ppotnatetheief heangle Sc tn ene silat shounfeeace ral ral age 2, chine ara ert ane Scho thicyatin 8 ar we i ont ow © Reamer te expres inguin ce ln when ised ins welt = rin natn 6 wo can se th mane oat ange bende at thecene ofa coy nao nnthtate ris hci fe pe 83) EXAMPLE? Redian Meseure (2) Ite ras cic Sm, wha ghia by wef Gem? (© Mache catia, wt edhe pena sb yc npc of at? moeol sowttow (0 Ung pao with and 7 = 5, ween te age: (© Wik demand 02100938) = em s)-4 e ” ‘he stand poston of an mg occurs whe te sie vse atin of« ‘oan sym dsl eon he sis asia Figwe 148 A pve30 curent Fucieemetote stele cbse by ing en side coumrclockvse xis wh , owe hse of sin sen pn Nc en Ste ent ear aml i ht Lave tesa ni mi ier Doe igure at ein sand in 1m The Trigonometric Functions For a acu sgh @ x gunman ae eed as oso ets of more Ses ari tings oo ce Mga 1) oa gre 388 Rene ‘This defo dees wt ply to sbne ec epine angles, fr aga gl stanirpson we Pte plone teri ea and welt eth istace | OP| win Fa 130. The we deine set exe f a Fig 180 Tint fg noescorn 13. esmaanefinaers St lacs ota t dnt Sic ny nm nd? ad Ot iguana? cut aed when = Ns at ted a ato ao ae MaBor SUT psa ean eee 16 smb crvenn shat sa @ means ese of etl we rad neat in For cumple i penn 3 meu he sn fn fT din Using i them ain. Slay nit tes {degre Ser Pps 30d 33 Ne ta sone ets vey sed dey. gue 181 ats fond Figure 83 Secon qemu. ‘The eas igre ts for cena angles can te end fom he gh if angles nip 14, Force * 14 t wrt at r iw 4 cated ow che eal ay wy we wins Figure 14 "Te sgn of de wgenomac finns fr angles in cach of fe guna (onmon igs ‘an be enter by sing the acxonyn "A Students Tale Cae" shown gue 135, s = : To ]m pw Figure 195 mex [+ ]-[2]- EXAMPLES TrigonometricRation ad esti i f= 232 camens Fetiooae rei | Pigwe iss Reese ig = 2, Figue57 Reo ge iho = Fig 58 ime eee ge SOLUTION Using ig 1.8. on eel ee rd 2 i 1, YT, ing. x= 1, y= v5,r= 2h dfn of inom to, eave eet is ote F wa! avi ot - 3 as) . ‘The olloving table wots asso sino a and or comnoe es ent bythe met in Ete {et ern a oa eyes als] 2 fs ela | soa fo] t)2)4) 1 4 o} fo 2 lal? 7 ahafa A ew] 2]2] 4] 0 [4 eft fof 3] + [vs femel vs] a [Yo [a of aL [afm] [safe fowl CAMEL. Alone At od = Ftd <0 5 tonearm se SOLUTION Conde reece igh anita 2. bah te adjacent sie seg 228 Fg Lhe pp enh tea ig the Pymgoe Tee, 4a 2a mk xv Now use he digamto camp th he goer netos sing= sayy 2 YE 5 vs eon Swed . EXAMPLE 5 Approximate Lengths ‘Use techolog to spine ie lio rin Fg LS ‘Using the agra he cia te ng fn, woth a Bo eevious 50 ronan eon re sot inSece ceo 18 rnmaiehactons 8 Figwe 159 sows clei tion. 1m trigonometric Identities ‘Neieoometic deny i nt among gone nts, Te ma erate Rilong wih weet csequcncs of he defiant of etganenatefncions. o oad = ind Fare next entity, ete ig in he iT iste frat ny te Pape These es abt = 2. Tesefre sate gaten 545-282 8 Wohin ewe one of tn lt ofa gms tis sie cod} om Ir wedvde bth ies of Equa Dy mw wos 1=sc8 on Sime i we vis bt ss of ton 108 a we Loto mec on heer s(t) 08 aw cox(-€) cd as ho sie Sain deine san ntin. Tis ey oe ‘PSanings dorm shoving and stat pon = Excise 49> ‘Shosthe anes nd 6-4 Deve sae tina Sin(042n)=sind 0420) ~ 088 a “eats show tt he sin ad cai fons apr wt cd ‘Tereiinggonomeie etic wallcesqenss two aiden le headin formas sino) since #mariny as) prevey~sinany as)‘hs os ese akon ans a oot nae 14112, and 13 snag oyna Le an 5 al sing Equations He be ‘shih fotwingsabraton ema, Sins —y) incom y cs rsny (16) ls 9) = cszeney bain asiny (6) $e, eas Egon ml com eee sine¢ sme ‘Sips quien ci aaa fortes). Sarhc one eae !nBgetan 16, we oi rm eas) sey = Ba oe, tea) = a amy cugitee = siti ners 1h eon eagle Fore sits = Dsnscue am) ste = site sy) ‘yagi iy sin? + r= fw on be flewing erate oma the Shane formula a conn corde Zens 1 (099) 02a |= 2a 9 ATEN ete cen os al ts ln efoto aang farts. These ac xen pel haga cats coe UHR ‘om (205) aly. we fae the prt Km, which ane ind ng Egat 15 ante sinzcony ate) conreny any stciny= Hoey) ate Ti i many ther wesc nes; hwe, te age pesado {Hemost sae inocu, Remeber hte hates IG-At canbe eee Bunn Se 3b, eee :sero pmo Fnirs EXAMPLE Solve « Tigonometric Equation nd al wes ie 0,25 au at i soumion ‘ee donb an forme (185 tres he pen qutionas sings Dsinveoes sins 2ensconr=0 sate ee sins 22002) =0 ee ‘het et poses = xt x20 18 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions “The ea ofthe finan fe) ~ sna, sow ie gee 1. i oi by pe tng pis oe <4 ad then wing hp ae fe mein re jution I) compe he pap Noe et Ge aes of he ne on =A tite tger peo ts fine 0 whensecx=m, mania Uso entity cova = a(e9 d ich cant eis ing gion 15a, we a bia he gh fixsne By ‘sige ponte net eine APRA RF phot seats + pines eg fon he Nee foot te sn el cose Facts he ta 1 ate ids 2. ‘erento pak anfoodithe pion the mins (~c, 0) and erage te eed inal [Ls The Gameeoetpeitetena etn eee oe sagas -1seneest Daa38 overert Faire ats “The gr of i ening fur gems sos aed in Figs 18 igre 68 Gantry or ‘oe agent ad cso tos tv age (0,0), whee the ose an sections ge (~co, =] U0). fons eps ages ndeutmgot hve pro, wht and pcan ae sede EXERCISES Concepts and Voabary 1. Teor Fae = 08-1 {i Coes ean end deo 2. teers 6) ‘os 3 tewor ae t= St CD ae or re m= 4 Tracar abe eon ea ine ae sas S Shart Amer i Oana > wich 0.12-47 Comet eae om tn ee 1 fateh fa cer cubed by alot Fie muse cei 19 aceasta ekg othe feeb ace oet 7 20, Aci 1S. eg sab athe 21 ate tc leu on tee 3 2 Fn nc irom or ang aX wf wo & ur ae at os. “Find aes etc. ty (eine meat=t yune= 1 eb=-} see =02 mea wo oi teat = 2 wr @ om 57-2 Find olin gees mange}, oceet mune=3, ced Sucpes, Eeger ee e103 Sapiens 8 Mcapes, reper {9-46 Fn coe te cna plas te gt of “ “ b aN ‘applionions and Estasions 47, Deel wheter ction oo ate ose 9a omy) = 08 48 Fi te ge ro cnge rte ie noon 4-61 ove qa 9. 0) Byon e (enon 30 50.) yet to (9) Stn 7 5. ys (0) ton 8 (©) sone sca(E-s)asmz — shai(S+2) cox 4. sige sited =e88 omen fect mt 6. (doesn 21 ts Sim ashes pate) wary = ME 0380 Din eed ca mea Sou otne(st)emeiecgene Thats) eats) Mh oe-9) 1 sts) 150, Keay, 78 Fas tee 2) ly josh sina cde 84 Fl rae ei he at ly 95 Soe teagasy ASP coker [8 9% Demin epi ae, a ono ‘cote gsm oy=2unr (hy four (ye emae2 (y=) {7-08 gh econ, Syremle- 8) oh yume fe ) 1m y= tee 1 y= he 1. 1 sth gph of = n(%s) nds 68 tne "ergo deine nero ich oh frag 0 106 Sieh sah of y= a) fr 4 ee ‘Bah ene er cbs eh SCF néeneiag ed's 18 show ach £0 ett 16, Shwe th coe) sa 1, Povebe Law of Caine tims vi Ign and th mp een es wiblges ad oy ‘ua thee Exe yt ‘asthe ts oreo 10, Exp Law of Cains COP testa =e 6B lnaeghtne. 108. non ofits ie, stat is kes eh elasorok Nie Rsns tam Outen 98 exer eee: Om nina sng ta aa enon so gd as) lac}=!20m |ac|= 910m tml nye between ete ten Canim vec 00 tfindte HE Ue fod in sce 1 pve He in replete Toe gain Ea) ano oye aa rma gain 69 rhe ole B)= enact anaes 104 Shown shang ih tea > band wohl we 8s I Honan) — y coe) 115, Ft enfin ABC cc te i pai - 2 la}=t0em [ach sem cane [EB row runotions from o1d Functions Tn this ction we su i te ne into pst in Section 12 an 13 {nd bain now foie by ine, see. reterng tek als. We so ‘ow how to combine i fxctont byhe sans atv options by composton 18 Transformations of Functions By apy erin afro the palo ven encion we ea oii he ‘ok of ltd Goce, Ti wil veh aby et eos of any Fieton quickly by aw a els owe equates er eg, We wil ist conser trans. Ifa pose name, then th gr of Jas) es jut gh oy = le) led para csc of is ese ach peau tedy the me aero) Likewise 2) ‘the > O then thew of ga the anew the aa Thee of). Therefore te papa = fl) note tho ie mah Gos Pe 8, ‘Vertical and Horlzontal Shite ‘Suppose > Ohba te pga yo Tl) sho paphly= lnc wie wpe ofa) ~e sit egg ofy =f) atin ui daw = F<) ie pp = 7) edie wi tte si, ye fee) ahin ce pa of = fs) dance wi tothe et40 coeren Rar mc frm ' 1 ens ‘lyst yuma fru Pues Pineoer Sipe en ney eget Gps am hy sig sig he i yey eet Smet No les cone he ring ad ating on > 1, te he enh f ~ cfs) ihe hoy = fl) ed = of «eel itn Gein ech yr ply tee ber) Th goat 35 Aes gah) ~ else soar ates is pee Scythe pi (seer nde wigan wl cae tte athn, sings tts en) Vertical and Horizontal Steching nd Ralecing Siypame> 1a caine et 7 fh seh be fy fo) ey yo 2 (efi eptot =) vee fe 2M si be eat = hat face ee fll), sea te pacts “hazy yao Y= “fhe te pup =) wr ai = Aa eet pt =) up ere L68 tates the etn arin ta pl when ag Sonvihe ~ 2 ereump eos phy © Dee wena erin pn ety = rhc ne 5 ete eight mss tn te gh of = cst eed needy tera =” a Pow ee soca eeecmH Men nce mh ten $4 ater tosh th righ fy =e: we fst he corn by 2 "Ts enge the peri ofthe ie gph an sil he agh 9 = sms = foro EXAMPLE 1. Use Transformations Given th raph ofy = Ve tnonmasone gh y= VE envy Bo athy = e SOLUTION ‘The hf he sare ot action y= ys in Fee 1.69 ax Graph ‘The gh ofy — YE ~2 obi y sing ah A uns dowd. ‘The gach ofy = YF—Zis biel by shitig ag Anita gt ‘es gach ofy = — Fs ody ree Gh A aero he at “he graph ofy = 2 ie obey sting Gh Ave bys tao “oe gph of = VF by renga A eos he i om a gee 2.68 cence ‘rd sn EXAMPLE 2 Use Transformations Stach graph of he sion fs) = + 6 10 SOLUTION yaP 6r¢ 10-4341 tape ‘The gaghof fan inode gph pony = by siting it ‘eau felt an te Teta Se pe 1.7, Figo 3.70 Gently ter EXAMPLE 2. More Transformations ‘Sth heap af each fhe ewig asso, (oy=sie2e ©: Fo aadsoumnion (0 The gah ofy sine i down in Figue 7 Comps is gz bys ao 20 she he ppb yoetin2e shown gue 17, igre 474 Pique 3.72 Gina ee (capers = ana (0 Rett wip = sin os te ston te gph =a, Sait gph {ai oped oobi te gape = 1a shonin cophotynt vane EXAMPLE 4 Here Comes the Sun ge 1.7 sos gps of the amber ofa of yh ton eine year at mene. Given hat Pdi ted spony ‘APN td, fincton at ode he hf dig Sadia 2 igure 1.98 rp te ah ai oe ‘Meck 2t eos Deo 3a "awe Oba ‘Bono te 358 2 eccoTen Nevfrcontamadredioe 43 sorurion Node ate care reels ite and seed ie eon, Te ie teats of Pepin, nese aig a aba (43 hosen ie 2. {nd sn Dest 2, 30 api a he cee ey wih We Tete ech in carve verily) is 143 932} ~28 Becher aa 265 ap i. ee tpi of a nde hah 365 te pio) =n 2,0 he aon ting curs escent oe oie ae Mercere reeerinyr Fen eontti acne tp ‘ewer emt gh apiece ee Hearn apa 24u[ 2-0] . ne tems gt ig ese of seeps ine miemee bees Pr ‘hes f(a) > Oand y = ~ f(s) when f(s) < 0. This dein allows us to sketch toe Bad ith dpa jmgactecemarini te Fol alte aad te aca ono ean EXAMPLES Absolute Valuo Btfoct Shahin aon fnetony = 2° ~ sowwtion ‘hah ie uly ~ = 1 by ing te phy downoad | wit {gue 13, Tae phi ew teas ft << Rect his pt te gph aco he sas toate gphoy = [a= (pe 175, Figure 178 igus. omeery ahety= 2 1§ Combinations of Functions “Two fanion ang a combine form new tons f+ f= ase Ino mance sino te vay new, tect, apy od cvierel mame. THE sod lec ons te defied by (Fiai=s)+90) =o) =s00 =e) Ite domino aed he domino ea oe dain a +g in teen Ari Wcu ots) an) mt be ce. For eam th dain SEfe) = yo isd foo) the dno ya) 2 eB =o we aosino fg) = VE + WP =x BANE (2) EE48 corer Fuso = ch 543) coma J aly 2. | Te Jogamsan incepta inmate a en occ Sin the rsd gui ecto dee by unwoesiraa (Se te, a) ‘The domn of fy it ANB. Sie we cana dvide by O, be dain of fl is {4540.2 i} £0}. Faecal is) and ya) ot Lente doe oti atts (2) 4) = 5 29 oe. De) ‘Tre son anal onan mye cainog ofc on a in ie, For ample mp Oty =f) = vf md w= 9s) 1? +1 Sey on of al ft. allows tay aly aoe of We Bad yin fy sao =f) =f) =f 41) = VET ‘Ths mato ie gahety =) ce ea ste eggs} domeal can 2 Troe a The pee 2 anby= ae ae A truor Pas Theol = 2st apt fy, File theBink />5doee {6 Fitinthe ak saint) nsf in Iiedenui a che doa 1. Teor Fae =f) ora fs fa A Fila the nik He > tense gaptoly= fie) ea ste yomeery=fyreen 9 aver Sus) = VIE 18 stat ce Spe) = f=! wai te Soin of | mos mars 0025 (-m.)0 725,09) Mae Cae Spe) =) = VETS nd om myotog reyes Wiy2fem 1. Short Anger eso tain ght San(hr3}-eeamegmealy ns Fraics 13. Suppose ph aston Wie nes ah tl scale bef (© Si sataper (Su. doe (6 SA Soin pe (4 in nie et (0 Reber es (© Retest cot ye (a) Steck ery yr (Steak vont 3 1. Babee phic te poh war, aes orasees eens oye ane ays) (or>-H0)-1 oy Hb) 15 Tae gel upon fp Mahe eon ‘sitaeqbanlgnes mn rec che rio y=s0)45 Gos=\n4 y= -Fer8) loyal 6 16 Tae pgfan ge: Dw ahr ch H| ovens to yepter) for= i w= 109 17 The gf sein te gu: Un ase ‘mses tee epee sed econ Coe LH He EE jet The paphly = VEPs au estate cn ang iar he | ier 3] con Nev Funtenstomarintow 47 a ara(usntoe424 9 =the syecepnenegor on me © os 25 Teg ety =f eon te es 28 16) bone pat =09 abe pi me be coepaety= eh wen, me39, wom-9 ers 2.1 (6-2 onto emery =f) eh pin eb oF separeety=is( wy s-8) oe wes) An inte gay = fe) Wh of ‘Some ea mat bet? (ay Anreste phot =) #2102 (Anish = 64 (€) Animes tte stot =slla () Ansinsote gmt) =e 3) 87 23. simone poy =) 6 Whi ‘gangsters mat et (4) Avge gap = 06 @) Anwins ton pa y=lla) (6) Anew gy = (812 (©) Annet = (8) #2 ate mantel ong tons ores y= (749K) y=fot0) y=) coyes0) Dec a Cea48 curren) Fete ee 2 Mh poly =) noite oe @y= en y=) ‘Applications and xtansions 28, ae go la) ~ 2a [Aone Saeco be te ‘emi ental ee ea wpa verie 3.0 Hows hep fy Dens set ego 2g ro ier aa i 1 ee he (9 Tom se peg y = 14 Vt de apt = Yee or oad ig ee ty tye 32-47 Gat toy sang pate be ‘bets en eee #2 Sl eng Supa otmion ae Bey sn ynveFT Syst tinse spoiler synhm(-3) fy=lenel Fig 4 an eof ws ‘Fptah ater Omen faye Tce te sry ana bef ©. ibe sca who ps et ines ‘dees Fre nos vie si Ela, ted betern erases pS, tesmange tiger spn oe ond ‘vse sero 198 oe Fn ‘ath eps eh Copa one 19, Seep oft tie inte nl cindy oti Cott Ae Spree bs i 2 tos an eh oe ‘6a oto ato ew ‘ign tan) se! ie ae im ont Seaton dtcinatetee Stet tenes ae va fi renin age ce ot Ion snp relay oe ea ern pte angr ss 52.6) Hnwinegopety (© Ste he mot (© Slosoh test) = 8 Uevepiahal fnsbstihesastly= ih Ii ares of fae he mat ingot is ang y= 9 Ti aplabe your reasoning ? S455 Fad 0 40,09 Je fo fsa ma Syl) =P 428, gfe)20—1 fl) = VT=R_ fe) = VT 661 Fine soo F050) 92/8 fohent Gyeguntnine alesse, HID= 345, gas sy? 2 9 BI)= VET gh) ates Blaser, sim 41 2 Roe srs aE eesnaemeaneeraanancerecccneelllauroyne hau) tl 7 ee pe oni lt a) re bearacerier eee tid eupiyeghe of =the mre Wich a0 Gse)=le—t aK 2, Me = VE a=, Hae PH2 emi 90~ 25. MIME G7 Pts fag ef. Great mre won ane ore marie mngaativint?) eb = BL, - ‘7-76 Pina tunons 9, waht P= fogeh Pate tpaltiaca ee mai VT MY 1 pte tte Manon 15 9 meal 0) Waist isneranine erin vases li gate eerie Te Wetec cares 0. Ast aang ed er oe ‘0G Sharaogse mentee TPEPETE Oe bh ttre wm PPE ees (0) 7 sean eb tn ote PPL Pe ‘Sin Yorgi ne 2 Snchpton 11 Asis mingle 0En/ pel aa ret) alr) onsen Age Tao dinen ets xa) GEN — LUNI ican ee 7. ae pint fag mening se © reef touunceoc rts ss yi lee Stemi f= taps eeu ea in ncn thas tigi t=). (oT ey ratio nine Sct 62 asinine jing et iat cSkrnaymssntyowsminicce tee. €2 aps emt le 0 an aes ine ep (o) Uaeogeecn eatin 18. Te ee tn nea sae, oiaerK9 eso, (olorat-a) foyoni fouerNs eR wom fess Ws dine lof se ci oye‘screed fn Sean el se tin 1 Sheu paar ete Vy nace ‘ih sol nate Oa 3 ve pik inet vk We forte 5 Sty 1 Sesicum ttentn ns ‘aed orn ws Wa Iter mere) ting See ean) Tene sin din ri 83 aan ‘eon eramp tony =o) ice ‘remiss gus amt a ce oa (Stee apm eon) (St te gate ne Vo) aceite ‘siseon time Oot eg gal ‘Wiener Vins (oe (0 Spt ig mae ‘eet pabidyimenet 10 ako one eee 2 mene We rm i ete) 5. Laf nig ne toes with Sel=et oan) mer ofl fc? esp pai 1% Hyon inetd 68 ners ong hte ma (0) fl setter ee isdQ) te its, Acdouatdenoaen What acecangerio mje eaeted hsp nds aa Secon a 7G ae) 2+ Landis) 40 44 1a ‘sce fh f= Oy) tet nda = ‘tir fp BIL rym) 40 trnosk 18. Sipe p em on ecson andi =fog.banein se ti Eps ou esa 1%, Sao vss cn al k=. hsp an facta Wha) 08 Whi Fc [EB] exvonontiat Function: ‘The fnein fo) = ‘sale nepal fancion beret ele poset. Noe te erence between hc nt poe tens) noe the vanableeinthe ba, Te gone neon fein stone Fn f= whee spe ot er owe eat fein, es ten = x= =n whe pte itp he » sveteger ten = Bob ob 2 tne pd ganar a> ten 0h = (8)" i ‘cnt tanita tv etter of" when niente ur Forex at Joe ny 2p ad how dowefiad te ae? Cosi te gh oy = 2 whet ol. serena is gh sn ra ‘raion comb Piguet ‘in Figue 178 Nevestueninge he ean) = 2" ole th ond ‘Thee ae Hlesin te gah of Pare 8 cores oan ales: We ost the A mse es yang J) 2" wen al ech fs nook sein fin fal el tins,‘To do thi, cme inate amber VI Sie 1.7 YI 18 wetave 2 <2 «214 We cameo" and 2 bee 1a [tara aanbis LE we me het srotnaon or ve sec sone ht wean ih eran 2 Ine Vici ewer imecvicum = 2m ere gm imo < VE< ima 21 ca cain 19s < YS 17mm p27 24 «pm Agtstistccpin sant inet ese nik tea ee “ned Gets Cease 2H, 269, 21%, 330m, 1mm, nie soe a ent 2A, 004, 3t08, pur, guna, scons rosso dete 2 se hinge umber Using proxi proves, weem ge an saa of utr wesni0n Sina, can dee 2 (o4.f8> Owe say iene be Acomoe gph eect fl) = 22.26, wahown in Figo 179 + “The raps ofsenl eso it efi ofan ot famy = showin Fie 470 gure 180 fearon alse oft te b Natit alle se pss tr en ‘hepa, jb be = 1frb 0 Noe sotto babies > Ty aygeroen ‘ie expoea finn gos ily ors > 0 Figwe 190 stasis ‘prs eee gh Tepe as (oes iho won ib eve ens igure 180 ppt hr te inf expo fn of te fam y= 6" 10. I theexooetl ecto, These three cases ae stdin igure. Noo ot 6 yt th expnesle tion y= 6 a domain nd age (0,20). to ans (8) = 10" = 3, the gph)» 1/8) a tec fe pap fy = ar hea Ga52 cust fare an dss fon (Gamer acer Gage ot y= (cagboty=0, > ‘ig othe eb etl ins, "xgonenl ton ae import i he sy of les The Following popeies exponential ection ete nner xan. ‘Laws of Exponent aad ar postve mabe ad and ya sy el mbes then kere awe sayawe a (ayaa [EXAMPLE 1 Groph, Domala, and Range ‘Sheth he righ of te ftw =3~ 2 and tie ido nd age soLuTioN Sia withthe graph ay = 2 Rf his gph acs he aca athe hoy = -2" Sti his at apvar' ut abn he paphuly =3~2, ee Figure 1.2. "Tu dorsin is Wand ean (0,3). Figure 12 ghety=3 2 ad to sone EXAMPLE 2 Power Function and Exponential Function Comparison sstchclogy to compte ph of tienen aneony ~ 2 and "Be power ition y= Which anton remem hyo ccs wiaut bow? souuTioN Fg 183 show th grap of th tos in x sane vewing wtb Tie fie saps tal th repr hae ties, RST Asents exaneralrinsos 53 Foc > th graph fl) =P ay abve te pap ofa) = 7. ge 16 ‘Spt th eration ss at are of nce wi touch exponential ain fa) = grows nh asc ha te poe feo (9) =. gure 188 Fig 198 Capt fe) = 2° ade)? Gat fo) = 2 5) = (ose we vig win (grouting wider Fad (ea Bar 20) . 1 Applications of Exponential Functions ‘Tho expen factions wal fn inmate mee, ch ot avag ae eth iti fee component In hr eon, we wl ty ine hm he expen etn sda ee yopaaion wth nd te cay Late, we wl onsite hse te apie i eter deta poeta) Consider poplin of acre homoge ated. Spgoe thy seer acpein dn sing the popltion ein erie te poplton deer eof wnariasety ery hr the aso de 3p where mee na ; SUE ins ante inna | it saa | ers =~ nc 10-14-20 8 sey-ey=2 00 S| & 8 | | napmnmroe tent 3 | 2 wit 08 é | & ©) 32 | en pn tan cm it ea in S| me | eeeeteneeiiamatc cate Caceres B ) He | tgtenocesitaienecNlea cers Ss 2 | 2 | Seige attoe 18 | Mt | Shctesstin meni erro ime Sa rate nem rents meat! ci54 overs) rst wa ‘heaton inte sages exponential um Using the mth aes, wes an exponen el ori ata (249659)-(Lonsy ae = sores (90. Figure sw gap of hap fia ta totes with be rgd The ph sep a he exponent node se te da eon wel. The per fly hw pop gout xpi bythe no wor war a the re Dep ot 1 si igore ab sine 101985 rec paper pee dig ee of be pee air ABTS ‘ete ams ‘he tan nant vrs HV Tae 1 tome le of te poste “td als) fps 30% mse RNA ce pry ar AES ra ‘romet wa sisted. The comesending ate pt sho niga E87, 1 | wo ri « | 30 | iso vi | oa is | 52 al a Pier igre a8 See ls vind ‘The pi etn hepa vil oa and gst i ster pat ‘aggots an cxpesial ode y= B were 1,900 000, “These csi a= 38 “Thee, e> 18 whewe> 138, ‘he uae aco ows ik thatthe aes ae ae eer ‘han milan when ison EXERCISES Concepts and Vorabulary 1 marie Aca tant 2 Tava rb > O57 DEY A [3 Teor Fe fo) = and. tet fet Secor 4 eer ef) = 08 0< 8 tet get Fh be me 6 tanec Fie VIB Saige age oie oor (oe y= 18 Sor Avon Sieh gg 1 mae Chie Wasson oyatel 9. ile Cee The pty = ("se Ooxrtit yee (OA vest apm (DA orn eye ‘Sequin fre geoph1M Sash gh of = a wt Practice ‘ihe om rT Geena pat wr singly (0 ig 2 an Shem (0) Sig Zinn eine nett (@ Rearing ar ae a (0) Rec on ya, as? wey (0 Reteng some ae an en ey ws 4 Swe a fy =o a mation 13, aot wet ipeeraal see (9 acing ay = iam 9 23-8 Fd te damin ion sare te, ayia val Bese Moy sete Oe 1. orca of faving eon re eta oe acral advice ccc iene 9, 9° = (1) 9 (4)""= (2) wrt ot et wee (ay a (ofa 1 Wesnain atet aver? eee 19 Way teagan? 6-4 Fei anti f)~ C0 we (0 Settee mb “Oho pay (9 Werte ca int ‘ Oe erate 29-32 Lue nsec ie ggho oe ty 089" Myete ‘Cay ech epg) =2" wd ea of 43 9 (fen tberme can sg Baga ee alae fer ets teen pacana ec het) = 2, et cx ttre i fa nes ‘Roplonions nd Beanions 18 sn) =! ae) =o 1 36 Ueto phte eco 6) =a i) 23 ibe a nag cg Po a pl ‘Tien ft gh et he ($7 Ue gate sos) =! at is) ne tesa wn rte Wn he cho iy pst rb nde en ofeeniit > 160mm B 2 Oe mabe nest ntctneithoe 9 Kem binenelina (8) Antec apponionng ember yet Jeter ie aetna ‘nn etn wap Arsontrktir dormiae te doting ine fer cron gener eens Aa (0 eg fink a tinal ion fie) atone cer option set Fie ors (nay (Hoey at oh er (@ Shacheegapho de bcea pep ton ‘nde hte psn () asamp a cme of 20 dhe mc (© Estima eames mang oer es (a) Ev tie eed te ane tad (6 Es aa ig he i (6 amateetieo stereo (4 Uti en il rv Gti) Inde ake ks ton hoe st i, 1 Us cine gen in le fo© cwerent Rectan oe epi aa fale pencesoanenielep Tne geste opuaion of be Une Ss, .1yh php ng(P) = Pte. ulin eye 95010 tna a 20. State gh ton wo | ot |e) ap 0 vom | sas ff awn | ar Dee a esti Bane rt, a ee 21. Gap ss eb ay eine i ~ fe ‘ea pop ae me ro > 0. te ah gen ‘etna pple 25 ape ‘hangs xpinbo gah cng keen Fomine yer 300 {ytoemm eacosesan gsr [EQ] eworse Functions and Logarithms Pig 97 ‘HB 17 presents dn oman epson vcha ta ate ad wi 00 acti edn medi th ie lh beri pin seeded sti irl The contr of bacteria i fton Bei J, Sep, hone hte bdo changes er pit ove an cnr "he tne eq fr teppei to ech vs eee To ter ware i kip as nino Te fans cle ere ff Ste ly haere 5" ese” Sor J eine al ee popaaon leach Nhe es "cas oan eng Table 1 fw ge oy costing Tae 8. Forexample, "(S80 = Shea 15 Haat entecionet Pe is » is s o % m Se Not ery Fncton hs a ee Fe nape the tins fag ep Seb aw digas shown in igure 197 Ne ex f ow ho these ‘ale vi any ts ps ine eet cup) bt sale he sae vase th 2 ne the see op eaymbts 9(} = (a 0) Alles) whan ay xe Ato ih oy e/a wane enfant,Sedona acy mene firear trenhy tesa Pigwo 1st ‘efi anne a ese = Figure 190 Ja)=7 seo 1) acento Nt {ers Ina wortonstonweibe SeonOntS sa Funsesnapetos 61 Detinition 2 ‘Afton calle one-one anton njetivg iit neer aks he Smeal ie hts $0) AM) wwe aan We cn eanie the gah of foto to eine wht it anon. Su poset! le nsec he pap of afanene foe woe pis = Fine 98) Te are umes and sc tat fle) = fe) Tet ZN sea ms ‘This gen te folowing geomarie mtd fx dnl whee oo i Horizontal Line Tet ‘Afi oe -08f ndony if barat ie sph te Ws prety npr ow he Novant ie Tet sow dt ein i econ ni yo em rt Rrzot ne ht itech gh nt he ple be focion fo netane However owe sn itonetanm we ema ue analy pouch, One pial med ies he conapie ati ex ht fy) =the a} EXAMPLE1 One%0-One Function Ieteinson fo) = one-one? souvrt0N “espa f esha Fe 8 aogier ie Iw ops int i n0-e econy he Hretle Ts Weems aay Supe fs) =a} = =f) Tansy sn (Dee cab roe ofa ls) Terloe /seeroone . EXAMPLE2 Not One-to-One ste fc = one-one? SOLUTION ‘The gga 9 lshownin Figue L100 slog wi herp rt oe, eset neers‘Tarte bye Hail Lie Tx 9 ot one-one Alyy, wend tere es dons Hat ye he ane or example 9-1 ath, . ‘coo fn is inp in ale baa has meee. Te os etiain tiowe Definition at bea ne ae Fo wi dann Aa ange BT ire fe tion "asda Bad nga ane Pioles ee fa-y foc amy yin ‘This too eye aif rps in thon J! mycket: Were dos "noes: Nate ht f wre stone -n, en f= wel at be “Te anew aga ng 10a volo th ip betes fsa fees ees | Nt at oan f°! = geoff geet f= dain off Aymmérem org ectee Foren einen etn fs) = f(s) = «Pease FLO) =O" ae Caution: Doss eh 1 fr an expen. 7) deen 7 A * overs ea em wnt) EXAMPLES Evaluate an laverso Function Suppose wonetoone ae (3) = 5,f(9) = Wand (8) ~ 10 Fad fH), FS) 04 1-10, sonuttox A Use teeta othe ene font, SH) =3 twee §Q)=7 FNS) = became J) =5 ease (8) = -10 rm in Fg 1.102 lla wf! wos what os ica, a mates a epee tony wes the aspen — eat vale Theo, whe ne ls the vee facto tee fg igure 2 ‘wally eee err of and yD at Soran Lider = 10) oyWar fe, ees. {ONO nora sees cabs 63 sing oenion nati, eave the lowing amen eto PULA H# levy xi0a ey LENG) me foceery in “Theisen ein ays tha fe a wih fame sty swear bck ata wee ra ce th mache gs Fg 3). "Toor ira f aes The seal egion ay at fds wat J? es. ws em Se es La LE acon fle) = 2. the a) =. Teeaeetiaion etn beso FUG) = 2? = SUP) = GP mx ‘These opis ply ow ht tae nto nd te eae ox con ene ech there ape i esesion "Tar ea give net! fr Bing an iver fection Gen onton 17 Tle.srose wees oe sagen for x ines of. Ten meee {oDetnion emt er" ())- eel independ se we he iran ay aval de egeion y="), Procedure: Finding the Inverse Function ‘of One-to-One Function f Step Wiiey = ‘Step Suh cmon fran tans of poe ‘Step 9 lnueage the vrs vay xpes J“ ws afoot Teteaing eaten =f" [BXAMPLEA Find en inverse Function indi iver inten tf} 4-2, SOLUTION ‘Use the rc for Hg te nese Futon: P42 pete “Teeth one) = YZ . “The pip fiat aed w fd the bee fete also prvis 2 ethod er ening be ph of! tam the gg of. Sc. fa) =6 itand oly (2) = ee pa a6) one ego Wal ony he oa (dv icon phot ~The pit (ois oft po (ast lina 1 See ge 110) Thre righ off" sebtne2yelosng fgaphot fast line y= SeeFigwe L105)4 courant asin mato Pwr L208 pur 1.105 ‘Theol (0) ee etectontde ‘epage /~* ohae yt, Poi a) ats ory Gogol fiche ee ye BRAMPLES J~', Domain, and Range Leyte) VE=T 42 (2) Fn be domain and eget (8) Pod and sath domingo (© Shh te grat ff! he ane cone ns, SOLUTION (A-120 m= 221 m5 dominos [o) VTE (0.0) = 1) TD feo) > cage ff (03) @ yevtie ay yas ve=T Sto it Ones Stes. r=Q-aRi1 inte yee Bit nea, ‘Te vere ntoni J) = (x= 2°41 Domain of J": 0} Gage) Rampeok fs [yos) Gomaina (0 Capo faa f>Seon tnene Func nde OB 1 Logarithmic Functions b> O and 1 expel funn fa) = citer vay ineing ot vay desing he rial Le Tot gen, and wees poet f= (he. Terfre fsa ei ft ed bogie aeton with ‘se Goce log Usage fr fora wee eon re) fies prey @ ‘nme if > then oy i text whi the bse D mt Be ae protec ogy 0001 = 3 bee 1? = 0001, ‘en apie a the netons e) = and) ogy he easton tone bacane plot) =x every eR as, Dit frenyx > 0 “The ott fonction bgt dnl (0c) an age i gap isthe we thot graph oly bao tiny = Pu L105 bows cas fr b> 1 Nottie y= nenaever epi for> Oe graphy» lon xe sow fo > Fizne L107 sh te gmp of 7—Loy1 fo ves ofthe base D> 1 ise Tare? 0. the rp ofall apt npn rw the pit (1,0) yen bo igre 2.108 ‘the fotlowin rope gcse low Hom he emespodig pp eso exponen incons gen Sesion cand yore postive ames hen 1. tga) agp osgy 2 (5) baby 2 lor(e) = rags weer umberEXAMPLES. The Laws of Lagacithme ‘ete is lato eau gS soturton 0-5, (2) ieee atém = 1 Natural Logarithms Notton for Legume (fase bo ogrts, hent afilica te ambeewhied Meets inclines: was cfm Savion 1S. Te pth wih ie eile be aural age ‘Sahai reel iin MS AMEE tion ‘edie "ue pi ‘Sat ne ne ns aan ses Me me ele. b = an thi pc pon in genase 25, ho the defing Snr ngenger twee na sae en itfaewssteaget” Operetta srt nbc logae= lax ray ot en ‘de caiton ution biejar xen on eer wo wy ost tities EXAMPLE? Rquation Involving Seen Me Edie ie Sve Soa rao 3 si, Moone Ua Thee =, sonrion 2 bees py eee aah i in [BKAMPLE® Equation involving Salve eegaon 10, souion, mn 5-300 ‘Mensa ian tft 3e=5~t10 rape. igus 1.308 r= {S-m10) Dieta ‘Amwoinann tei, Note gee L108 hon aprnn fo . EE CEEenh LF lan RnckoaandLcutins 67 EXAMPLE® Simplify a Logerithmie Bxpression age na ¢ Jab asasinl logit soLUTION Int fInd= naib" stra tiavi ne et eto(ov8) Lav Lotte “Te foning ool sb ha logan hy ae ane exe in ems enna opxitm. ‘Change of Base Formula otraatbe Qugect crams | Toran ptember b(t), {aga wise ring me ‘Suit cee spit wee ar ti, PROOF ety = on wax esp yinbatne ees fi a Sif. ot ging eels Bava alin feo ode ey te compat & ral, Thtfre gation 28 aos we ae a grain cor 10 ‘pte pti with sy ae or hora Esa 0 Sm, Egan 28 ‘ows fo graph an solve ay Hogue ton ees 0 ease, ‘etetog [EXAMPLE 10 Approximate alg vagy nett tdci plies souvion zi (re Bguon loys Figure 308 wig he Change o esa anche