University of Johannesburg
Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment
Department of Civil Engineering Science
Advanced Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design
M6ARC19
OPEN BOOK
24 June 2022 15:00-18:30
Candidates must attempt ALL THREE Questions
Marks of parts of questions are shown in brackets, e.g. [..Marks].
Calculations must be set out in an intelligible manner with
each significant step presented separately.
Unless stated otherwise, candidates are to assume the following:
Structural concrete design is to be in accordance with BS EN 1992 (Eurocode 2:
Design of concrete structures).
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/m3.
Steel yield strength = 500 N/mm2.
Steel elastic modulus = 200 kN/mm2.
Candidates are expected to make reasonable assumptions about any data not provided in the
questions. In such cases, any assumed information must be stated clearly in the answers
provided.
Page 1 of 5
Question 1
A pretensioned simply supported concrete beam is to be used for a bridge
construction. The beam is required to carry a characteristic uniformly distributed
imposed load of 22kN/m in addition to its own self weight, over a span of 20m. It has
a uniform cross section as shown in Figure Q1. The following data are given:
Gross concrete cross-section data:
Section centroid at 260.71 mm (below its top fibre) and 539.29 mm (from its bottom
fibre) as shown in Figure Q1;
Area = 560000 mm2;
Second moment of area = 3.2x1010 mm4.
Pre-stressing tendons:
Characteristic tensile strength, fpk = 1600 N/mm2;
0.1% proof stress, fp0.1k = 1400 N/mm2;
Tendon elastic modulus Ep = 200 kN/mm2;
Losses of prestress immediately after transfer are 10% and the total time-dependent
losses due to creep, shrinkage and relaxation are 20%.
Figure 3.10 given in EC2 could be used to define the design stress-strain diagram for
prestressing steel at ultimate limit state.
Concrete:
Characteristic compressive strength at transfer fck (t) = 40 MPa;
Characteristic compressive strength at 28 days fck = 60 MPa;
Elastic modulus Ec = 38 kN/mm2;
Figure 3.5 given in EC2 could be used to define the stress block for concrete at
ultimate limit state.
a) Determine the safe prestressing force and corresponding eccentricity ranges of
the mid-span section to satisfy the limiting compressive and tensile stresses of
concrete at transfer and serviceability limit state. [50%]
b) Determine the moment of resistance of the beam section for the following selected
tendon details:
Total tendon prestressing force Pjack = 4000 kN;
Tendon location e = 400mm from the section centroid as shown in Fig. Q1;
Total tendon area Ap = 4500 mm2.
Full bond between the prestressing tendons and concrete beam may be assumed.
Check whether the beam is satisfactory for ultimate limit state, considering the load
given above. [50%]
Page 2 of 5
2000
150
260.71
800
e= 400
539.29
Section Centriod
650
Prestressing
tendon Prestressing tendon
300 200 1000 200 300
Figure Q1
All dimensions are in mm
Page 3 of 5
Question 2
Figure Q2 shows an isotropically reinforced concrete slab. The slab is simply
supported along sides AD and BC, fixed along side AB and free along side DC. The
slab carries a uniformly distributed load and has the following data:
- The overall depth of the slab = 200 mm;
- The effective depth of the slab = 160 mm;
- The slab is reinforced with top and bottom orthogonal reinforcement meshes of
10mm steel bar diameter at a spacing of 100mm;
- Characteristic concrete compressive strength = 35 N/mm2;
- Characteristic yield strength of steel = 500 N/mm2.
For the reinforced concrete slab:
a) Calculate the design sagging and hogging moments
of resistance of the slab. [20%]
b) Sketch a possible mechanism of failure with
yield lines clearly identified. [20%]
c) Determine the design uniformly distributed collapse load for the mechanism of
failure proposed in (b) above. [40%]
d) Propose a different mechanism of failure from the one in (b) above, with yield
lines clearly identified. [20%]
Free edge
D
C
Steel reinforcement
10mm@100mm
6m
Simply supported edge
Simply supported edge
A B
6m
Fixed edge
Figure Q2
All dimensions are in mm
Page 4 of 5
Question 3:
A double corbel projecting from an interior column is shown in Fig. Q3. It is required
to carry and transfer two-point loads to the interior column as shown in Figure Q3.
The following data are given:
- The cross section of the interior column is 400 x 400 mm;
- Total design load on the interior column is 1500 kN;
- Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 40 N/mm2;
- Characteristic yield strength of steel = 500 N/mm2;
- Assume nominal cover to steel reinforcement = 25 mm;
- Out-of-plane thickness of corbels and supporting plates is 400mm.
For the double corbel:
a) Sketch a strut and tie model to transfer the two point loads to the interior
supporting column. [20%]
b) Calculate the area of steel required for the tension tie(s) of the proposed strut
and tie model. [20%]
c) Check stresses in various nodes of the proposed strut-and-tie model. [20%]
d) Check stresses in struts of the proposed strut-and-tie model. [20%]
e) Sketch a different strut and tie model from the one in (a) above, to transfer the
two point loads to the interior supporting column. [20%]
400
300 kN 1500 kN 300 kN
50 kN 50 kN
300
1200
300 300 850 400 850 300300
3300
Figure Q3
All dimensions are in mm
Page 5 of 5
